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S.J.Res. 98

U.S. Senate•Introduced

Summary

S.J.Res. 98, “A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress”, was introduced in the Senate on Dec 3, 2025 by Sen. Tim Kaine (D) with 30 co-sponsors. It last saw action on Jan 14, 2026: Point of order that the measure is not entitled to expedited procedures under 50 U.S.C. 1546(a) raised against the measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 50 - 50. Record Vote Number: 9.

Record

Text

S.J.Res. 98 has 30 co-sponsors, 2 roll calls and 8 amendments.

sjr98/introduced-in-senate.txt
IIA  119th CONGRESS  1st Session  S. J. RES. 98  IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES   December 3, 2025   Mr. Kaine  (for himself,  Mr. Paul ,  Mr. Schumer , and  Mr. Schiff ) introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the  Committee on Foreign Relations    JOINT RESOLUTION
To direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.
1.
Findings
Congress makes the following findings:
(1)
Congress has the sole power to declare war under article I, section 8, clause 11 of the United States Constitution.
(2)
Congress has not declared war upon Venezuela or any person or organization within or operating from Venezuela, nor enacted a specific statutory authorization for use of military force within or against Venezuela.
(3)
The use of military force by the United States Armed Forces within or against Venezuela constitutes the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities within the meaning of section 4(a) of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1543(a)).
(4)
Section 1013 of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (50 U.S.C. 1546a) provides that any joint resolution or bill to require the removal of United States Armed Forces from imminent engagement in hostilities without a declaration of war or specific statutory authorization shall be considered in accordance with the expedited procedures of section 601(b) of the International Security and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.
2.
Termination of the use of United States forces for hostilities within or against Venezuela
(a)
Termination
Pursuant to section 1013 of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (50 U.S.C. 1546a), and in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976, Congress hereby directs the President to terminate the use of United States Armed Forces for hostilities within or against Venezuela, unless explicitly authorized by a declaration of war or specific authorization for use of military force.
(b)
Rule of construction
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the United States from defending itself from an armed attack or threat of an imminent armed attack.

Tracker

The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.

  1. Introduced2025-12-03
  2. Passed Senate
  3. Passed House
  4. Conference
  5. To President
  6. Became Law

CRS Summary

The summaries are the Congressional Research Service’s, one per stage. Read them in full.

Introduced in Senate Dec 3, 2025

sjr98/introduced-in-senate.md

Shown Here:
Introduced in Senate (12/03/2025)

This joint resolution directs the President to terminate the use of U.S. Armed Forces for hostilities within or against Venezuela unless a declaration of war or authorization to use military force for such purpose has been enacted. The joint resolution specifies that it shall not be construed to prevent the United States from defending itself from an armed attack or threat of an imminent armed attack.

Sponsors

Sen. Tim Kaine (D) sponsors S.J.Res. 98, and 30 members have co-sponsored it, 3 of them from the day it was introduced.

Committees

S.J.Res. 98 went before 1 committee: Foreign Relations.

Foreign Relations
Foreign Relations
Discharged From · Jan 8, 2026 · 385 Bills

Actions

S.J.Res. 98 has taken 7 actions since Dec 3, 2025, the latest on Jan 14, 2026.

ChamberAction
Jan 14, 2026
Senate
Motion to proceed to consideration of measure made in Senate. (consideration: CR S218)
Jan 14, 2026
Senate
Point of order that the measure is not entitled to expedited procedures under 50 U.S.C. 1546(a) raised against the measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 50 - 50. Record Vote Number: 9.Senate roll call 9 50–50
Jan 8, 2026
Senate
Motion to discharge Senate Committee on Foreign Relations made. (consideration: CR S100)Foreign Relations Committee
Jan 8, 2026
Senate
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations discharged by Yea-Nay Vote. 52 - 47. Record Vote Number: 5, by motion, pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1546a.Foreign Relations Committee Senate roll call 5 52–47
Jan 8, 2026
Senate
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 298.

Votes

S.J.Res. 98 went to 2 roll calls in the Senate, the latest on Jan 14, 2026 at 50–50.

ChamberQuestion
Yea
Nay
Jan 14, 2026
Senate
On the Point of Order
50
50
Jan 8, 2026
Senate
On the Motion to Discharge
52
47

Amendments

8 amendments have been offered to S.J.Res. 98.

1 bill is related to S.J.Res. 98.

Titles

S.J.Res. 98 goes by 2 titles.

  • A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress. — Official Title as Introduced
  • A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress. — Display Title

Lobbying

6 clients hired 6 firms and 29 registered lobbyists who named S.J.Res. 98 in 14 quarterly filings, 2025 to 2026. Reported under the Lobbying Disclosure Act; a filing’s income covers everything its registrant worked that quarter, so the amounts below are the filings’, not this bill’s.

Filed under Foreign Relations, Defense, Budget/Appropriations, Immigration, Taxation/Internal Revenue Code, Agriculture, Indian/Native American Affairs, Civil Rights/Civil Liberties.

Clients

Who paid to be heard, by how many filings named the bill.

ClientBusinessStateFirmsFilingsReported
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION—District of Columbia16—
DEMAND PROGRESS ACTION, INC—Maryland13—
MOVEON.ORG CIVIC ACTION501(c)(4) organization which focuses on nonpartisan education and advocacy on natl. issuesDistrict of Columbia12$40K
HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST—New York11—
NATIONAL SECURITY ACTION—District of Columbia11—
VOTEVETS ACTION FUND, INC.—District of Columbia11—

Firms

Registrants who filed on the bill, by filings.

RegistrantClientsFilingsReported
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION16—
DEMAND PROGRESS ACTION, INC13—
PORT SIDE STRATEGIES, LLC12$40K
HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST11—
NATIONAL SECURITY ACTION11—
VOTEVETS ACTION FUND, INC.11—

Lobbyists

Named on the filings that cite the bill. The 20 named most often, of 29.

LobbyistFirmsClientsFilings
ALLEN HESTER116
AMELIA KEGAN116
ANIKA FORREST116
BRIDGET MOIX116
HASSAN EL-TAYYAB116
HEATHER BRANDON-BRAVO116
JOSE MORENO116
KAYLIN HENDERSON116
MARIA MITRI116
ODELIYA MATTER116
PAUL AVERSA116
PRIYA MORAN116
RACHEL OVERSTREET116
URSALA KNUDSEN-LATTA116
ALEXANDRA MORK115
DAREN CAUGHRON115
COLIN MCGLYNN113
HAJAR HAMMADO113
NICOLAS KHARRAZIAN113
SEAN VITKA113

Filings

The documents themselves, on the Senate’s Lobbying Disclosure site, largest reported first.

ClientRegistrantPeriodReportedDocument
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATIONFRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION2026 first_quarter$1M1st Quarter - Amendme…
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATIONFRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION2026 first_quarter$1M1st Quarter - Report
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATIONFRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION2025 fourth_quarter$1M4th Quarter - Amendme…
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATIONFRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION2025 fourth_quarter$1M4th Quarter - Amendme…
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATIONFRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION2025 fourth_quarter$1M4th Quarter - Amendme…
FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATIONFRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION2025 fourth_quarter$1M4th Quarter - Report
DEMAND PROGRESS ACTION, INCDEMAND PROGRESS ACTION, INC2026 second_quarter$70K2nd Quarter - Report
HUMAN RIGHTS FIRSTHUMAN RIGHTS FIRST2025 fourth_quarter$59.6K4th Quarter - Report
VOTEVETS ACTION FUND, INC.VOTEVETS ACTION FUND, INC.2025 fourth_quarter$50K4th Quarter - Report
NATIONAL SECURITY ACTIONNATIONAL SECURITY ACTION2026 second_quarter$40K2nd Quarter - Report
DEMAND PROGRESS ACTION, INCDEMAND PROGRESS ACTION, INC2025 fourth_quarter$40K4th Quarter - Report
DEMAND PROGRESS ACTION, INCDEMAND PROGRESS ACTION, INC2026 first_quarter$30K1st Quarter - Report
MOVEON.ORG CIVIC ACTIONPORT SIDE STRATEGIES, LLC2026 first_quarter$20K1st Quarter - Report
MOVEON.ORG CIVIC ACTIONPORT SIDE STRATEGIES, LLC2025 fourth_quarter$20K4th Quarter - Report

Classification

The Congressional Research Service files S.J.Res. 98 under International Affairs, one of its 31 policy areas, and gives it 6 legislative subjects.

CRS Subjects

CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; S.J.Res. 98’s is International Affairs.

sjres98/policy-areas.txt
International AffairsAgriculture and FoodAnimalsArmed Forces and National SecurityArts, Culture, ReligionCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesCommerceCongressCrime and Law EnforcementEconomics and Public FinanceEducationEmergency ManagementEnergyEnvironmental ProtectionFamiliesFinance and Financial SectorForeign Trade and International FinanceGovernment Operations and PoliticsHealthHousing and Community DevelopmentImmigrationLabor and EmploymentLawNative AmericansPublic Lands and Natural ResourcesScience, Technology, CommunicationsSocial WelfareSports and RecreationTaxationTransportation and Public WorksWater Resources Development

Legislative Subjects

S.J.Res. 98 carries 6 of CRS’s legislative subjects, from Congressional-executive branch relations to War and emergency powers.

sjres98/subjects.txt
Congressional-executive branch relationsCongressional oversightLatin AmericaMilitary operations and strategyVenezuelaWar and emergency powers

Source: congress.gov · legiscan.com