H.R. 2161

119 HR 2161 IH: Human-Animal Chimera Prohibition Act of 2025
 U.S. House of Representatives
 2025-03-14
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 I  119th CONGRESS  1st Session  H. R. 2161  IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES   March 14, 2025   Mr. Smith of New Jersey  (for himself,  Mr. Harris of Maryland ,  Mrs. Miller of Illinois , and  Mr. Aderholt ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the  Committee on the Judiciary    A BILL
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain types of human-animal chimeras.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the   Human-Animal Chimera Prohibition Act of 2025  .
2.
Prohibition on certain human-animal chimeras
Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 51 the following:
52
Certain Types of Human-Animal Chimeras Prohibited
Sec.
1131. Definitions.
1132. Prohibition on certain human-animal chimeras.
1131.
Definitions
In this chapter the following definitions apply:
(1)
Prohibited human-animal chimera
The term  prohibited human-animal chimera  means—
(A)
a human embryo into which a nonhuman cell or cells (or the component parts thereof) have been introduced to render the embryo’s membership in the species Homo sapiens uncertain;
(B)
a human-animal embryo produced by fertilizing a human egg with nonhuman sperm;
(C)
a human-animal embryo produced by fertilizing a nonhuman egg with human sperm;
(D)
an embryo produced by introducing a nonhuman nucleus into a human egg;
(E)
an embryo produced by introducing a human nucleus into a nonhuman egg;
(F)
an embryo containing at least haploid sets of chromosomes from both a human and a nonhuman life form;
(G)
a nonhuman life form engineered such that human gametes develop within the body of a nonhuman life form;
(H)
a nonhuman life form engineered such that it contains a human brain or a brain derived wholly or predominantly from human neural tissues;
(I)
 a nonhuman life form engineered such that it exhibits human facial features or other bodily morphologies to resemble human features; or
(J)
an embryo produced by mixing human and nonhuman cells, such that—
(i)
human gametes develop within the body of the resultant organism;
(ii)
it contains a human brain or a brain derived wholly or predominantly from human neural tissues; or
(iii)
it exhibits human facial features or other bodily morphologies to resemble human features.
(2)
Human embryo
The term  human embryo  means an organism of the species Homo sapiens during the earliest stages of development, from 1 cell up to 8 weeks.
1132.
Prohibition on certain human-animal chimeras
(a)
In general
It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly, in or otherwise affecting interstate commerce—
(1)
create or attempt to create a prohibited human-animal chimera;
(2)
transfer or attempt to transfer a human embryo into a nonhuman womb;
(3)
transfer or attempt to transfer a non­human embryo into a human womb; or
(4)
transport or receive for any purpose a prohibited human-animal chimera.
(b)
Penalties
(1)
In general
Whoever violates subsection (a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
(2)
Civil penalty
Whoever violates subsection (a) and derives pecuniary gain from such violation shall be subject to a civil fine of the greater of $1,000,000 and an amount equal to the amount of the gross gain multiplied by 2.
(c)
Rule of construction
This section does not prohibit research involving the use of transgenic animal models containing human genes or transplantation of human organs, tissues, or cells into recipient animals, if such activities are not prohibited under subsection (a).
  .
3.
Technical amendment
The table of chapters for part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 51 the following:
52. Certain types of human-animal chimeras prohibited.
  .