S. 3649

119 S3649 IS: Restore Trust in Congress Act
 U.S. Senate
 2026-01-15
 text/xml
 EN
 Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
 II  119th CONGRESS  2d Session  S. 3649  IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES   January 15, 2026   Mrs. Moody  (for herself and  Mrs. Gillibrand ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the  Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs    A BILL
To amend  chapter 131  of title 5 to prohibit Members of Congress and their spouses and dependents from owning or trading stocks, and for other purposes.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the   Restore Trust in Congress Act  .
2.
Restrictions on trade and ownership of covered investments
(a)
Table of contents
The table of contents for  chapter 131  of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
Subchapter IV. Restrictions on trade and ownership of covered investments
13151. Definitions.
13152. Trade and ownership of covered investments.
13153. Penalties.
  .
(b)
Restrictions
 Chapter 131  of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end a new subchapter:
IV
Restrictions on trade and ownership of covered investments
13151.
Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1)
Commodity
The term  commodity —
(A)
has the meaning given the term in section 1a of the Commodity Exchange Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1a ); and
(B)
does not include a precious metal (as defined in section 1027.100 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations).
(2)
Covered individual
The term  covered individual  means any of the following:
(A)
A Member of Congress as defined in section 13101.
(B)
A dependent child as defined in section 13101 or a spouse of a Member of Congress.
(C)
An individual or entity described in section 13104(f)(3)(A) with respect to a covered investment placed in a trust for any individual described in subparagraphs (A) or (B).
(3)
Covered investment
The term  covered investment —
(A)
means an investment in a security, a commodity, a future, or any comparable economic interest acquired through synthetic means, such as the use of a derivative, including an option, warrant, or other similar means; and
(B)
does not include—
(i)
a widely held investment fund described in section 13104(f)(8) that is diversified and publicly traded on a national or regional stock exchange;
(ii)
a United States Treasury bill, note, or bond;
(iii)
a State or municipal government bill, note, or bond;
(iv)
any compensation received by the spouse or dependent child of a covered individual from their employer;
(v)
an interest in a small business concern;
(vi)
an interest in a limited liability company created for the sole purpose of purchasing or holding real estate that serves as the personal residence of the Member of Congress;
(vii)
any share of Settlement Common Stock issued under section 7(g)(1)(A) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act ( 43 U.S.C. 1606(g)(1)(A) ); or
(viii)
any share of Settlement Common Stock, as defined in section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act ( 43 U.S.C. 1602 ).
(4)
Diversified
The term  diversified , with respect to an investment fund, means such fund does not have a stated policy of concentrating its investments in any industry, business, single country other than the United States, or bonds of a single State within the United States except for the State in which the Member of Congress resides.
(5)
Future
The term  future  means a financial contract obligating the buyer to purchase an asset or the seller to sell an asset, such as a physical commodity or a financial investment, at a predetermined future date and price.
(6)
Security
The term  security  has the meaning given the term in section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ( 15 U.S.C. 78c(a) ).
(7)
Small business concern
The term  small business concern  has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Small Business Act ( 15 U.S.C. 632 ).
(8)
Supervising ethics office
The term  supervising ethics office  has the meaning given the term in section 13101.
13152.
Trade and ownership of covered investments
(a)
Conduct during Federal service
Except as described in subsection (b)(1)(B) and subsections (d) through (f), no covered individual may, directly or indirectly, own or trade a covered investment.
(b)
Compliance
(1)
Requirement
To comply with subsection (a)—
(A)
a covered individual may not purchase a covered investment; and
(B)
a covered individual shall divest of any covered investment by the effective date established in paragraph (2) at fair market value.
(2)
Effective date
The effective date is established as follows:
(A)
180 days for an individual who is a covered individual on the date of enactment of the  Restore Trust in Congress Act .
(B)
90 days within the date on which an individual becomes a covered individual if such date occurs after the date of enactment of the  Restore Trust in Congress Act .
(c)
Certificates of divestiture
(1)
Application of certificate of divestiture program
For purposes of  section 1043  of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986—
(A)
this section shall be treated as a Federal conflict of interest statute;
(B)
any covered individual described in section 13151(2)(A) shall be treated as an eligible person described in section 1043(b)(1)(A) of such Code; and
(C)
any spouse or dependent child described in section 13151(2)(B) shall be treated as an eligible person described in section 1043(b)(1)(B) of such Code.
(2)
Issuance of certificate of divestiture
(A)
In general
Each supervising ethics office shall issue a certificate of divestiture to each covered individual required to divest under this subchapter upon submission of proof of compliance by such individual with the requirements to divest or any extensions granted by the supervising ethics office.
(B)
Eligibility
Such certificate shall include an identification of each specific property eligible for the application of the certificate of divestiture program as determined by the supervising ethics office.
(d)
Occupational exception
A spouse or dependent child of a Member of Congress may trade any covered investment if such covered investment is not owned by a covered individual and if such trade is performed as a function of the primary occupation of the spouse or dependent child.
(e)
Trusts
(1)
Qualified blind trust
Any covered investment held in a qualified blind trust as defined in section 13104(f)(3) shall be divested in accordance with subsection (b)(1)(B) by the effective date established in subsection (b)(2).
(2)
Family trust
A supervising ethics office may grant an exemption for covered investments held in a family trust only if—
(A)
no covered individual—
(i)
is a grantor of the family trust;
(ii)
contributed any covered investment to the family trust; or
(iii)
has any authority over a trustee of the family trust, including the authority to appoint, replace, or direct the actions of such a trustee; and
(B)
the grantor of the family trust is or was a family member of the covered individual.
(3)
Requests
A covered individual seeking an exemption under paragraph (2) shall submit to the applicable supervising ethics office a request for the exemption, in writing, certifying that the conditions described in that paragraph are met.
(f)
Assets acquired in special circumstances
In the event that a covered individual acquires a covered investment after the date of enactment of the  Restore Trust in Congress Act  other than by purchase (such as by marriage, inheritance, divorce settlement, or other circumstance), the covered individual shall have 90 days from the date on which such investment was acquired to divest such covered investment at fair market value.
(g)
Extension
A supervising ethics office may grant a covered individual an extension of time to comply with a divestment deadline under this subchapter if a covered investment cannot be divested by such deadline due to low liquidity, vesting schedules, or contractual restrictions.
(h)
Interpretative guidance
The supervising ethics office shall issue interpretive guidance on any relevant term not defined in this subchapter.
13153.
Penalties
(a)
In general
(1)
Penalties
Any covered individual who violates the restrictions on trading or ownership of covered investments in section 13152 shall, at the direction of the supervising ethics office—
(A)
pay a fee equal to ten percent of the value of the covered investment; and
(B)
disgorge the profits of any transaction that violates the provisions of this subchapter.
(2)
Payment of penalty to Treasury
A penalty imposed under paragraph (1)(B) shall be payable into the Treasury of the United States.
(b)
Payment restrictions
A covered individual who is a Senator or a Member of the House of Representatives, as applicable, may not pay any of the penalties assessed under this section by using amounts from the following sources:
(1)
If the covered individual is a Senator, the Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense Account.
(2)
If the covered individual is a Member of the House of Representatives, the Members’ Representational Allowance.
(3)
Any contribution (as defined in section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 ( 52 U.S.C. 30101 )) accepted as a candidate (as defined in that section), and any other donation received as support for activities of the covered individual as a holder of Federal office (as defined in that section).
(c)
Publication
Each supervising ethics office shall publish on a publicly available website a description of—
(1)
each fine assessed by the supervising ethics office pursuant to this section;
(2)
the reason why each such fine was assessed; and
(3)
the result of each assessment.
  .