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S. 46
U.S. Senate•In Senate Committee
Summary
S. 46, the Health Care Affordability Act of 2025, was introduced in the Senate on Jan 9, 2025 by Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D) with 44 co-sponsors. It was referred to Finance, and last saw action on Jan 9, 2025: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.
Record
Text
S. 46 has 44 co-sponsors.
sb46/introduced-in-senate.txt119 S46 IS: Health Care Affordability Act of 2025U.S. Senate2025-01-09text/xmlENPursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.II 119th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 46 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES January 9, 2025 Mrs. Shaheen (for herself, Ms. Baldwin , Mr. Schumer , Mr. Wyden , Mr. Blumenthal , Mr. King , Ms. Hassan , Mr. Welch , Mr. Kaine , Mr. Coons , Ms. Warren , Mr. Durbin , Mrs. Murray , Mr. Warnock , Mrs. Gillibrand , Mr. Reed , Ms. Duckworth , Mr. Van Hollen , Ms. Cortez Masto , Mr. Schatz , Mr. Padilla , Ms. Smith , Ms. Klobuchar , Ms. Rosen , Mr. Kelly , Mr. Booker , Mr. Whitehouse , Mr. Merkley , Mr. Schiff , Mr. Warner , Mr. Markey , Mr. Luján , Ms. Hirono , Mr. Bennet , Mr. Hickenlooper , Mr. Peters , Mr. Fetterman , Mr. Heinrich , Mr. Kim , and Ms. Slotkin ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance A BILLTo amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to expand eligibility for the refundable credit for coverage under a qualified health plan.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Health Care Affordability Act of 2025 .2.Increase in eligibility for credit(a)In generalSubparagraph (A) of section 36B(c)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking but does not exceed 400 percent .(b)Applicable percentages(1)In generalSubparagraph (A) of section 36B(b)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:(A)Applicable percentageThe applicable percentage for any taxable year shall be the percentage such that the applicable percentage for any taxpayer whose household income is within an income tier specified in the following table shall increase, on a sliding scale in a linear manner, from the initial premium percentage to the final premium percentage specified in such table for such income tier:In the case of household income (expressed as a percent of poverty line) within the following income tier: The initial premium percentage is— The final premium percentage is— Up to 150 percent 0 0 150 percent up to 200 percent 0 2.0 200 percent up to 250 percent 2.0 4.0 250 percent up to 300 percent 4.0 6.0 300 percent up to 400 percent 6.0 8.5 400 percent and higher 8.5 8.5..(2)Conforming amendments relating to affordability of coverage(A)Paragraph (1) of section 36B(c) of such Code is amended by striking subparagraph (E).(B)Subparagraph (C) of section 36B(c)(2) of such Code is amended by striking clause (iv).(C)Paragraph (4) of section 36B(c) of such Code is amended by striking subparagraph (F).(c)Effective dateThe amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.
Tracker
The tracker indicates the progress of this legislation as it moves through the legislative process.
- Introduced2025-01-09
- Passed Senate
- Passed House
- Conference
- To President
- Became Law
CRS Summary
The summaries are the Congressional Research Service’s, one per stage. Read them in full.
Introduced in Senate Jan 9, 2025
sb46/introduced-in-senate.mdShown Here:
Introduced in Senate (01/09/2025)
Health Care Affordability Act of 2025
This bill makes permanent temporary changes enacted by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) and the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) that generally expand eligibility for and increase the amount of the premium tax credit.
Currently, eligible taxpayers may be able to claim the premium tax credit, which applies toward the cost of obtaining health insurance through health insurance exchanges. To be eligible for the premium tax credit, a taxpayer’s household income must meet or exceed 100% of the federal poverty level (FPL) and, after 2025, may not exceed 400% of the FPL (maximum income limit). For 2021-2025, the ARPA and IRA eliminated the maximum income limit, which generally expands eligibility for the premium tax credit.
Further, under current law, the amount of the premium tax credit is (1) generally the plan premium (conditions apply), minus (2) the taxpayer’s household income multiplied by the applicable percentage. The applicable percentage is a specific percentage that varies depending on which of six income ranges (adjusted for inflation after 2025) the taxpayer’s household income falls within. For 2021-2025, the ARPA and IRA lowered the applicable percentages and eliminated the adjustment of the applicable percentages for inflation, which generally increases the amount of the premium tax credit.
The bill makes permanent the elimination of the 400% maximum income limit, the lower applicable percentages, and the elimination of the inflation adjustment for the applicable percentages.
Sponsors
Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D) sponsors S. 46, and 44 members have co-sponsored it, 39 of them from the day it was introduced.

Sen. · D–NH · Sponsor
Introduced Jan 9, 2025

Sen. · D–WI · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original

Sen. · D–CO · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original

Sen. · D–CT · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original

Sen. · D–NJ · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original

Sen. · D–DE · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original

Sen. · D–NV · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original

Sen. · D–IL · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original

Sen. · D–IL · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original

Sen. · D–PA · Co-sponsor
Joined Jan 9, 2025 · Original
Committees
S. 46 went before 1 committee: Finance.
Actions
S. 46 has taken 2 actions since Jan 9, 2025.
| Chamber | Action | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan 9, 2025 | Senate | Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.Finance Committee | ||
Jan 9, 2025 | — | Introduced in Senate |
Votes
S. 46 has not gone to a roll call.
Related bills
6 bills are related to S. 46.
HR 247Health Care Affordability Act of 2025Jan 9, 2025 · Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means. · Identical bill
HR 4849Protecting Health Care and Lowering Costs Act of 2025Aug 1, 2025 · Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee o… · Related bill
HR 6900American Affordability Act of 2025Dec 18, 2025 · Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committees… · Related bill
HR 7767Make Billionaires Pay Their Fair Share ActMar 3, 2026 · Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committees… · Related bill
S 2556Protecting Health Care and Lowering Costs ActJul 30, 2025 · Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (text: CR S4908) · Related billTitles
S. 46 goes by 3 titles, 1 of them short titles.
- Health Care Affordability Act of 2025 — Display Title
- Health Care Affordability Act of 2025 — Short Title(s) as Introduced
- A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to expand eligibility for the refundable credit for coverage under a qualified health plan. — Official Title as Introduced
Lobbying
33 clients hired 31 firms and 143 registered lobbyists who named S. 46 in 143 quarterly filings, 2025 to 2026. Reported under the Lobbying Disclosure Act; a filing’s income covers everything its registrant worked that quarter, so the amounts below are the filings’, not this bill’s.
Filed under Health Issues, Medicare/Medicaid, Budget/Appropriations, Taxation/Internal Revenue Code, Pharmacy, Government Issues, Education, Immigration.
Clients
Who paid to be heard, by how many filings named the bill. The 20 that filed most often, of 33.
Firms
Registrants who filed on the bill, by filings.
Lobbyists
Named on the filings that cite the bill. The 20 named most often, of 143.
| Lobbyist | Firms | Clients | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|
| GLEN MASON | 1 | 2 | 12 |
| ALYENE MLINAR | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| BRUCE MEHLMAN | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| CAITLIN VAN SANT | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| DAVID THOMAS | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| DEAN ROSEN | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| HELEN TOLAR | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| LAUREN ARONSON | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| LISA GOLDMAN | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| NAVEEN PARMAR | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| NICHOLE DISTEFANO | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| PAUL THORNELL | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| ROSEMARY GUTIERREZ | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| SAGE EASTMAN | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| GREGORY ENGLERT | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| ADAM BECK | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ALISA CASAVANT | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ALISON ESQUEA | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ANDREW SHINE | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| ANNA DUNBAR-HESTER | 1 | 1 | 6 |
Filings
The documents themselves, on the Senate’s Lobbying Disclosure site, largest reported first.
| Client | Registrant | Period | Reported | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS INC (AHIP) | AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, INC. (AHIP) | 2026 first_quarter | $5.3M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS INC (AHIP) | AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, INC. (AHIP) | 2025 first_quarter | $4.8M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS INC (AHIP) | AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, INC. (AHIP) | 2025 third_quarter | $4.2M | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS INC (AHIP) | AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, INC. (AHIP) | 2025 fourth_quarter | $4.1M | 4th Quarter - Report |
| AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS INC (AHIP) | AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, INC. (AHIP) | 2025 second_quarter | $4.1M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS INC (AHIP) | AMERICA'S HEALTH INSURANCE PLANS, INC. (AHIP) | 2026 second_quarter | $3M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN INC | KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN INC. | 2025 first_quarter | $3M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK INC | AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK, INC. | 2025 second_quarter | $2.6M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK INC | AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK, INC. | 2025 fourth_quarter | $2.4M | 4th Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK INC | AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK, INC. | 2026 first_quarter | $2.3M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK INC | AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK, INC. | 2025 third_quarter | $2.1M | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK INC | AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK, INC. | 2025 first_quarter | $2M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION, A MUTUAL LEGAL RESERVE COMPANY (HCSC) | HEALTH CARE SERVICE CORPORATION, A MUTUAL LEGAL RESERVE COMPANY (HCSC) | 2025 first_quarter | $1.9M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION | BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION | 2025 fourth_quarter | $1.4M | 4th Quarter - Report |
| AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK INC | AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY CANCER ACTION NETWORK, INC. | 2026 second_quarter | $1.2M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION | BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION | 2025 second_quarter | $1.2M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION | BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION | 2025 first_quarter | $1.2M | 1st Quarter - Report |
| BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION | BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD ASSOCIATION | 2025 third_quarter | $1.2M | 3rd Quarter - Report |
| FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS | FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS | 2025 second_quarter | $1.1M | 2nd Quarter - Report |
| FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS | FEDERATION OF AMERICAN HOSPITALS | 2025 first_quarter | $1M | 1st Quarter - Report |
Classification
The Congressional Research Service files S. 46 under Taxation, one of its 31 policy areas, and gives it 3 legislative subjects.
CRS Subjects
CRS assigns every bill one policy area from its 31; S. 46’s is Taxation.
s46/policy-areas.txtLegislative Subjects
S. 46 carries 3 of CRS’s legislative subjects, from Health care costs and insurance to Tax administration and collection, taxpayers.
s46/subjects.txtSource: congress.gov · legiscan.com