Hearings to examine the nominations of Stephen Carmel, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the Maritime Administration, Laura DiBella, of Florida, and Robert Harvey, of Florida, both to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner, and Timothy Petty, of Indiana, to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
Meeting•Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation•Oct 22, 2025 · 10:30 AM
Summary
Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation held a meeting on Oct 22, 2025 at 10:30 AM in Russell Senate Office Building, Room 253.
Record
The meeting has its transcript on the record.
Transcript
The transcript runs to 9,461 lines and 517,965 characters, as the Government Publishing Office printed it.
1[Senate Hearing 119-437]2[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]34 S. Hrg. 119-43756 NOMINATIONS TO THE MARITIME7 ADMINISTRATION, THE FEDERAL MARITIME8 COMMISSION AND THE NATIONAL OCEANIC9 AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION1011=======================================================================1213 HEARING1415 before the1617 COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE,18 SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION19 UNITED STATES SENATE2021 ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS2223 FIRST SESSION2425 __________2627 OCTOBER 22, 20252829 __________3031 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation3233 [GRAPHIC NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]3435 Available online: http://www.govinfo.gov3637 ______3839 U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE404163-981 PDF WASHINGTON : 20264243 SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION4445 ONE HUNDRED NINETEENTH CONGRESS4647 FIRST SESSION4849 TED CRUZ, Texas, Chairman5051JOHN THUNE, South Dakota MARIA CANTWELL, Washington,52ROGER WICKER, Mississippi Ranking53DEB FISCHER, Nebraska AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota54JERRY MORAN, Kansas BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii55DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts56MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee GARY PETERS, Michigan57TODD YOUNG, Indiana TAMMY BALDWIN, Wisconsin58TED BUDD, North Carolina TAMMY DUCKWORTH, Illinois59ERIC SCHMITT, Missouri JACKY ROSEN, Nevada60JOHN CURTIS, Utah BEN RAY LUJAN, New Mexico61BERNIE MORENO, Ohio JOHN HICKENLOOPER, Colorado62TIM SHEEHY, Montana JOHN FETTERMAN, Pennsylvania63SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia ANDY KIM, New Jersey64CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming LISA BLUNT ROCHESTER, Delaware6566 Brad Grantz, Republican Staff Director67 Nicole Christus, Republican Deputy Staff Director68 Lila Harper Helms, Staff Director69 Melissa Porter, Deputy Staff Director7071 C O N T E N T S7273 ----------74 Page75Hearing held on October 22, 2025................................. 176Statement of Senator Cruz........................................ 177Statement of Senator Cantwell.................................... 278Statement of Senator Fischer..................................... 8279Statement of Senator Moreno...................................... 8380Statement of Senator Rosen....................................... 8581Statement of Senator Young....................................... 8782Statement of Senator Klobuchar................................... 8983Statement of Senator Sullivan.................................... 9184Statement of Senator Peters...................................... 9385Statement of Senator Markey...................................... 9586 Letter dated October 20, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria87 Cantwell from Greg Morrison, Executive Vice President,88 National Water Resources Association....................... 9989 Letter dated October 6, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria90 Cantwell from Jimi Netniss, General Manager, Modesto91 Irrigation District and Brad Koehn, General Manager,92 Turlock Irrigation District................................ 9993 Letter dated dated October 9, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.94 Maria Cantwell from Zippy Duvall, President, American Farm95 Bureau Federation.......................................... 10096 Letter dated October 20, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria97 Cantwell from Federico Barajas, Executive Director, San98 Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority....................... 10199 Letter dated October 21, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria100 Cantwell from Mark Yacucci, President, National States101 Geographic Information Council (NSGIC)..................... 102102 Letter dated October 20, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria103 Cantwell from Ian Lyle, Director of Federal Relations,104 Association of California Water Agencies................... 103105 Letter dated October 20, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria106 Cantwell from John Copple, Owner and Chief Executive107 Officer, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc...................... 104108 Letter dated September 22, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.109 Maria Cantwell from Paul Arrington, Executive Director and110 General Counsel, Idaho Water Users Association (IWUA)...... 105111 Letter to Senators from Cary S. Davis, President and CEO,112 American Association of Port Authorities................... 106113 Letter dated September 17, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.114 Maria Cantwell from Adam Vokac, President, Marine115 Engineers' Beneficial Association.......................... 106116 Letter dated September 9, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz from Captain117 Sam Stephenson, J.D., President Emeritus, Florida Harbor118 Pilots Association......................................... 107119 Letter dated August 17, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria120 Cantwell from Marco Poisler, UTC Overseas COO--Global121 Energy & Capital Projects, UTC Overseas, Inc............... 108122 Letter dated September 9, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.123 Maria Cantwell from William P. Doyle, Chief Executive124 Officer, Dredging Contractors of America................... 109125 Letter dated September 19, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon.126 Maria Cantwell from Joseph Edward Farrell III, Chief127 Executive Officer, Resolve Marine.......................... 109128 Letter dated August 14, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria129 Cantwell from Jesus Mejias, President, ECMC................ 110130 Letter dated October 7, 2025 to Hon. Ted Cruz and Hon. Maria131 Cantwell from Representative Mary Dye, Washington State132 House of Representatives, 9th Legislative District......... 111133134 Witnesses135136Hon. Mark Kelly, U.S. Senator from Arizona....................... 4137Hon. James Risch, U.S. Senator from Idaho........................ 5138Stephen M. Carmel, Nominee to be Administrator, Maritime139 Administration................................................. 7140 Prepared statement........................................... 8141 Biographical information..................................... 9142Laura DiBella, Nominee to be a Commissioner, Federal Maritime143 Commission..................................................... 30144 Prepared statement........................................... 31145 Biographical information..................................... 33146Robert Harvey, Nominee to be a Commissioner, Federal Maritime147 Commission..................................................... 46148 Prepared statement........................................... 48149 Biographical information..................................... 49150Timothy Petty, Nominee to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for151 Oceans and Atmosphere, National Oceanic and Atmospheric152 Administration................................................. 62153 Prepared statement........................................... 63154 Biographical information..................................... 64155156 Appendix157158Response to written questions submitted to Stephen M. Carmel by:159 Hon. Ted Cruz................................................ 113160 Hon. Roger Wicker............................................ 114161 Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................ 115162 Hon. Maria Cantwell.......................................... 116163 Hon. Edward Markey........................................... 120164 Hon. Tammy Baldwin........................................... 120165 Hon. Tammy Duckworth......................................... 121166Response to written question submitted to Laura DiBella by:167 Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................ 123168 Hon. Marsha Blackburn........................................ 125169 Hon. Ted Budd................................................ 125170 Hon. Maria Cantwell.......................................... 125171 Hon. Tammy Duckworth......................................... 127172Response to written questions submitted to Robert Harvey by:173 Hon. Marsha Blackburn........................................ 127174 Hon. Ted Budd................................................ 127175 Hon. Maria Cantwell.......................................... 127176 Hon. Tammy Duckworth......................................... 129177Response to written questions submitted to Timothy Petty by:178 Hon. Roger Wicker............................................ 129179 Hon. Dan Sullivan............................................ 130180 Hon. Marsha Blackburn........................................ 133181 Hon. Maria Cantwell.......................................... 134182 Hon. Edward Markey........................................... 137183 Hon. Tammy Duckworth......................................... 138184 Hon. John Hickenlooper....................................... 138185186 NOMINATIONS TO THE MARITIME187 ADMINISTRATION, THE FEDERAL MARITIME188 COMMISSION AND THE NATIONAL OCEANIC189 AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION190191 ----------192193 WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 2025194195 U.S. Senate,196 Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,197 Washington, DC.198 The Committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:30 a.m., in199room SR-253, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. Ted Cruz,200Chairman of the Committee, presiding.201 Present: Senators Cruz, Wicker, Fischer, Sullivan, Young,202Moreno, Sheehy, Cantwell, Klobuchar, Markey, Peters, Rosen, and203Fetterman.204205 OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. TED CRUZ,206 U.S. SENATOR FROM TEXAS207208 Chairman Cruz. Good morning. The Senate Committee on209Commerce, Science, and Transportation will come to order. I210want to welcome two of our colleagues, Senator Risch, Senator211Kelly. We are glad to have you both joining us in this212Committee, at least for a few moments at the opening.213 Today, we will be hearing from four nominees: Stephen214Carmel, nominee for Administrator of the U.S. Maritime215Administration; Laura DiBella and Robert Harvey, nominees for216Commissioners of the Federal Maritime Commission; and Timothy217Petty, nominee for Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans218and Atmosphere and Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic219and Atmospheric Administration. Congratulations to each of you.220 Let's begin with Mr. Petty, who would serve as Deputy221Administrator of NOAA. A geoscientist and an engineer, Mr.222Petty has spent more than two decades on Capitol Hill, where he223is currently a Senior Professional Staff Member for the House224Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. During the225first Trump administration, Mr. Petty served as Assistant226Secretary for Water and Science in the Department of the227Interior. As second-in-command at NOAA, he will draw on his228policy expertise to manage U.S. fisheries programs and to229protect coastal and ocean resources.230 Next are the two Republican nominees for the Federal231Maritime Commission, Laura DiBella and Robert Harvey. Ms.232DiBella previously served as Port Director of the Port of233Fernandina, Executive Director of the Florida Harbor Pilots234Association, and head of Florida's state-level economic235development organization. Mr. Harvey is an attorney with 30-236plus years navigating complex regulatory schemes and promoting237economic development. A former U.S. Navy JAG officer, he238currently leads two public economic development corporations in239Florida.240 Finally, Stephen Carmel, who will draw on decades of241experience to advise the Secretary of Transportation on Federal242maritime policy as Administrator of the Maritime243Administration. A graduate of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy,244Mr. Carmel served on U.S. vessels as a deck officer and245shipmaster before joining Maersk Line, Limited, the largest246operator of U.S. flagged ships. He is well versed in maritime247operations and security, having sat on the Board of Advisors248for the Merchant Marine Academy and the Chief of Naval249Operations Executive Panel. Mr. Carmel will support Secretary250Duffy's efforts to fortify U.S. maritime security,251shipbuilding, and infrastructure.252 Like our nominee, I am concerned that China's maritime253industrial base dwarfs our own. That is why I look forward to254the Administration's forthcoming Maritime Action Plan, which255will address this geopolitical challenge. At the same time, I256continue to believe we need a maritime strategy focused on257attracting capital and removing regulatory barriers, not simply258picking winners and losers. American shipyards can compete259globally without heavy-handed protectionism, but only if they260lean into nascent industries like seabed mining and nuclear-261powered shipping, not those where we are at a distinct262comparative disadvantage.263 Thank you to our nominees for joining us today. I am eager264to hear how each of you will approach Federal maritime policy.265 And with that I recognize Ranking Member Cantwell for her266opening remarks.267268 STATEMENT OF HON. MARIA CANTWELL,269 U.S. SENATOR FROM WASHINGTON270271 Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Carmel, Ms.272DiBella, Mr. Harvey, Mr. Petty, congratulations on your273nominations, and it is good to see our two colleagues here,274Senator Risch and Senator Kelly. I certainly have enjoyed275working with Dr. Petty and Senator Risch on the Columbia River276Treaty for many years. I know firsthand of his legislative277skill set, so congratulations on this nomination.278 Today, we want to discuss the concrete steps our Nation is279taking to invest in our shipyards, our ports, our workforce in280the efforts to build larger ships in the United States. These281investments are not just important international trade issues282for the United States. These are the kinds of investments that283are needed to build our future maritime workforce, our economy,284and support our national defense.285 The good news is there is strong bipartisan support on this286Committee for American shipbuilding, but we need to ensure that287these investments we authorize will be implemented by this288Administration. I look forward to discussing with the nominees289here how we can accomplish that.290 Mr. Carmel, I certainly enjoyed our conversation yesterday.291I truly believe that you have a vision for what needs to292happen, and I appreciate that. You are nominated to be the293Administrator of the U.S. Maritime Administration, the agency294responsible for fostering, promoting, and developing the U.S.295maritime industry. And you clearly have relevant experience,296just starting at the Merchant Marine Academy and continuing as297a Deck Officer Master on U.S.-flagged vessels, and your senior298positions at Maersk. So, I certainly believe you have a keen299view of what needs to be done.300 I believe this experience will serve you well, and I know301that you have expressed concerns about the deterioration of the302U.S. maritime, as you call it, ``ecosystem.'' I share that303word. It is an ecosystem. And just like other ecosystems we304have had to invest in, I look forward to asking you questions305about how critical that is for supply chain issues for the306United States of America, when supply chain issues have become307a dominant issue. COVID proved that to us, and now we have to308think about it and how it relates to very strategic assets and309resources. Senator Risch and I have been partners on a fusion310strategy, and certainly fusion is one of those issues where the311supply chain will be critical.312 Next, Ms. DiBella and Mr. Harvey, it is good to have you313here at the Committee and I see that we have two other Federal314Maritime Commissioners here, so thank you guys--oh, three.315Sorry. Sorry. Thank you for that. Thank you. This speaks to the316Commission's important jurisdiction over ports and317international ocean shipping, and charged with the protection318and interests of U.S. shipping and regulating licenses.319 The FMC, while not a household word, it is certainly320playing a pivotal role for us, as again we saw during COVID.321Importantly, Congress created the Federal Maritime Commission,322and I expect Commissioners to maintain this independence. That323is to say despite various administrations' efforts to undermine324the agency, we want it to continue to remain strong.325 Ms. DiBella, your service as the first female Secretary of326Commerce for the State of Florida, and your tenure as Executive327Director of the Florida Harbor Pilots Association certainly328come with some very relevant experience, and I appreciate that.329 Mr. Harvey, I have not had a chance to visit with you, so I330look forward to hearing more about your Navy JAG experience,331and I hope you will address your view about the Federal FMC332this morning and what you think needs to happen.333 What I would say to you is that we need to continue to be334proactive, that as a more global economy and economic335opportunities are outside the United States, and so much of the336concentration is with foreign carriers--now we are going to337lean on Mr. Carmel, to help change that--but in the meantime,338how do we make sure that there are fair policies and that the339Commission is doing its job in protecting consumers? We do not340want U.S. shippers' product left on docks, we do not want341unfair practices, and we certainly do not want unfair rates.342 Finally, Mr. Petty, as I already mentioned, I am happy to343have worked with you in the past on this important issue of the344Columbia River Treaty. Congratulations on the nomination to the345NOAA Assistant Secretary for Commerce. If confirmed, you will346be responsible for fisheries, habitat, climate resilience, and347many other issues, and I believe that your experience up here348on the Hill will serve you well.349 I hope to hear from you how you will succeed in this350environment, especially when it comes to the essential work351that NOAA does supporting healthy fisheries, the 2.3 million352jobs that depend on a seafood industry, and the important353issues of stock assessment? I think this Committee has been354very, very loud and clear about the importance of stock355assessments. You cannot catch fish if you have not done the356stock assessment, and we need the fisheries to continue to357work.358 This requires providing NOAA with expertise and resources,359and NOAA has lifted the hiring freeze for some weather360personnel, but what about fisheries personnel? We need to get361the stock assessments done; we need the personnel to do them.362So I know my colleague, Senator Sullivan, when he is here, will363agree with this.364 When it comes to protecting our coastal economies,365scientists are not optional. Let's not forget, the President366proposed a 27 percent cut to NOAA's budget, and the agency has367lost at least 576 fisheries staffers, nearly one in five under368this Administration. So I am very, very concerned about that.369 They are seeing real impacts from this. For instance, a370number of our stock assessments in New England have been371canceled this year. A 60-day regulatory freeze led to the372overfishing of the Atlantic bluefin tuna off North Carolina,373and in my state, salmon are incredibly important economically374and culturally, and so we depend on NOAA for this long-term375sustainability. I look forward to asking you questions about376that and what you can do to help correct these issues at the377department.378 Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I again look forward to the379testimony of all the witnesses, and of course, our colleagues380who are here to sing praises on them. Thank you.381 Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Cantwell. I will now turn382to our colleague from the great state of Arizona, Senator383Kelly, to introduce Mr. Carmel. Senator Kelly, welcome back to384the Commerce Committee.385386 STATEMENT OF HON. MARK KELLY,387 U.S. SENATOR FROM ARIZONA388389 Senator Kelly. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chairman Cruz,390Ranking Member Cantwell, and members of the Committee, thank391you for the opportunity to speak today on the nomination of392Steve Carmel to serve as the Administrator of the Maritime393Administration.394 As I know this Committee is painfully aware, the U.S.395maritime industry needs a lot of help. Right now, the U.S.396Federal Government, mostly through the Navy and Coast Guard, is397the primary customer of large--and in the case of the Coast398Guard, not so large--ocean-going vessels built in U.S.399shipyards. And there are only about 80 ships, out of more than40050,000 globally, that fly the U.S. flag in international401commerce. By contrast, China has 5,500 ocean-going merchant402vessels that operate under the Chinese flag. Three in every403four commercial ships built in the next decade will be built in404a Chinese shipyard if we do not do something about it. For405decades, both political parties have made the failed assumption406that we could build our way out of this deficit by just giving407the Navy and Coast Guard additional funding year to year, and408not by actually rethinking how we make the commercial maritime409industry commercially viable in the United States.410 We need to do both. We need policy solutions that include411the private sector, and that is why I am here to support Steve412Carmel's nomination for Maritime Administrator.413 Unlike his immediate predecessors in this job, Steve will414bring four decades of experience working in the commercial415maritime industry. Steve and I both attended the U.S. Merchant416Marine Academy, not at the same time, but we were also both in4176th Company. After graduating, Steve served aboard U.S.-flagged418merchant vessels as a deck officer and a master for the419Maritime Overseas Corporation and Military Sealift Command. He420became a master, which is the captain of the ship, at just 26421years old. For those who don't know the industry well, that is422incredibly fast. He is a talented guy.423 After a decade at sea he transitioned to work ashore for424Maersk Line, Limited and U.S. Marine Management. At a time when425we are facing a shortage of qualified mariners, Steve brings426firsthand knowledge of what it is like to work at sea. He would427be the first Administrator in 20 years to hold an Unlimited428Master's License.429 At a time when we need to incentivize ship owners from430around the world to invest in the U.S.-flagged fleet and U.S.431shipyards, Steve will bring a private sector perspective to our432efforts to rebuild the U.S. maritime industry. Steve433understands we need to reform how dated regulations and find434innovative strategies to put more cargo on U.S. flagged435vessels.436 At a time when there is bipartisan momentum to rebuild437America'a maritime industry, as indicated by both the SHIPS for438America Act and President Trump's Executive Order on Maritime439Dominance, we need leaders at MARAD who can hit the ground440running on day one. And I believe Steve Carmel is the right441leader for this moment, and can do that. I know that he will442demonstrate his thoughtfulness and depth of knowledge of the443industry at today's hearing, and I hope his nomination will be444quickly advanced. We need him in this job.445 The motto at King's Point, our alma mater, is ``Acta Non446Verba--Deeds, Not Words.'' Steve is a leader of action, and it447is my pleasure to introduce him to the Committee today. Thank448you.449 Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Kelly, and I appreciate450you bringing a little bit of Latin into this hearing. That is451the level of erudition we try to avoid in the Senate Commerce452Committee.453 I now welcome our colleague from the great state of Idaho,454Senator Risch, to introduce Dr. Petty. Senator Risch, welcome455to the Commerce Committee.456457 STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES RISCH,458 U.S. SENATOR FROM IDAHO459460 Senator Risch. Well, thank you, Chairman Cruz and Ranking461Member Cantwell. Thank you so much for allowing me to speak462here today. It is a real honor and privilege, personally, to463introduce Dr. Tim Petty, who has been nominated to be Assistant464Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.465 Tim was an integral part and member of my staff for many466years and continues to be a trusted friend, and in addition to467that, he comes in from time to time and keeps me up-to-date on468things that are happening that are in his lane, and I truly469appreciate that.470 Tim brings a deep and informed understanding of the complex471intersection between water policy and scientific research472through a rare combination of technical expertise and473legislative experience in both houses. Tim's experiences as a474senior legislative staff in both chambers give him holistic475understanding of various water and natural resource challenges476and a long history of working with his colleagues on a477bipartisan basis to solve problems.478 He has also served under both President Bush and President479Trump at the Department of the Interior, including serving as480President Trump's first term as the Assistant Secretary for481Water and Science, a post he was confirmed by the Senate482unanimously to. In his role, he oversaw the USGS and the Bureau483of Reclamation, solving Western water issues and collaborating484on an interagency basis with the U.S. Army Corps and NOAA.485 Particularly close to home for Ranking Member Cantwell and486I both, Tim has specific experience working in the Columbia487River basin. We have an issue there right now that is488incredibly important to both Senator Cantwell and I and our489constituents in the region. And as I said, it is bipartisan,490and it is incredibly important. In his last stint at the491agency, he represented Interior as part of the United States492negotiating entity for the Columbia River Treaty, and worked493with Senator Cantwell and I both as we represented the494Northwest in the Senate through treaty negotiations.495 These have been long--dare I say, Senator Cantwell?--and496difficult and complex. I think we are actually seeing some497light at the end of the tunnel. There is starting to be some498movement. And Senator Cantwell and I have worked on this for499years and years. We have been ably guided by Tim, who has500helped us through this very complex web of negotiations.501 In addition to his extraordinary qualifications, what502cannot be overstated is his character. Tim is a true public503servant, and has answered the call time and again to give his504time and talent to the American people. Having worked closely505with Tim since I came to the Senate I can confidently say he506brings thoughtful, measured judgment to every issue he507encounters, treats others with respect, and approaches508leadership roles with humility.509 Tim has built a distinguished career in public service, and510is exceptionally well-prepared to serve as the Assistant511Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. His expertise512and experience will be an incredible asset to the Department of513Commerce and to our country.514 Again, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, thank you515for the Committee's consideration and considering Tim Petty's516nomination. Thank you so much.517 Chairman Cruz. Thank you, Senator Risch, and I certainly518appreciated the movie reference to ``A Few Good Men,'' as you519looked up like Jack Nicholson and said, ``What kind of shoddy520operation are you running here,'' with microphones that don't521operate.522 Senator Risch. I was more diplomatic than that.523 Chairman Cruz. You know, we can't handle the truth. I will524say four staffers have lost their job already in the time since525you said that.526 I now recognize Mr. Carmel for his opening statement.527528 STATEMENT OF STEPHEN CARMEL, NOMINEE TO BE ADMINISTRATOR,529 MARITIME ADMINISTRATION530531 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, and thank you to Senator Kelly for532the kind introduction. Good morning, Chairman Cruz, Ranking533Member Cantwell, and members of the Committee. Thank you for534allowing me to be here today. I am honored to appear before you535as the nominee for the position of Maritime Administrator.536Please permit me to introduce my wife, Alison, a Navy veteran537from a long line of Coast Guard officers, and our sons, John538and Greg, who are here with me today.539 I graduated from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Class of5401979, and went to sea immediately thereafter. I sailed541steadily, earned my Master's license, and commanded ships that542sailed every corner of the world. My time at sea was marked by543many more highlights than I could recount here, but perhaps the544most meaningful was my service in the Arctic, an experience545that sparked a lifelong fascination with that region and546inspired much of my later academic work.547 After coming ashore, I held a variety of executive548positions with Maersk Line, Limited, the U.S.-flag subsidiary549of one of the world's largest shipping companies, and later550became President of U.S. Marine Management, my current551position, following our acquisition by Maritime Partners, the552leading Jones Act provider of vessel leasing and construction553financing. I also returned to graduate school and collected a554few extra initials along the way.555 Throughout my shoreside career, I and my colleagues have556faced many challenges, ranging from two Middle East wars to the557complex logistics of supporting operations in Afghanistan;558revolts in Angola and inland grain movements in Russia; piracy559off Somalia's coast; and even an earthquake and nuclear560disaster in Japan. Those experiences taught me many things, but561two lessons stand out. First, maritime strength depends on562people, and it must be built long before a crisis occurs. And563leadership is about execution, accountability, and partnership.564 I have been fortunate to work, both at sea and ashore,565alongside some of the finest men and women this country has to566offer, and I am very proud of all that we accomplished567together. But now, if given the honor of a confirmation, it is568time to take up a new challenge.569 We are a formidable naval power, but we are not a true570maritime power. For more than 150 years, we have searched for a571maritime policy that works, even as our industrial capacity has572declined to a point of near irrelevance, both in our ability to573carry our own commerce and the ability to build the ships that574do it. We have outsourced those capabilities and we have575sacrificed much of our independence in the process.576 A strong maritime sector is not nostalgia. It is strategy.577It means resilient supply chains we control, credible logistics578for our joint forces, good jobs across our coasts, rivers, and579Great Lakes, and the freedom to move what America needs, when580and where America needs it, under our own flag.581 We have done hard things before. With this Committee's582guidance, and in partnership with labor and industry, we can do583them again. We will not be the generation that stood on the584sidelines and passively watched our noble industry die. We will585be the generation that rebuilds it--stronger, smarter, and586ready to answer the call.587 If confirmed, I will work in a spirit of partnership to588meet our challenges, and overcome them, uphold the traditions589of my alma mater, and live by its motto, at the risk of Senator590Kelly's repeating them: Acta Non verba--deeds, not words.591 Thank you, and I stand by for your questions.592 [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.593Carmel follow:]594595 Prepared Statement of Stephen M. Carmel, Nominee to be Administrator,596 Maritime Administration597 Good morning, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Members598of the Committee. Thank you for allowing me to be here today. I am599honored to appear before you as the nominee for the position of600Maritime Administrator. Please permit me to introduce my wife, Alison--601a Navy Veteran from a long line of Coast Guard officers--and our sons,602John and Greg, who are here with me today.603 I graduated from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Class of 1979,604and went to sea immediately thereafter. I sailed steadily, earned my605Master's license, and commanded ships that traveled to every corner of606the world. My time at sea was marked by more highlights than I could607recount here, but perhaps the most meaningful was my service in the608Arctic--an experience that sparked a lifelong fascination with that609region and inspired much of my later academic work.610 After coming ashore, I held a variety of executive positions with611Maersk Line, Limited--the U.S.-flag subsidiary of one of the world's612largest shipping companies--and later became President of U.S. Marine613Management, my current position, following our acquisition by Maritime614Partners, the leading Jones Act provider of vessel leasing and615construction financing.616 I also returned to graduate school and collected a few extra617initials behind my name. Throughout my shoreside career, my colleagues618and I faced challenges ranging from two Middle East wars to the complex619logistics of supporting operations in Afghanistan; revolts in Angola620and inland grain movements in Russia; piracy off Somalia's coast; and621even an earthquake and nuclear disaster in Japan.622 Those experiences taught me many things, but two lessons stand out.623First, maritime strength depends on people--and it must be built long624before a crisis occurs. Second, leadership is about execution,625accountability, and partnership.626 I have been fortunate to work, both at sea and ashore, alongside627some of the finest men and women this country has to offer, and I am628proud of all that we accomplished together.629 Now, if given the honor of confirmation, it is time to take up a630new challenge.631 We are a formidable naval power, but we are not yet a true maritime632power. For more than 150 years, we have searched for a maritime policy633that works, even as our industrial capacity has steadily declined--both634in our ability to carry our own commerce and to build the ships that do635it. We have outsourced those capabilities and, with that, much of our636independence.637 A strong maritime sector is not nostalgia--it's strategy. It means638resilient supply chains we control; credible logistics for our joint639forces; good jobs across our coasts, rivers, and Great Lakes; and the640freedom to move what America needs, when and where America needs it--641under our own flag.642 We have done hard things before. With this Committee's guidance,643and in partnership with labor and industry, we can do them again. We644will not be the generation that stood on the sidelines and passively645watched our noble industry die. We will be the generation that rebuilt646it--stronger, smarter, faster, and ready.647 If confirmed, I will work in a spirit of partnership to meet our648challenges, uphold the traditions of my alma mater, and live by its649motto: Acta non verba--deeds, not words.650 Thank you, and I stand ready for your questions.651 ______652653 a. biographical information654 1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Stephen655Michael Carmel.656 2. Position to which nominated: Administrator, U.S. Maritime657Administration.658 3. Date of Nomination: May 6, 2025.659 4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):660661 Residence: Information not released to the public.662 Office: Information not provided.663664 5. Date and Place of Birth: Washington, DC.665 6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your666spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your667children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).668669 Wife: Alison Parker. Program Manager. On administrative/670 terminal leave from Military Sealift Command, U.S. Navy pending671 retirement 31 Dec, 2025 (took the Federal buy-out program)672673 Children: John A. Carmel (24 years old); Stepchildren from674 Alison Parker: Gregory E Cyrus (42 years old), Ashley M Cyrus675 (46 years old); Stepchild from Maria E. Carmel (died from676 cancer in 1997); Stephanie Hemingson-Carmel (approximate age 49677 years old) (Lost touch with her when her mother died).678679 7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not680you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the681institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of682the degree.683684 B.S., Marine Transportation, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy685 (1975-1979)686687 M.B.A., Old Dominion University (1991-1993)688689 M.A., Economics, Old Dominion University (1994-1996)690691 Ph.D., International Studies, Old Dominion University (2010-692 2018)693694 All But Dissertation (ABD): Completed course work/695 comprehensives but not dissertation.696697 Advanced Management Program Certificate Program, Ross School of698 Business, University of Michigan (2011)699700 8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,701name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all702management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to703the position for which you are nominated.704705 President, U.S. Marine Management (spin off From Maersk) (1993-706 Present).707 Various positions, Maersk Line Limited:708 Member, Board of Directors (1997-2005)709 Senior Vice President (1997-2023)710711 Various positions, U.S. Marine Management (subsidiary of712 Maersk):713 Vice President of Finance (1995-1997)714 Program Manager (1989-1995)715 Ships officer/Master: Maritime Overseas Corp, Military716 Sealift Command (1979-1989)717718 Note: every position listed is managerial.719 9. Attach a copy of your resume. Attached.720 10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time721service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other722than those listed above after 18 years of age.723724 Board of Visitors, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy--Served as an725 appointee of President Trump during his first term (2018-2021)726727 Naval Studies Board, National Academies of Science (Term ended728 in 2021)729730 Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel (2006-2016)731732 Marine Board, National Academies of Science (Term ended in733 2014)734735 Hydrographic Services Review Board, NOAA (Term ended in 2014)736737 Senior Fellow, George Washington University Homeland Security738 Policy Institute (2009)739740 Adjunct Professor of Economics, Old Dominion University (early741 2000s time frame).742743 11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,744partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any745corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,746educational, or other institution.747748 Board of Directors, Hampton Roads World Affairs Council (2020-749 2025)750751 Board of Directors, Maersk Line Limited (1997-2005)752753 Trustee, Old Dominion University Research Foundation754 (Approximate dates: 2010-2013)755756 12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or757currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,758political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously759affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization760(You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a761religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership762and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note763whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis764of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.765 I have never belonged to any organization, including the below766listed, that restricts membership on the basis of sex, race, color,767religion, national origin, age, or disability.768769 Current:770771 American Bureau of Shipping772773 World Affairs Council Hampton Roads Chapter (2020 to present)774775 Royal United Services Institute (2022 to present)776777 Chatham House (2022-present)778779 International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022 to780 ppresent)781782 U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Alumni (1979 to present)783784 Past:785786 International Studies Association (2010-2018) (approx.)787788 American Economic Association (1994-2000) (approx.)789790 Institute of Management Accountants (1992-1996) (approx.)791792 13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office793(elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any794campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are795personally liable for that debt. No.796 14. List all memberships and offices held with and services797rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or798election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid799position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether800compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,801identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year802of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.803 15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign804organization, political party, political action committee, or similar805entity of $200 or more for the past ten years.806807 Maersk Inc. Political Action Committee, 04/30/2015, $200808809 During my tenure as an executive with Maersk Line Limited I810contributed to the Maersk Political Action Committee fund as all senior811executives did. I did not control or even input into how the PAC812distributed the money813 16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary814society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition815for outstanding service or achievements.816817 Meritorious Public Service Medal, Awarded by CNO Richardson, 18818 Jan, 2017819 2009 George Washington University Homeland Security Policy820 Institute Senior Fellow821822 17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,823Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,824individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when825possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the826publication when available.827 See Addendum.828 18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,829PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for830which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when831possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the832speech or presentation when available.833 See Addendum provided via separate correspondence.834 19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten835years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and836television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position837for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to838each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a839digital copy of the statement when available.840841 Endorsement supporting Ships for America Act, April 2025842 Quoted in Wall street Journal Article https://www.wsj.com/843 politics/ national-security/why-the-u-s-military-has-to-hitch-844 a-ride-on-commercial-ships-845 58d0ece9?st=1enwuZ&reflink=article_e-mail_share846847 I know I was quoted in news articles about Maersk Line Limited848business but do not have specific examples as it was just a routine849part of business850 20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other851digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated852an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your853name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',854including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used855on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,856deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.857858 Linked In--Stephen Carmel (Active)859 X (Twitter)--@StephenCar73193 (Active)860861 21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified862orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-863governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject864matter of each testimony.865 Testimony to Standing Senate Committee on Security and Defense,866Canadian Parliament, 2007. The Testimony was as a subject matter expert867on Arctic Shipping. Report below. Prepared comments included in the868Speeches addendum. https://sencanada.ca/content/ sen/committee/403/869defe/rep/rep07mar11-e.pdf870 22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major871operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation872to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment873experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment874to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish875to serve in that position?876 I graduated from the Merchant Marine Academy in 1979 and have lived877my entire professional life fulfilling the mission of the Academy. I878have served as a deck officer and master primarily on tankers in879international trade. I have served in a variety of positions in880executive management for a major international shipping company. In881those capacities, I have done everything contemplated in President882Trump's Executive Order on Maritime Strategy and the related Ships for883America Act. Therefore, I have deep knowledge of the U.S. maritime884industry and the people that work in it. Concurrent with that, I have885served in a variety of positions on Navy committees and organizations,886hence developing a deep understanding of the relationship between the887maritime industry and national and economic security. In those roles I888have often conducted studies, participated in war games, and other889exercises at both the classified and unclassified level, probing issues890such as contested logistics. I have also developed expertise in Arctic891security issues, particularly arctic shipping and its relation to892national security. I have also developed an expertise in the893international security aspects of globalization and globalized supply894chains, topics on which I speak often and taught a seminar for the895Advanced Maritime Operations Course for Naval Intelligence. My896background positions me well to make an immediate impact on the mission897of MARAD I believe firmly in our industry and this industry has898provided me with great opportunity. I believe it is my obligation to899serve if called to pay back for that opportunity. The industry is in900desperate need of revitalization, now is the greatest potential for901that to happen in generations and the opportunity may never come again.902Those factors combined motivate me to want to serve in the capacity of903Maritime Administrator, if confirmed, and make a positive contribution904to our industry.905 23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to906ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper907management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in908managing a large organization?909 I have extensive experience leading large organizations, sometimes910through difficult transitions such as that facing the Maritime911Administration now. During such times especially proper controls,912transparency, and clear communication are essential to a successful913outcome. The fundamentals of organizational change are-or should be-914consistent whether in government or private industry, therefore my past915experience in the industry will be directly applicable in successfully916leading MARAD should I be confirmed. From my experience as a corporate917executive, responsibility for proper management and accounting in the918organizations for which I was responsible can be grouped into several919overarching areas:920921 Remember who I work for and my responsibilities to the922 owners and other stakeholders. Ensure the assets of the owners923 (including their reputation and the reputation of the firm) are924 preserved. Ensure responsibilities to employees and larger925 society are met.926927 Establish the proper environment--Demonstrate ethical928 behavior, commitment to proper governance, and act with929 integrity. Ensure roles and responsibilities are clearly930 defined and accountability for decisions enforced. Establish an931 environment that promotes transparency and accountability.932933 Design and implement proper internal controls including934 policies and procedures that are efficient, effective, and935 routinely tested or audited. Ensure auditors are properly936 supported in their role and ensure audit or other governance937 reports are received directly and unfiltered. Establish938 effective relationships with finance and internal control939 teams, including regular review of financial statements and940 ensure understanding of deviations from plan.941942 Establish a strong internal and external communication943 routine with all stakeholders.944945 Per my resume, I have had several executive leadership positions946ashore with Maersk Line Limited (MLL)--the largest U.S. flag shipping947company in the country (at the time about 60 ships), including approx.94840 percent of the tonnage in the Maritime Security Program, including949time on the Board of Directors, and a $1.5B company responsibly for950several thousand staff including sea staff. I am presently President of951a tanker company after spin off from MLL responsible for 6 ships and952full P and L responsibility to the board and roughly 400 staff at sea953and afloat.954 24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the955department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?956957 1. The deterioration of the U.S. maritime industry in terms of U.S.958 flag shipping and commercial shipbuilding to the point they are959 now irrelevant as a factor in U.S. economic security and hence960 incapable of fulfilling any national security mission,961 including executing the complex logistics mission any conflict962 with China would require. In addition, the U.S. port system963 ranks poorly in international standings for port productivity.964 Lastly the U.S. internal waterway system is in desperate need965 to upgrade and repair, receiving a C-from the ASCE, and having966 a $7.5B backlog in needed repairs in 2025. The internal967 waterway system is essential to agricultural and manufacturing968 sectors in the Midwest and a significant failure could have969 grievous consequences for the national economy.970971 2. A serious shortage of maritime labor, both seagoing and for972 shipbuilding and repair. A revitalization of the U.S. maritime973 industry cannot happen without significant investment in974 skilled workforce development starting at the high school975 level. This also include ``fixing'' the U.S. Merchant Marine976 Academy, which is in dire need of investment and attention.977978 3. Lack of a coherent strategy that ties all elements of the979 maritime industry (the Blue Economy) together as a system,980 unambiguously and clearly ties the industry and solutions to981 its challenges to broader national and economic security plans,982 policies and objectives, and provides for specific actionable983 programs to remedy the problems stated above with adequate and984 sustainable sources of funding.985 b. potential conflicts of interest986 1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation987agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,988clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement989accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan.990 My arrangements are fully described in Part 3 of my Public991Financial Disclosure Report. A list of these arrangements and992agreements is below.993994 I have vested restricted stock units in an independent stock995 plan as part of a long-term incentive program from my former996 employer, Maersk Line Limited. Maersk will accelerate the997 unlocking of my vested restricted stock units. I will forfeit998 restricted stock units valued over and above $10,000 and will999 be awarded only up to $10,000 in Maersk stock prior to assuming1000 my position as Administrator, if confirmed. I will divest my1001 interests in Maersk as soon as practicable but not later than1002 90 days after my confirmation.10031004 I have a defined contribution plan (401K plan) with U.S.1005 Marine Management. I will continue to participate in this1006 defined contribution plan. The plan's sponsor will not make1007 further contributions after my separation.10081009 I will receive a severance payment upon my separation from1010 U.S. Marine Management for $50,000. The amount of the payment1011 is determined at the discretion of the owners and has already1012 been fixed by the company. This payment will be paid to me1013 prior to assuming the duties of the position of Administrator1014 (if confirmed) or I will forfeit it.10151016 2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,1017to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,1018association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,1019please explain. No.1020 3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other1021relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in1022the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will1023resolve each potential conflict of interest.1024 In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with1025the Office of Government Ethics and the Department of Transportation1026(``DOT'') Designated Agency Ethics Official to identify potential1027conflicts of interest. Any potential conflicts of interest will be1028resolved consistent with the terms of an ethics agreement I have1029entered into with the DOT Designated Agency Ethics Official, which has1030been provided to this Committee. I am not aware of any other conflicts1031of interest.1032 4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial1033transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for1034yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in1035any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the1036position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve1037each potential conflict of interest.1038 In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with1039the Office of Government Ethics and the Department of Transportation1040(``DOT'') Designated Agency Ethics Official to identify potential1041conflicts of interest. Any potential conflicts of interest will be1042resolved consistent with the terms of an ethics agreement I have1043entered into with the DOT Designated Agency Ethics Official, which has1044been provided to this Committee. I am not aware of any other conflicts1045of interest.1046 5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain1047how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest.1048 In connection with the nomination process, I have consulted with1049the Office of Government Ethics and the Department of Transportation1050(``DOT'') Designated Agency Ethics Official to identify potential1051conflicts of interest. Any potential conflicts of interest will be1052resolved consistent with the terms of an ethics agreement I have1053entered into with the DOT Designated Agency Ethics Official, which has1054been provided to this Committee. I am not aware of any other conflicts1055of interest.1056 6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the1057names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the1058purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or1059modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and1060execution of law or public policy. None.1061 c. legal matters1062 1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,1063professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a1064complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special1065Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary1066committee, or other professional group? If yes:1067 No.10681069 a. Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or1070 group;10711072 b. Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or1073 personnel action was issued or initiated;10741075 c. Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or1076 personnel action;10771078 d. Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,1079 complaint, or personnel action.10801081 2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by1082any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,1083State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for1084a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. No.1085 3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were1086an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency1087proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please1088explain.1089 As a U.S. flag ship operator, our mariners are not eligible for1090workman's compensation for work related injuries. They are required to1091seek compensation via the courts which is normal for our industry.1092Therefore, the case list is extensive. See Attachment A for a complete1093list.1094 4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo1095contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic1096offense? If so, please explain. No.1097 5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual1098assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,1099race, religion, or any other basis? If so, please explain. No.1100 6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,1101favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in1102connection with your nomination. None.1103 d. relationship with committee1104 1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/1105corporation complies with deadlines for information set by1106congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/1107corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information1108from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in1109the minority?1110 Yes, I will ensure that my office responds, timely, to such1111requests for information as appropriate.1112 2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/1113corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and1114whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures?1115 Yes, I will ensure that my office responds as appropriate.1116 3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested1117witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with1118firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee?1119 Yes, I will ensure that my office keeps the Committee appraised as1120appropriate.1121 4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly1122constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be1123reasonably requested to do so? Yes, I will ensure that my office1124responds as appropriate.1125 ______11261127[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]11281129 FEDERAL CASES11301131 Date1132 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed11331134Maersk Line, 1:1990cv00628 Lapetri v. Maersk Line New York Eastern 2/22/1990 10/25/19901135 Limited District Court1136Maersk Line, 1:1990cv00628 Lapetri v. Maersk Line New York Eastern 2/22/1990 10/25/19901137 Limited District Court1138Maersk Line, 1:1990cv00628 Lapetri v. Maersk Line New York Eastern 2/22/1990 10/25/19901139 Limited District Court1140Maersk Line, 1:1991cv01747 Harris v. Maersk Line, New York Southern 3/13/1991 4/30/19911141 Limited Limited District Court1142Maersk Line, 1:1992cv00453 Maersk Line, Ltd v. Alabama Southern 6/2/1992 2/17/19931143 Limited Smith District Court1144Maersk Line, 1:1992cv00453 Maersk Line, Ltd v. Alabama Southern 6/2/1992 2/17/19931145 Limited Smith District Court1146Maersk Line, 1:1992cv04209 Maersk Line, Limited New York Southern 6/8/1992 10/30/19921147 Limited v. South East District Court1148 Atlantic1149Maersk Line, 2:1992cv00791 Allred v. Maersk line Virginia Eastern 10/6/1992 2/24/19951150 Limited District Court1151Maersk Line, 3:1993cv00283 Falk v. Maersk Line, California Northern 1/25/1993 11/8/19931152 Limited Limited District Court1153Maersk Line, 2:1993cv00742 Najah v. Maersk Line, New Jersey District 2/22/1993 6/22/19941154 Limited Limited, et al Court1155Maersk Line, 0:1993cv.pr02029 Allred v. Maersk Line, U.S. Court of Appeals, 8/17/1993 9/13/19941156 Limited Limited Fourth Circuit1157Maersk Line, 2:1996cv03273 Small v. Maersk Line, New Jersey District 7/5/1996 2/13/19981158 Limited Limited, et al Court1159Maersk Line, 2:1997cv00299 Sargent v. Maersk Pennsylvania Eastern 1/14/1997 11/5/19971160 Limited Line, Limited District Court1161Maersk Line, 2:1997cv04175 Zolinas v. Maersk Pennsylvania Eastern 6/20/1997 8/7/19971162 Limited Line, Limited District Court1163Maersk Line, 1:1998ap05601 Devan and Maersk Line, Maryland Bankruptcy 2/23/1998 6/11/19991164 Limited Limited Court1165Maersk Line, 1:1999cv01122 Sang v. American Of, New York Eastern 2/26/1999 9/28/20011166 Limited et al District Court1167Maersk Line, 1:1999cv01122 Sang v. American Of, New York Eastern 2/26/1999 9/28/20011168 Limited et al District Court1169Maersk Line, 3:1999cv00194 Hall v. Maersk Inc., Texas Southern 3/29/1999 8/4/19991170 Limited et al District Court1171Maersk Line, 3:1999cv00331 Laffitte v. Maersk Texas Southern 6/2/1999 6/7/20001172 Limited Line, Limited District Court1173Maersk Line, 1:1999cv00560 Maersk Line, Limited Alabama Southern 6/16/1999 9/29/20001174 Limited v. Laffitte District Court1175Maersk Line, 1:1999cv00689 Maersk Line, Limited Alabama Southern 7/26/1999 3/31/20001176 Limited v. Juzang District Court1177Maersk Line, 33:1999cv00808 Hall v. USA, et al Florida Middle 8/10/1999 1/18/20011178 Limited District Court1179Maersk Line, 1:1999cv00766 Maersk Line, Ltd v. Alabama Southern 8/20/1999 2/22/20001180 Limited Dansley, et al District Court1181Maersk Line, 3:1999cv00761 Martin v. Maersk Line, Texas Southern 12/10/1999 3/17/20001182 Limited Limited District Court1183Maersk Line, 0:2000pcf40710 Laffitte v. Maersk U.S. Court of Appeals, 6/27/2000 6/12/20011184 Limited Line, Limited Fifth Circuit1185Maersk Line, 0:2000pcf40740 Laffitte v. Maersk U.S. Court of Appeals, 6/30/2000 6/12/20011186 Limited Line, Limited Fifth Circuit1187Maersk Line, 2:2001cv03119 Young v. United Pennsylvania Eastern 6/22/2001 8/26/20021188 Limited States, et al District Court1189Maersk Line, 2:2001cv04616 Thompson v. Maersk New Jersey District 10/1/2001 5/27/20051190 Limited Line, Limited Court1191Maersk Line, 1:2001cv09689 U.S. Ship Management New York Southern 11/2/2001 2/27/20021192 Limited v. Maersk Line, District Court1193 Limited1194Maersk Line, 1:2002cv00603 Koen v. Maersk Line, Alabama Southern 8/8/2002 9/11/20021195 Limited Ltd, et al District Court1196Maersk Line, 1:2002cv08923 MacCollister v. New York Southern 11/8/2002 1/26/20051197 Limited Expediter Transport, District Court1198 et al1199Maersk Line, 2:2002cv00906 Kennedy v. Maersk Virginia Eastern 11/19/2002 3/9/20041200 Limited Line, Limited, et al District Court1201Maersk Line, 0:2003pcf30021 Scardina v. Maersk U.S. Court of Appeals, 1/8/2003 2/5/20031202 Limited Line Ltd Fifth Circuit1203Maersk Line, 0:2003cv60033 Adams v. Maersk Line, Florida Southern 1/10/2003 9/24/20041204 Limited Limited District Court1205Maersk Line, 0:2003pcf40418 Fanos v. Maersk Line, U.S. Court of Appeals, 3/27/2003 3/10/20041206 Limited Ltd. et al Fifth Circuit1207Maersk Line, 1:2003cv00951 U.S. Ship Management, District of Columbia 4/29/2003 3/4/20051208 Limited Inc. v. U.S. Maritime District Court1209 Administration1210Maersk Line, 1:2003bk80215 Baltimore Marine Maryland Bankruptcy 6/11/2003 2/3/20111211 Limited Industries, Inc. Court1212Maersk Line, 1:2003ap05300 Maersk Line, Limited Maryland Bankruptcy 7/3/2003 5/19/20041213 Limited and Baltimore Marine Court1214 Industries, Inc.1215Maersk Line, 1:2003ap08040 Baltimore Marine Maryland Bankruptcy 7/8/2003 5/19/20041216 Limited Industries, Inc. and Court1217 Maersk Line, Limited1218Maersk Line, 1:2003ap08154 Maersk Line, Limited Maryland Bankruptcy 7/31/2003 5/19/20101219 Limited and Ocean Technical Court1220 Services Corp.1221Maersk Line, 1:2003ap08154 Maersk Line, Limited Maryland Bankruptcy 7/31/2003 5/19/20101222 Limited and Ocean Technical Court1223 Services Corp.1224Maersk Line, 1:2003ap08154 Maersk Line, Limited Maryland Bankruptcy 7/31/2003 5/19/20101225 Limited and Ocean Technical Court1226 Services Corp.1227Maersk Line, 1:2003cv07459 MC Logistics Limited v New York Southern 9/23/2003 9/14/20051228 Limited M/V ``Dirch Maersk``, District Court1229 et al1230Maersk Line, 3:2003cv00890 Smalls v. USA, et al Florida Middle 10/20/2003 7/8/20041231 Limited District Court1232Maersk Line, 1:2003cv09669 Adolph Jahn & Co. Gmbh New York Southern 12/5/2003 4/2/20041233 Limited v. M/V Sealand District Court1234 Performance et al1235Maersk Line, 2:2004cv70216 Westfall v. United Michigan Eastern 1/22/2004 5/28/20041236 Limited States of America District Court1237Maersk Line, 1:2004cv00825 Lyons v. Maersk Line Illinois Northern 2/2/2004 2/5/20041238 Limited Ltd District Court1239Maersk Line, 2:2004cv00114 Dempster v. Maersk Virginia Eastern 2/27/2004 11/9/20041240 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1241Maersk Line, 1:2004cv02504 U.S. Ship Management, New York Southern 3/31/2004 1/6/20051242 Limited Inc. v. Maersk Line, District Court1243 Limited1244Maersk Line, 1:2004cv20913 Wright v. Maersk Line, Florida Southern 4/16/2004 6/22/20041245 Limited Limited District Court1246Maersk Line, 1:2004cv05666 Maersk Line, Limited New York Southern 7/19/2004 10/5/20041247 Limited v. U.S. Ship District Court1248 Management, Inc.1249Maersk Line, 0:2004cvus05299 US Ship Mgmt v. U.S. U.S. Court of Appeals, 8/27/2004 3/3/20051250 Limited Maritime Admin D.C. Circuit1251Maersk Line, 1:2004cv07661 U.S. Ship Management, New York Southern 9/28/2004 3/9/20051252 Limited Inc. v. Maersk Line, District Court1253 Limited1254Maersk Line, 2:2004cv04994 Benson v. Maersk Line, New Jersey District 10/13/2004 10/11/20051255 Limited Limited et al Court1256Maersk Line, 0:2004cv.pr02387 US Ship Mgmt, et al v. U.S. Court of Appeals, 11/4/2004 11/18/20041257 Limited Maersk Line Fourth Circuit1258Maersk Line, 0:2004cv.pr02387 US Ship Mgmt, et al v. U.S. Court of Appeals, 11/4/2004 11/18/20041259 Limited Maersk Line Fourth Circuit1260Maersk Line, 1:2005mc00001 U.S. Ship Management Virginia Eastern 1/6/2005 2/14/20051261 Limited v. Maersk Line, District Court1262 Limited1263Maersk Line, 1:2005mc00101 U.S. Ship Management District of Columbia 2/24/2005 11/21/20061264 Limited Inc v. Maersk Line, District Court1265 Limited1266Maersk Line, 2:2005cv01447 Liberty Global New York Eastern 3/18/2005 10/7/20051267 Limited Logistic LLC v. District Court1268 United States1269 Maritime1270 Administration et al1271Maersk Line, 2:2005cv00260 Brooks v. Maersk Line, Virginia Eastern 5/4/2005 10/24/20051272 Limited Limited District Court1273Maersk Line, 1:2005cv01441 Grochal v. Maersk Maryland District 5/27/2005 1/9/20061274 Limited Line, Limited et al Court1275Maersk Line, 1:2005cv06245 Hanback v. Maersk New York Southern 7/7/2005 5/30/20081276 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1277Maersk Line, 1:2005cv06246 Wilson v. Maersk Line, New York Southern 7/7/2005 4/3/20081278 Limited Limited et al District Court1279Maersk Line, 4:2005cv40187 Valentine v. Maersk Massachuetts District 10/21/2005 9/20/20071280 Limited Line, Limited Court1281Maersk Line, 2:2005cv00747 Maersk Line, Limited Virginia Eastern 12/21/2005 10/30/20061282 Limited v. The United States District Court1283 of America1284Maersk Line, 4:2005cv04382 Royal Cargo Line, Inc. Texas Southern 12/29/2005 5/8/20061285 Limited v. M/V Sea-land Comet District Court1286 et al1287Maersk Line, 3:2006cv00087 Dickey v. Maersk Line, Texas Southern 2/14/2006 11/1/20061288 Limited Limited District Court1289Maersk Line, 0:2006bk.dc01206 Grochal, et al v. U.S. Court of Appeals, 2/17/2006 2/9/20071290 Limited Ocean Technical Svcs, Fourth Circuit1291 et al1292Maersk Line, 3:2006cv00199 Teferi v. Maersk Line, Texas Southern 3/30/2006 1/12/20071293 Limited Limited District Court1294Maersk Line, 4:2006cv01362 Capt Craig Towing, LLC Texas Southern 4/19/2006 6/25/20081295 Limited District Court1296Maersk Line, 4:2006cv01362 Capt Craig Towing, LLC Texas Southern 4/19/2006 6/25/20081297 Limited District Court1298Maersk Line, 4:2006cv01362 Capt Craig Towing, LLC Texas Southern 4/19/2006 6/25/20081299 Limited District Court1300Maersk Line, 2:2006mc50625 Equal Employment Michigan Eastern 6/28/20061301 Limited Opportunity District Court1302 Commission v. Maersk1303 Line, Limited1304Maersk Line, 2:2006cv00371 Clements v. Norfolk Virginia Eastern 6/30/2006 10/17/20061305 Limited Southern Railway District Court1306 Company et al1307Maersk Line, 2:2006mc50671 Equal Employment Michigan Eastern 7/13/20061308 Limited Opportunity District Court1309 Commission v. Maersk1310 Line, Limited1311Maersk Line, 3:2006ap00391 William Kaye, as Tennessee Middle 9/28/2006 2/26/20071312 Limited Trustee of the Murray Bankruptcy Court1313 Liquidating and1314 Maersk, Inc.1315Maersk Line, 6:2006cv00110 Smith v. Texas Texas Southern 10/31/2006 9/8/20081316 Limited Shredder, Inc. st al District Court1317Maersk Line, 0:2007cv.us01013 Maersk Line, Limited U.S. Court of Appeals, 1/9/2007 1/28/20081318 Limited et al v. United Fourth Circuit1319 States1320Maersk Line, 3:2007cv00076 Eleazar Lozano, Jr. v. Texas Southern 2/6/2007 11/28/20071321 Limited Maersk Line, Limited District Court1322Maersk Line, 2:2007cv01293 Tombari v. Maersk New Jersey District 3/19/2007 11/30/20071323 Limited Line, Limited Court1324Maersk Line, 3:2007cv03318 Garrett v. U.S. Ship California Northern 6/25/2007 2/19/20091325 Limited Management, Inc. et District Court1326 al1327Maersk Line, 3:2007cv01568 Nazario v. Maersk Puerto Rico District 6/25/2007 5/27/20101328 Limited Line, Limited et al Court1329Maersk Line, 1:2007cv02633 Sieger v. Maersk Line, New York Eastern 6/28/2007 12/16/20081330 Limited Limited et al District Court1331Maersk Line, 3:2007cv00431 Alvarez v. Maersk Texas Southern 8/23/2007 7/28/20081332 Limited Line, Limited District Court1333Maersk Line, 3:2008cv00043 Hackler v. P&O Ports Louisiana Middle 1/22/2008 3/29/20131334 Limited Louisiana, Inc. et al District Court1335Maersk Line, 3:2008cv00074 Michael T. Hackler v. Louisiana Middle 2/4/2008 9/19/20081336 Limited P&O Ports Louisiana, District Court1337 Inc. et al1338Maersk Line, 3:2008cv00082 Hackler v Greater Louisiana Middle 2/7/2008 8/25/20081339 Limited Baton Rouge Port District Court1340 Commision1341Maersk Line, 5:2008cv10782 Zain v. Maersk Line, Michigan Eastern 2/25/2008 7/31/20081342 Limited Limited et al District Court1343Maersk Line, 0:2008cv.pr01263 In Re: Application of U.S. Court of Appeals, 3/4/2008 3/4/20081344 Limited Sipromad v. Maersk Fourth Circuit1345 Line, Limited1346Maersk Line, 1:2008cv03518 Hall v. Maersk Line, New York Southern 4/11/2008 4/4/20111347 Limited Limited et al District Court1348Maersk Line, 1:2008cv00442 Maddux v. United Ohio Southern District 6/27/2008 5/16/20111349 Limited States of America et Court1350 al1351Maersk Line, 1:2008cv11204 Barclay v. Maersk Massachuetts District 7/15/2008 2/25/20111352 Limited Line, Limited Court1353Maersk Line, 2:2008cv87777 Hackler v. P&O Ports Pennsylvania Eastern 8/22/2008 2/7/20121354 Limited Louisiana, Inc. et al District Court1355Maersk Line, 2:2008cv87779 Hackler v Greater Pennsylvania Eastern 8/22/2008 6/28/20121356 Limited Baton Rouge Port District Court1357 Commision et al1358Maersk Line, 2:2008cv88873 Hackler et al v. P&O Pennsylvania Eastern 9/12/2008 6/4/20101359 Limited Ports Louisiana, Inc. District Court1360 et al1361Maersk Line, 1:2008cv04813 Skye v. Maersk Line, New Jersey District 9/25/2008 9/22/20091362 Limited Limited et al Court1363Maersk Line, 1:2009cv03624 Ahmed v. Maersk Line, New York Southern 4/8/2009 5/4/20111364 Limited Limited District Court1365Maersk Line, 1:2009cv04575 Phillips Foods, Inc. New York Southern 5/14/2009 9/3/20091366 Limited v. Maersk Line, District Court1367 Limited et al1368Maersk Line, 4:2009cv01601 Hicks v. Waterman Texas Southern 5/27/2009 9/16/20091369 Limited Steamship District Court1370Maersk Line, 4:2009cv01692 Cupan v. Maersk Line, Texas Southern 6/3/2009 9/8/20091371 Limited Limited District Court1372Maersk Line, 2:2009cv02736 Jaradat v. Maersk Pennsylvania Eastern 6/17/2009 9/22/20101373 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1374Maersk Line, 1:2009cv00747 Maersk Line, Limited Virginia Eastern 7/6/2009 7/13/20091375 Limited v. Vilsak et al District Court1376Maersk Line, 1:2009cv03161 Liberty Shipping Group New York Eastern 7/22/2009 9/24/20091377 Limited LLC v. United States District Court1378 of America et al1379Maersk Line, 1:2009cv03193 Lopez-Ranilla v. New York Eastern 7/24/2009 9/15/20101380 Limited Maersk Line, Limited District Court1381Maersk Line, 1:2009cv03404 Spencer v. Maersk New York Eastern 8/6/2009 3/26/20101382 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1383Maersk Line, 1:2009cv03408 Salah v. Maersk Line, New York Eastern 8/6/2009 4/11/20111384 Limited Limited District Court1385Maersk Line, 1:2009cv03454 Austin v. Maersk Line, New York Eastern 8/10/2009 5/28/20101386 Limited Limited District Court1387Maersk Line, 1:2009cv00513 Johnson v. Maersk Alabama Southern 8/10/2009 6/10/20101388 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1389Maersk Line, 1:2009cv03455 Martinez v. Maersk New York Eastern 8/10/2009 12/13/20101390 Limited Line, Limited District Court1391Maersk Line, 2:2009cv05170 Anacta v. Maersk Line, New Jersey District 10/8/2009 2/18/20111392 Limited Limited Court1393Maersk Line, 3:2010cv02078 Gonzalez v. Maersk Puerto Rico District 11/3/2010 10/12/20121394 Limited Line, Limited et al Court1395Maersk Line, 1:21010ap02627 The Official Committee Illinois Northern 12/23/2010 11/19/20121396 Limited of Unsecured Bankruptcy Court1397 Creditors of X and1398 Esquel Enterprises1399 Ltd1400Maersk Line, 1:2010ap02647 The Official Committee Illinois Northern 12/23/2010 5/16/20121401 Limited of Unsecured Bankruptcy Court1402 Creditors of X and1403 Esquel Enterprises1404 Ltd1405Maersk Line, 0:2011cv03022 James Maddux v. USA et U.S. Court of Appeals, 1/7/2011 1/19/20111406 Limited al Sixth Circuit1407Maersk Line, 1:2011cv02888 A&D Exclusive Corp. v. New York Southern 4/28/2011 6/27/20121408 Limited Maersk Inc. et al District Court1409Maersk Line, 1:2011cv02888 A&D Exclusive Corp. v. New York Southern 4/28/2011 6/27/20121410 Limited Maersk Inc. et al District Court1411Maersk Line, 2:2011cv05026 O'Connor v. Maersk Pennsylvania Eastern 8/4/2011 2/21/20121412 Limited Line, Limited District Court1413Maersk Line, 4:2011cv03251 Lewis v. Maersk Line, Texas Southern 9/1/2011 3/23/20121414 Limited Limited District Court1415Maersk Line, 0:2012cv00834 Padilla v. Maersk U.S. Court of Appeals, 3/1/2012 6/25/20131416 Limited Line, Limited Second Circuit1417Maersk Line, 2:2012cv02483 Maersk Line, Limited New Jersey District 4/26/2012 7/9/20121418 Limited et al Court1419Maersk Line, 4:2012cv00127 Horton et al v. Maersk Georgia Southern 5/9/2012 9/22/20141420 Limited Line, Limited District Court1421Maersk Line, 2:2012cv05280 Andrucovici et al New Jersey District 8/22/2012 9/11/20121422 Limited Court1423Maersk Line, 4:2013cv02171 Fetter v. Maersk Line, Texas Southern 7/25/2013 4/2/20141424 Limited Limited. Case District Court1425 electronically1426 transferred to1427 District of New1428 Jersey1429Maersk Line, 1:2013cv07136 RLI Insurance Copany New York Southern 10/8/2013 4/29/20141430 Limited et al v. Orca et al District Court1431Maersk Line, 2:2013cv06899 Reinauer New Jersey District 11/8/2013 4/1/20141432 Limited Transportation Court1433 Companies, LLC v.1434 Maersk Line, Limited1435 et al1436Maersk Line, 2:2013cv06899 Reinauer New Jersey District 11/8/2013 4/1/20141437 Limited Transportation Court1438 Companies, LLC v.1439 Maersk Line, Limited1440 et al1441Maersk Line, 1:2013cv08477 National Union Fire New York Southern 11/26/2013 6/25/20141442 Limited Insurance Company of District Court1443 Pittsburgh, P.A. et1444 al v. Maersk et al1445Maersk Line, 3:2014cv00220 KVA Electric, Inc. et California Northern 1/14/2014 3/24/20141446 Limited al v. A.P. Moelller- District Court1447 Maersk A/S trading as1448 Maersk Line et al1449Maersk Line, 2:2014mc00090 In re: Khaled California Central 2/25/2014 5/15/20141450 Limited Munassar, United District Court1451 States Merchant1452 Marine (MMD No.1453 2246187) Missing at1454 Sea, February 10,1455 20141456Maersk Line, 2:2014cv03737 Ghaleb m. Ghaleb vs. California Central 5/15/2014 6/19/20141457 Limited Maersk Line, Limited District Court1458Maersk Line, 1:2014cv05757 Saleh v. Maersk Line, New York Southern 7/28/2014 4/7/20161459 Limited Limited District Court1460Maersk Line, 1:2014cv06260 Maersk Line, Limited New York Southern 8/7/2014 3/31/20151461 Limited v. Saleh District Court1462Maersk Line, 1:2014cv07006 George et al v. Maersk New York Southern 8/28/2014 6/9/20161463 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1464Maersk Line, 1:2014cv07294 National Union Fire New York Southern 9/19/2014 10/23/20141465 Limited Insurance Company of District Court1466 Pittsburgh, P.A. et1467 al v. M/V Maersk Utah1468 et al1469Maersk Line, 0:2014prici14450 John Horton, et al v. U.S. Court of Appeals, 10/2/2014 2/27/20151470 Limited Maersk Line, Limited, Eleventh Circuit1471 et al1472Maersk Line, 1:2014cv05951 Soliman v. Maersk New York Eastern 10/10/2014 1/26/20171473 Limited Line, Limited District Court1474Maersk Line, 1:2014bk12414 National Air Cargo, New York Western 10/17/2014 2/5/20191475 Limited Inc. Bankruptcy Court1476Maersk Line, 1:2014cv01028 Crowley Technical U.S. Court of Federal 10/22/2014 9/25/20151477 Limited Management, Inc v. Claims1478 USA1479Maersk Line, 1:2014cv00024 Marquez v. Maersk Northern Mariana 12/11/2014 5/24/20161480 Limited Line, Limited Islands District1481 Court1482Maersk Line, 1:2015cv01785 National Union Fire New York Southern 3/10/2015 4/24/20151483 Limited Insurance Company of District Court1484 Pittsburgh, P.A. et1485 al v. M/V Leda Maersk1486 et al1487Maersk Line, 2:2016cv00230 Reyes v. Maersk Line, Virginia Eastern 5/10/2016 12/7/20161488 Limited Limited District Court1489Maersk Line, 8:2016cv01600 Mohsen Hubair v. California Central 8/30/2016 1/13/20171490 Limited Maersk Line, Limited District Court1491 et al1492Maersk Line, 1:2016ap01068 The Official Committee New York Western 10/11/2016 1/8/20181493 Limited of Unsecured Bankruptcy Court1494 Creditors and Maersk1495 Line, Limited1496Maersk Line, 0:2016cv04757 Don Shine, et al v. U.S. Court of Appeals, 12/29/2016 11/8/20191497 Limited Alcoa Steamship Co., Sixth Circuit1498 Inc., et al1499Maersk Line, 3:2017cv00019 EPL Oil & Gas, Inc. et Texas Southern 1/20/2017 3/22/20171500 Limited al v. Maersk Line, District Court1501 Limited. Case has1502 been transferred to1503 Houston Division1504Maersk Line, 4:2017cv00898 EPL Oil & Gas, Inc. et Texas Southern 1/20/2017 4/6/20171505 Limited al v. Maersk Line, District Court1506 Limited. Case is1507 consolicated under1508 4:17-cv-1881509Maersk Line, 1:2017cv00281 Anham FZCO, LLC v. Virginia Eastern 3/9/2017 4/5/20171510 Limited Maersk Line, Limited District Court1511Maersk Line, 1:2017cv10534 Foster v. Maersk Line, Massachuetts District 3/28/2017 10/31/20181512 Limited Limited Court1513Maersk Line, 3:2017cv00178 Pierce v. Maersk Inc. Texas Southern 6/7/2017 6/1/20181514 Limited et al District Court1515Maersk Line, 1:2017cv05959 AGCS Marine Insurance New York Southern 8/7/2017 9/27/20171516 Limited Company v. M/V Maersk District Court1517 Kinloss et al1518Maersk Line, 1:2017cv07473 Federal Insurance New York Southern 9/29/2017 10/30/20171519 Limited Company v. Maersk District Court1520 Line A/S et al1521Maersk Line, 1:2017cv00262 Maersk Line, Limited U.S. Court of 10/31/2017 9/17/20191522 Limited v. United States International Trade1523Maersk Line, 1:2017cv08659 National Air Cargo New York Southern 11/8/2017 9/27/20191524 Limited Group, Inc. v. Maersk District Court1525 Line, Limited et al1526Maersk Line, 1:2018cv00188 Maersk Line, Limited U.S. Court of 8/23/2018 9/12/20191527 Limited v. United States International Trade1528Maersk Line, 4:2019cv00012 Richard Grimble v. Texas Southern 1/2/2019 3/3/20221529 Limited Maersk Line, Limited District Court1530 et al1531Maersk Line, 2:2019cv04244 Certain Underwriters California Central 5/16/2019 7/2/20191532 Limited at Lloyds v. Maersk District Court1533 Line AS et al1534Maersk Line, 3:2019cv00238 Reed et al v. Maersk Texas Southern 7/22/2019 4/12/20231535 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1536Maersk Line, 3:2019cv00242 Marsh v. BP Products Texas Southern 7/24/2019 5/18/20211537 Limited North America, Inc. District Court1538 et al1539Maersk Line, 0:2019cv03254 National Air Cargo U.S. Court of Appeals, 10/8/2019 11/18/20191540 Limited Group, Inc. v. Maersk Second Circuit1541 Line, Limited1542Maersk Line, 3:2019cv06743 Bickham v. Maersk California Northern 10/18/2019 3/29/20221543 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1544Maersk Line, 1:2019cv11373 Liberty Specialty New York Southern 12/12/2019 2/9/20211545 Limited Markets Limited et al District Court1546 v. Maersk, Inc. et al1547Maersk Line, 1:2019cv11364 Sai Marine Export Pvt New York Southern 12/12/2019 2/9/20211548 Limited Limited v. Maersk District Court1549 Line A/S1550Maersk Line, 1:2020cv03322 Valentine v. Maersk New York Eastern 7/23/2020 9/16/20201551 Limited Line, Limited District Court1552Maersk Line, 3:2020cv00829 USA et al v. Maersk Illinois Southern 8/27/2020 3/16/20211553 Limited Line, Limited et al District Court1554Maersk Line, 2:2020cv18841 Muthala v. Maersk New Jersey District 12/14/2020 3/14/20251555 Limited Line, Limited et al Court1556Maersk Line, 1:2021cv00125 Maersk Line, Limited District of Columbia 1/14/2021 8/11/20231557 Limited v. U.S. Department of District Court1558 State1559Maersk Line, 1:2021cv01722 Air Express New York Southern 2/26/2021 9/9/20221560 Limited Internatiional USA, District Court1561 Inc. v. Maersk, Inc.1562 et al1563Maersk Line, 1:2021cv01722 Air Express New York Southern 2/26/2021 9/9/20221564 Limited Internatiional USA, District Court1565 Inc. v. Maersk, Inc.1566 et al1567Maersk Line, 2:2021cv11222 Solis v. Maersk Line, New Jersey District 5/14/2021 8/2/20221568 Limited Limited Court1569Maersk Line, 2:2021cv00317 Allen v. Maersk Line, Virginia Eastern 6/4/2021 1/10/20221570 Limited Limited, et al District Court1571Maersk Line, 1:2021cv01277 Cockett Marine Oil Delaware District 9/8/2021 4/26/20231572 Limited DMCC v. CI Court1573 International Fuels,1574 LLC et al1575Maersk Line, 2:2021cv00501 Maersk Line, Limited Virginia Eastern 9/9/2021 12/9/20211576 Limited v. United States District Court1577 Coast Guard1578Maersk Line, 0:2021pcf30636 Seville v. Maersk Line U.S. Court of Appeals, 10/13/2021 11/18/20221579 Limited Fifth Circuit1580Maersk Line, 1:2022cv00100 White Coral Marine Delaware District 1/25/2022 9/2/20221581 Limited Limited et al v. Court1582 Chimbusco Pan Nation1583 Petro-Chemical1584 Co.Ltd. Et al1585Maersk Line, 2:2022cv05038 Acosta v. Port Newark New Jersey District 8/12/2022 7/28/20231586 Limited Container Terminal, Court1587 LLC et al1588Maersk Line, 2:2022cv00370 Maersk Line, Limited Virginia Eastern 9/2/2022 12/19/20231589 Limited v. United States District Court1590Maersk Line, 4:2022cv03764 Okpere v. Maersk Line, Texas Southern 10/28/2022 9/12/20241591 Limited Limited District Court1592Maersk Line, 4:2022cv00261 Amick v. Maersk Line, Georgia Southern 11/2/2022 7/21/20231593 Limited Limited District Court1594Maersk Line, 1:2023cv00017 Ogbo et al v. CSX Georgia Southern 2/21/2023 11/27/20231595 Limited Transportaion, Inc. District Court1596 et al1597Maersk Line, 1:2023cv02501 Gaylan v. Maersk Line, New York Southern 3/24/2023 10/24/20231598 Limited Limited District Court1599Maersk Line, 1:2023cv09599 Maersk Line, Limited New York Southern 11/1/2023 3/8/20241600 Limited v. Theodor Wille District Court1601 Intertrade, GmbH1602Maersk Line, 4:2024cv00274 Carter v. Maersk Line, Georgia Southern 12/6/20241603 Limited Limited-USA et al District Court16041605 CALIFORNIA CASES16061607 Date1608 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed16091610Maersk Line, 22STCV22245 Dalia Franklin v. Los Angeles County 07/10/20221611 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1612 (Asbestos)1613Maersk Line, 2:22cv3543 Travelers Property USDC Central District 05/24/20221614 Limited Casualty Company of of California1615 America v. Maersk1616 Line, Limited1617Maersk Line, 22STCV15952 Ricky Lynn Feigner v. Los Angeles County 05/12/20221618 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1619 (Asbestos)1620Maersk Line, 21STCV29691 Eduardo Hernandez v. Los Angeles County 08/11/20211621 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1622Maersk Line, RG21088294 Edward Richards v. Alameda County 01/29/20211623 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1624 (Asbestos)1625Maersk Line, 20STCV47908 Dejan Ulic v. Maersk Los Angeles County 12/15/20201626 Limited Line, Limited Superior Court1627Maersk Line, 20STCV45382 Gerald Feigner v. Los Angeles County 11/24/20201628 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1629 (Asbestos)1630Maersk Line, 3:19cv6743 Omoro Bickham v. USDC Northern District 10/18/20191631 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1632Maersk Line, 8:19cv1847 Oar Auto Inc, v. USDC Central District 09/27/20191633 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1634Maersk Line, RG19035560 Omoro Bickham v. Alameda County 09/18/20191635 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1636Maersk Line, 3:19cv3707 Allan D. Bombita v. USDC Northern District 06/26/20191637 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1638Maersk Line, 2:19cv4244 Certain Underwriters USDC Central District 05/16/20191639 Limited at Lloyds v. Maersk of California1640 Line, Limited1641Maersk Line, 37-2018-38528-CU- Denver Urlaub v. San Diego County 08/01/20181642 Limited BC-CTL Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1643Maersk Line, 2:17cv8457 Maersk Line, Limited USDC Central District 11/20/20171644 Limited v. Apex Maritime Co. of California1645Maersk Line, BC640986 Mario Baja v. Maersk Los Angeles County 11/16/20161646 Limited Line, Limited Superior Court1647Maersk Line, 8:16cv1600 Mohsen Hubair v. USDC Central District 08/30/20161648 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1649Maersk Line, 2:16cv4173 NGL Transportation v. USDC Central District 06/10/20161650 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1651Maersk Line, 2:16cv272 Elkay Plastics Company USDC Central District 01/13/20161652 Limited Inc. v. Maersk Line, of California1653 Limited1654Maersk Line, BC600032 Elkay Plastics Company Los Angeles County 11/04/20151655 Limited Inc. v. Maersk Line, Superior Court1656 Limited1657Maersk Line, RG14-734205 David Kabasinskas v. Alameda County 07/24/20141658 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1659Maersk Line, 2:14cv3737 Maersk Line, Limited USDC Central District 05/15/20141660 Limited v. Ghaleb M. Ghaleb of California1661Maersk Line, 2:14cv3567 Agro Trading USDC Central District 05/08/20141662 Limited International LLC v. of California1663 Maersk Line, Limited1664Maersk Line, 2:14mc90 Re Khaled Munassar, USDC Central District 02/25/20141665 Limited Missing at Sea, v. of California1666 Maersk Line, Limited1667Maersk Line, 2:14cv427 XL Specialty Insurance USDC Central District 01/17/20141668 Limited Company v. Maersk of California1669 Line, Limited1670Maersk Line, 3:14cv220 KVA Electric Inc. v. USDC Northern District 01/14/20141671 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1672Maersk Line, 2:13cv9440 Agro Trading USDC Central District 12/23/20131673 Limited International LLC v. of California1674 Maersk Line, Limited1675Maersk Line, 4:13cv5812 Darin Allen v. Maersk USDC Northern District 12/16/20131676 Limited Line, Limited of California1677Maersk Line, BC530643 Bridgette Moore et al Los Angeles County 12/16/20131678 Limited v. Maersk Line, Superior Court1679 Limited (Asbestos)1680Maersk Line, NC059203 Agro Trading Los Angeles County 11/25/20131681 Limited International LLC v. Superior Court1682 Maersk Line, Limited Branches1683Maersk Line, 2:13cv6503 Elouise T. James v. USDC Central District 09/05/20131684 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1685Maersk Line, BC515773 Brittany D. Lewis v. Los Angeles County 07/22/20131686 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1687Maersk Line, 2:13cv5147 Pandol Associates USDC Central District 07/17/20131688 Limited Marketing Inc. v. of California1689 Maersk Line, Limited1690Maersk Line, RG13-688180 Robert Bell v. Maersk Alameda County 07/17/20131691 Limited Line, Limited Superior Court1692Maersk Line, BC515247 Norberto Castillo v. Los Angeles County 07/16/20131693 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1694Maersk Line, 2:13cv3453 Terry Allen v. Maersk USDC Central District 05/14/20131695 Limited Line, Limited of California1696Maersk Line, 2:12cv1857 Tokio Marine and USDC Central District 03/05/20121697 Limited Nichido Fire Co. Ltd. of California1698 V. Maersk Line,1699 Limited1700Maersk Line, RG11-578268 Kenneth Vollman v. Alameda County 05/27/20111701 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1702Maersk Line, 4:11cv725 Stephen Lambert v. USDC Northern District 02/16/20111703 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1704Maersk Line, NC054758 Ahmed Hissein Los Angeles County 06/28/20101705 Limited Alaidaroos v. Maersk Superior Court Branch1706 Line, Limited1707Maersk Line, NC053633 John Gomard v. Maersk Los Angeles County 10/09/20091708 Limited Line, Limited Superior Court Branch1709Maersk Line, 2:09-cv-07147 Ronald Glusac v. USDC Central District 10/01/20091710 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1711Maersk Line, NC042852 Paquiz Mario v. Maersk Los Angeles County 12/18/20081712 Limited Line, Limited Superior Court Branch1713Maersk Line, 3:08-cv-04728 Abdulaziz Zain v. USDC Northern District 10/14/20081714 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1715Maersk Line, 5:08-cv-01247 James Edward Harper v. USDC Central District 09/11/20081716 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1717Maersk Line, CGC-08-472574 Fadel Mohamed v. San Francisco County 02/26/20081718 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1719Maersk Line, CGC-07-468402 Fadel Mohamed v. San Francisco County 10/22/20071720 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Superior Court1721Maersk Line, 3:06-cv-07728 Charles Andrews v. USDC Northern District 12/18/20061722 Limited Maersk Line, Limited of California1723Maersk Line, CGC-03-430986 William Dean v. Maersk San Francisco County 04/29/20041724 Limited Line, Limited Superior Court17251726 FLORIDA CASES17271728 Date1729 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed17301731Maersk Line, 3:03cv77 Bruce Childers v. US District Court for 2/3/2003 Closed1732 Limited Maersk Line, Limited the Middle District1733 of Florida1734Maersk Line, 1:09cv21679 Daniell P. Gibbons v. US District Court, 6/17/2009 Closed1735 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Florida Southern1736Maersk Line, 0:03cv60033 George Adams v. Maersk US Distrcit Court for 1/10/2003 Closed1737 Limited Line, Limited the Southern District1738 of Florida1739Maersk Line, CACE01010980 Tanya Kennedy v. Florida Circuit & 6/25/2001 Closed1740 Limited Maersk Line, Limited County Court, Broward1741 County1742Maersk Line, 3:11cv206 John C. Orr v. Maersk US District Court for 5/2/2011 Closed1743 Limited Line, Limited the Northern District1744 of Florida1745Maersk Line, 1:04cv20913 Wright v. Maersk Line, US District Court for 4/16/2004 Closed1746 Limited Limited the Southern District1747 of Florida1748Maersk Line, 3:03cv890 William Smalls, Jr. v. US District Court for 10/20/2003 Closed1749 Limited Maersk Line, Limited the Middle District1750 of Florida1751Maersk Line, 14-14450 John Horton v. Maersk US Court of Appeals 10/2/2014 Closed1752 Limited line, Limited for the Eleventh1753 Circuit1754Maersk Line, 8:09cv2176 Steven Lonas v. Maersk US District Court, 10/26/2009 Closed1755 Limited Line, Limited Florida Middle1756Maersk Line, 161998CA006515 George Davis v. Maersk Florida Circuit & 12/7/1998 Closed1757 Limited XXX XMA Line, Limited County Court, Duval1758 County1759Maersk Line, 162010CA015209 Maersk Line, Limited Florida Circuit & 12/29/2010 Closed1760 Limited XXX XMA v. United Motors Inc. County, Duval County1761Maersk Line, 162006CA006890 Horace Robinson IV v. Florida Circuit & 9/25/2006 Closed1762 Limited XXX Maersk Line, Limited County, Duval County1763 XMA1764Maersk Line, 2003-015372-CA-01 Dionisio Batiz v. Florida Circuit & 7/1/2003 Closed1765 Limited Maersk Line, Limited County Court, Miami-1766 Dade County1767Maersk Line, 2004-007111-CA-01 Nadia Wright v. Maersk Florida Circuit & 3/26/2004 Closed1768 Limited Line, Limited County Court, Miami-1769 Dade County1770Maersk Line, 2002-030993-CA-01 George Adams v. Maersk Florida Circuit & 12/11/2002 Closed1771 Limited Line, Limited County Court, Miami-1772 Dade County1773Maersk Line, 2005-018715-CA-01 David Mike Bunch v. Florida Circuit & 9/15/2005 Closed1774 Limited Maersk Line, Limited County Court, Miami-1775 Dade County1776Maersk Line, 1:21cv23908 Maersk Line, Limited US District Court, 11/5/2021 Closed1777 Limited v. Accelerated Florida Southern1778 International1779 Forwarders et al1780Maersk Line, 2:14cv546 Bolin v. Maersk Line, US District Court, 9/17/2014 Closed1781 Limited Limited Florida Middle1782Maersk Line, 03-CA-010618 John M. Frew v. Maersk Florida Circuit & 11/12/2003 Closed1783 Limited Line, Limited County Court,1784 Hillsborough County1785Maersk Line, 00-12275 Maersk Line, Limited US Court of Appeals 5/3/2000 Closed1786 Limited v. Rickie L. Juzang for the Eleventh1787 Circuit1788Maersk Line, 00-13566 Maersk Line, Limited US Court of Appeals 7/10/2000 Closed1789 Limited v. Othello Dansley for the Eleventh1790 Circuit1791Maersk Line, 3:99cv808 Hall v. Maersk Line, US District Court for 8/10/1999 Closed1792 Limited Limited the Middle District1793 of Florida1794Maersk Line, 12-16433 William Skye v. Maersk US Court of Appeals 12/19/2012 Closed1795 Limited Line, Limited for the Eleventh1796 Circuit1797Maersk Line, 1:13cv21312 Saiti Express v. US District Court, 4/15/2013 Closed1798 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Florida Southern1799Maersk Line, 0:03cv60033 Adams v. Maersk Line, US District Court for 1/10/2003 Closed1800 Limited Limited the Southern District1801 of Florida1802Maersk Line, 2012-029705-CA-01 One West Bank v. Florida Circuit & 7/25/2012 Closed1803 Limited Maersk Line, Limited County Court, Miami-1804 Dade County18051806 GEORGIA CASES18071808 Date1809 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed18101811Maersk Line, STCV24-02350 Alexander Heyward v. Chatham County 10/14/2024 Active1812 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1813Maersk Line, STCV24-02323 Marquis Carter v. Chatham County 10/10/2024 Active1814 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1815Maersk Line, 24-GM-12940 Portfolio Recovery Gwinnett County 5/17/2024 Active1816 Limited Associates, LLC v.1817 Flowers1818Maersk Line, 22A00849 NGOZI OGBO v. Maersk Dekalb Sate Court 3/4/2022 12/20/20221819 Limited Line, Limited1820Maersk Line, 14A52261E7 Kevin Dean v. Bridge Dekalb Sate Court 7/16/2014 7/2/20151821 Limited Terminal Transport,1822 Inc.1823Maersk Line, STCV1200562 John Horton & Carolyn Chatham County 4/3/2012 5/9/20121824 Limited Horton v. Maersk1825 Line, Limited18261827 MASSACHUETTS CASES18281829 Date1830 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed18311832Maersk Line, 4:05-cv-40187-FDS Valentine v. Maersk District of 10/21/2005 9/20/20071833 Limited Line, Limited Massachuetts1834Maersk Line, 1:07-cv-12144-JLT Spence v. Maersk Line, District of 11/15/2007 7/14/20091835 Limited Limited Massachuetts1836Maersk Line, 1:08-cv-11204-DPW Barclay v. Maersk District of 7/15/2008 2/25/20111837 Limited Line, Limited Massachuetts1838Maersk Line, 1:17-cv-10534-LTS Foster v. Maersk Line, District of 3/28/2017 10/31/20181839 Limited Limited Massachuetts1840Maersk Line, 1:19-cv-11842-RGS Parisi v. Maersk Line, District of 8/29/2019 3/25/20201841 Limited case transferred Limited Massachuetts1842 to E.D. Va. 2:20-1843 cv-0015518441845 TEXAS CASES18461847 Date1848 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed18491850Maersk Line, DC-17-08473 Alton Hickman v. Dallas County District 7/14/2017 9/24/20181851 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Court1852Maersk Line, DC-23-05862 Lazaro Gonzalez v. Dallas County District 5/3/2023 7/20/20231853 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Court1854Maersk Line, 201081908 Maersk Line, Limited1855 Limited v. Rogelios1856 Castellanos1857Maersk Line, 202443140 Maersk Line, Limited Harris County-165th 8/15/2024 8/19/20241858 Limited v. Harris Central Civil District Court1859 Appraisal District1860Maersk Line, 201858665 Troy Ancar v. Maersk Harris County-270th 8/29/2018 2/3/20221861 Limited Line, Limited Civil District Court1862Maersk Line, 200710116 Calhoun, Bridget Anf1863 Limited of her son Cac v.1864 Maersk Line, Limited1865Maersk Line, 201738922 Certain Underwriters1866 Limited at Lloyds London v.1867 Maersk Line, Limited1868Maersk Line, 202246803 Jose Mario Chavez v. Harris County-281st1869 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Civil District Court1870Maersk Line, 201025981 Charles Curtis Leon v.1871 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1872Maersk Line, 2023-01487 David Kendrick v. Harris County-127th 1/9/2023 1/9/20241873 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Civil District Court1874Maersk Line, 201764133 Eberto Castro v. Harris County-152nd 9/27/2017 11/15/20181875 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Civil District Court1876Maersk Line, 200935336 Antonio Garcia v.1877 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1878Maersk Line, 200957502 Sheldon Greenberg v.1879 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1880Maersk Line, 200826963 Albert Henry v. Maersk1881 Limited Line, Limited1882Maersk Line, 200926129 Richard E. Hicks v.1883 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1884Maersk Line, 201409676 Julius Obilana v. Harris County-295th 2/25/2014 7/7/20151885 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Civil District Court1886Maersk Line, 202181859 Kenneth E. Benton v. Harris County-281st1887 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Civil District Court1888Maersk Line, 200773458 Eleazar Lozano, Jr. v.1889 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1890Maersk Line, 200336307 Port Terminal Railroad1891 Limited Authority v. Maersk1892 Line, Limited1893Maersk Line, 200980308 Reginald Watkins v.1894 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1895Maersk Line, 200964336 Miguel Ruiz v. Maersk1896 Limited Line, Limited1897Maersk Line, 201374042 Sandra Magee v. Maersk1898 Limited Line, Limited1899Maersk Line, 202018231/ Sulesooay Streete, Jr. Victoria Couty-267th 6/5/2020 10/25/20211900 Limited 20-06-85855-X v. Maersk Line, District Court1901 Limited1902Maersk Line, 202275527 Tesfaye Gebregziabher Harris County-215th 11/6/2022 8/1/20241903 Limited v. Maersk Line, Civil District Court1904 Limited1905Maersk Line, 201772879 Timothy Brock v. Harris County-125th 10/27/2017 12/4/20181906 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Civil District Court1907Maersk Line, 2017DCV-5064-B Darryl Alexander v.1908 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1909Maersk Line, 2020-139 Tanos Energy et al v.1910 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1911Maersk Line, 202257584 Ehimarey Okpere v. Harris County-133rd 9/9/2022 11/14/20241912 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Civil District Court19131914 NEW YORK CASES19151916 Date1917 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed19181919Maersk Line, 101020/2008 Michael Gaciala v. New York County 4/2/2009 12/18/20091920 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court1921Maersk Line, 153124/2012 Gabriel Albino v. New York County 5/25/2012 Pre-RJI1922 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court Status1923Maersk Line, 153125/2012 William Richards v. New York County 5/25/2012 Pre-RJI1924 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court Status1925Maersk Line, 153126/2012 Mohamed Soliman v. New York County 5/25/2012 Pre-RJI1926 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court Status1927Maersk Line, 190284/2022 Keith Collins & Liz New York County 12/13/2022 Pre-RJI1928 Limited Collins v. Maersk Supreme Court Status1929 Line, Limited1930Maersk Line, 190298/2014 Willard E. Bartel v. New York County 8/29/2014 Active1931 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court1932Maersk Line, 190303/2014 Willard E. Bartel v. New York County 8/29/2014 Active1933 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court1934Maersk Line, 190307/2014 Willard E. Bartel v. New York County 8/29/2014 Active1935 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court1936Maersk Line, 190350/2013 Rita Mae Perkins v. New York County 9/27/2013 Pre-RJI1937 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court Status1938Maersk Line, 190506/2012 Armando Giachin et al New York County 10/22/2012 10/8/20141939 Limited v. Maersk Line, Supreme Court1940 Limited1941Maersk Line, 24180/2013E Miguel Guity v. Maersk Bronx County Supreme 11/6/2013 5/22/20181942 Limited (0024180/2013) Line, Limited Court1943Maersk Line, 452742/2014 Raphael James v. New York County 11/14/2014 6/7/20171944 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court1945Maersk Line, 607663/2022 Hope Hicks v. Maersk Nassau County Supreme 6/14/2022 11/14/20221946 Limited Line, Limited Court1947Maersk Line, 607767/2022 Midshipman-Y v. Maersk Nassau County Supreme 6/15/2022 11/23/20221948 Limited Line, Limited Court1949Maersk Line, 0004569/2003 Abdullah Saeed v. Kings Supreme Court 5/22/2003 7/28/20041950 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1951Maersk Line, 0029826/2007 Kathleen Dunn & Howard Kings Supreme Court 1/23/2008 2/23/20101952 Limited Dunn v. Maersk Line,1953 Limited1954Maersk Line, 0301110/2007 Joseph Archer v. Bronx Supreme Court 3/13/2008 5/16/20121955 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1956Maersk Line, 0302580/2009 Francisco Diego v. Bronx Supreme Court 8/3/2009 8/4/20111957 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1958Maersk Line, 0003775/2010 Christopher T. Hale v. Nassau County Supreme 2/25/2010 1/3/20111959 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Court1960Maersk Line, 102991/2011 Michael McCright v. New York County 6/8/2012 7/25/20131961 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court1962Maersk Line, 10318/2012 Shastri Mullahoo v. Queens Supreme Court 7/16/2012 4/7/20141963 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1964Maersk Line, 190336/2016 Willard E. Bartel v. New York County 11/3/2016 Active1965 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Supreme Court19661967 SOUTH CAROLINA CASES19681969 Date1970 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed19711972Maersk Line, 2005CP1003594 Altec Industries Inc Charleston Circuit 9/2/2005 1/10/20061973 Limited Etc et al v. Maersk Court1974 Line, Limited19751976 VIRGINIA CASES19771978 Date1979 Party Name Case Number Case Title Court Date Filed Closed19801981Maersk Line, CL16002434-00 Karen Annette Reyes v. Norfolk Circuit Court 3/3/2016 5/10/20131982 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1983Maersk Line, CL03001141-00 William Wright v. Norfolk Circuit Court 5/12/2003 6/4/20031984 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1985Maersk Line, CL05000899-00 Roslyn N. Brooks v. Norfolk Circuit Court 4/22/2005 7/22/20051986 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1987Maersk Line, CL05000899-01 Roslyn N. Brooks v. Norfolk Circuit Court 10/27/2005 8/8/20071988 Limited Maersk Line, Limited1989Maersk Line, CL06002919-00 Alphonso A. Clements Norfolk Circuit Court 5/26/2006 6/30/20061990 Limited v. Maersk Line,1991 Limited1992Maersk Line, CL06002919-01 Alphonso A. Clements Norfolk Circuit Court 10/23/2006 4/16/20071993 Limited v. Maersk Line,1994 Limited1995Maersk Line, CL06004876-00 Maersk Line, Limited Norfolk Circuit Court 9/14/2006 1/4/20071996 Limited v. York-Mahar Inc1997Maersk Line, CL07004158-00 Mark Hoffler v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 7/10/2007 9/15/20081998 Limited Line, Limited1999Maersk Line, CL08001371-00 Maersk Line, Limited Norfolk Circuit Court 2/29/2008 3/24/20102000 Limited v. York-Mahar Inc2001Maersk Line, CL12002799-00 Hector Sanchez v. Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/15/20122002 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2003Maersk Line, CL12002800-00 Mario Clotter v. Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/15/20122004 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2005Maersk Line, CL12002801-00 Miguel Ruiz v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/15/20122006 Limited Line, Limited2007Maersk Line, CL12002802-00 Clifford Lacon v. Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/15/20122008 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2009Maersk Line, CL12002803-00 Richard Hicks v. Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/20/20122010 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2011Maersk Line, CL12002804-00 Andrew Brzezinski v. Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/15/20122012 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2013Maersk Line, CL12002805-00 Mohamed Abdelwaham v. Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/8/20122014 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2015Maersk Line, CL12002808-00 Husain Salah v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/15/20122016 Limited Line, Limited2017Maersk Line, CL12002809-00 Jimmy Sabga v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 4/9/2012 11/15/20122018 Limited Line, Limited2019Maersk Line, CL17006906-00 Ramon Sanchez Castillo Norfolk Circuit Court 6/16/2017 11/3/20212020 Limited v. Maersk Line,2021 Limited2022Maersk Line, CL21014539-00 Terry L. Franklin v. Norfolk Circuit Court 11/30/2021 2/8/20232023 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2024Maersk Line, CL22005545-00 Herbert Hyde v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 4/29/2022 3/27/20232025 Limited Line, Limited2026Maersk Line, CL22006722-00 D'Andre Turner v. Norfolk Circuit Court 5/26/2022 9/7/20222027 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2028Maersk Line, CL08003825-00 Denise Russell v. Norfolk Circuit Court 6/16/2008 5/26/20092029 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2030Maersk Line, CL07002958-00 Denise Russell v. Norfolk Circuit Court 5/15/2007 5/15/20082031 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2032Maersk Line, CL98001501-00 Richard C. Sequist v. Norfolk Circuit Court 6/11/1998 8/9/19992033 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2034Maersk Line, CL12001616-00 ATM Reza v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 2/28/2012 11/15/20122035 Limited Line, Limited2036Maersk Line, CL12001617-00 John Cronan v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 2/28/2012 11/15/20122037 Limited Line, Limited2038Maersk Line, CL17011063-00 Randy L. Bowman v. Norfolk Circuit Court 9/29/2017 4/9/20192039 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2040Maersk Line, CL19004751-00 Kenneth C. Sumner v. Norfolk Circuit Court 5/20/2019 10/14/20212041 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2042Maersk Line, CL19006610-00 Samuel Garrett v. Norfolk Circuit Court 6/27/2019 12/22/20212043 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2044Maersk Line, CL20001300-00 Allan D. Bombita v. Norfolk Circuit Court 1/30/2020 6/24/20212045 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2046Maersk Line, CL20010003-00 David James v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 11/16/2020 4/12/20232047 Limited Line, Limited2048Maersk Line, CL21002890-00 Selina s. Vaughan v. Norfolk Circuit Court 3/11/2021 2/4/20222049 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2050Maersk Line, CL21009330-00 Allan D. Bombita v. Norfolk Circuit Court 8/27/2021 2/16/20222051 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2052Maersk Line, CL21012747-00 Philip Parisi v. Norfolk Circuit Court 10/20/2021 11/10/20222053 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2054Maersk Line, CL22014560-00 Shawn Hughley v. Norfolk Circuit Court 10/26/2022 12/1/20232055 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2056Maersk Line, CL23006096-00 Elias Bonefont v. Norfolk Circuit Court 4/21/2023 10/16/20232057 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2058Maersk Line, CL24006953-00 Merley Ford v. Maersk Norfolk Circuit Court 6/24/2024 Active2059 Limited Line, Limited2060Maersk Line, CL97002718-00 John H. Batson v. Norfolk Circuit Court 8/11/1997 8/18/19992061 Limited Maersk Line, Limited2062Maersk Line, CL11002579-00 Marvin Porter v. Portsmouth Circuit 8/22/2011 1/3/20132063 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Court2064Maersk Line, CL05000112-00 Jeffrey L. Mayberry v. Portsmouth Circuit 1/25/2005 1/20/20062065 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Court2066Maersk Line, CL09000576-00 Christopher T. Hale v. Portsmouth Circuit 3/5/2009 5/2/20112067 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Court2068Maersk Line, CL09000576-01 Christopher T. Hale v. Portsmouth Circuit 2/24/2014 2/18/20162069 Limited Maersk Line, Limited Court2070Maersk Line, CL96002273-00 Donald Sneed v. Maersk Portsmouth Circuit 11/26/1996 2/20/19982071 Limited Line, Limited Court2072Maersk Line, CL97001011-00 John Batson v. Maersk Portsmouth Circuit 6/9/1997 7/25/19972073 Limited Line, Limited Court20742075 ______20762077 Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on2078 Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress by Stephen2079 Carmel.2080 Upon further review, I have identified additional information that2081is responsive to multiple questions on the Committee's questionnaire.2082The information is disclosed below and separated by question.2083 For Part A, Question 8, please find the following employment date2084adjustments:20852086 President, U.S. Marine Management*** (2023-Present)20872088 Various positions, Maersk Line Limited (1990-2023)20892090 Senior Vice President, U.S. Marine Management (1997-2091 2023)20922093 Member, Board of Directors (1997-2005)20942095 Vice President of Finance, U.S. Marine Management2096 (1995-1997)20972098 Program Manager, U.S. Marine Management (1990-1995)20992100 Master, Marine Overseas Corp. (1985-1990)21012102 Ship Officer, Military Sealift Command U.S. Navy (1979-1985)21032104 ***In 2023, U.S. Marine Management was a division of Maersk Line2105Limited, but was spun off in 2023.2106 Note: All positions listed were/are managerial.2107 For Part A, Question 11, please find the following additional2108memberships:21092110 Member, Yorktown Institute Advisory Board (2020-Present)21112112 American Bureau of Shipping (2005-Present)21132114 Naval Studies Board, National Academies of Science (2016 -2115 2021)21162117 Marine Board, National Academies of Sciences (2009-2014)21182119 Hydrographic Services Review Panel, NOAA (2009-2014)21202121 Chief of Naval Operations Executive Panel (N00K) (2004-2016)21222123 For Part A, Question 17 please find the following additional2124authored content:21252126 A Commercial Approach to Sea Basing-Afloat Forward Staging2127 Bases, US Naval Institute (2004)21282129 Transformation Implications of Sea Basing for Commercial2130 Shipping, Defense Transportation Journal (2004) (no hyperlink2131 or digital copy found)21322133 Study of Parametric Rolling Event on a Panamax Container2134 Vessel, Transportation Research Record Journal of the2135 Transportation Research Board (2006)21362137 Fighting Piracy and Protecting National Interests, George2138 Washington University Homeland Security Policy Institute (2009)21392140 The Big Myth of Somali Pirates, U.S. Naval Institute (2010)21412142 The Cold, Hard Realities of Arctic Shipping, U.S. Naval2143 Institute (2013)21442145 Globalization, Security, and Economic Well-Being, Naval War2146 College Review (2013)21472148 Arctic Force Structure: What an Arctic Fleet Might Look2149 Like, Hoover Institute (2014)21502151 The U.S. Navy Needs Tankers: A Crisis in Capability,2152 GCaptain (2023)21532154 Contagion in the Transpacific Shipping Network:2155 International Networks and Vulnerability Interdependence,2156 International Interactions (2023)21572158 It's Not Just DeepSeek China is After, RealClear Defense2159 (2025)21602161 For Part A, Question 18, please find additional presentations and2162panel discussions21632164 Presentation: Global Interdependence, Vulnerability, and2165 Terrorism: Simulating the Containership Shipping Network,2166 Annual Convention of the International Studies Association2167 (2008) (no digital copy or hyperlink available)21682169 Presentation: Maritime Security Challenges, 4th Maritime2170 Security Challenges Conference (2010)21712172 Panel: Transportation Research Board, Safe Navigation in the2173 U.S. Arctic, Breakout Group on Shipping Operations/Traffic2174 Regulation Schemes (2012) (no digital copy or hyperlink found)21752176 Presentation: Maritime Security, Globalization and Navy2177 Strategy, NWDC Speaker Series (2012)21782179 Presentation: The Uncertainty of the ``Made In'' Label in2180 Today's Global Economy, Volpe National Transportation Systems2181 Center (2012) (no digital copy or hyperlink found)21822183 Panel: The Arctic on the Agenda Forum 2013 Conference,2184 Arctic Forum Foundation (2013)21852186 Panel: America's Arctic Economic Ambitions: Opportunities2187 and Limitations, Center for Strategic & International Studies2188 (2017)21892190 Panel: The Supply Chain Crisis 2.0, Baltimore Council on2191 Foreign Affairs (2022)21922193 For Part A, Question 19, please find the following additional2194public statements:21952196 Maersk Backs Away from U.S. Military Contracts, GCaptian2197 (2023)21982199 Why the U.S. Military Has to Hitch a Ride on Commercial2200 Ships, Wall Street Journal (2024)22012202 For Part C, Question 3, please find the following additional cases2203for disclosure:22042205 U.S. Coast Guard Fine Maersk Line Limited $10k for Violating2206 46 USC Sec. 10104 (2010)22072208 Maersk Line to Pay $31.9 Million to Resolve False Claims2209 Allegations for Inflated Shipping Costs to Military in2210 Afghanistan and Iraq, U.S. Department of Justice (2012)22112212 Maersk Line Limited Settles Alleged Contract Fraud for $8.72213 Million, Southern District of Illinois (2014)22142215 U.S. Department of Labor Finds Maersk Line Limited2216 Retaliated Against Seaman who Reported Safety Concerns to U.S.2217 Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Labor (2023)22182219 Chairman Cruz. Thank you. I now recognize Ms. DiBella for2220her opening.22212222STATEMENT OF LAURA DiBELLA, NOMINEE TO BE A COMMISSIONER, U.S.2223 FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION22242225 Ms. DiBella. Chair Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and2226members of the Committee, good morning and thank you for the2227opportunity to appear here before you today as a nominee to be2228Commissioner of the Federal Maritime Commission. A sincere2229thank you, as well, for the courtesies that your staff extended2230to me throughout the nomination process.2231 I would like to recognize FMC Commissioners Dye, Maffei,2232and Vekich, and thank them for being here in supportive2233attendance. And most importantly, I would like to thank2234President Trump for nominating me for this most important role.2235 It is with great pleasure, humility, and honor to be2236nominated for this position as well as a homecoming of sorts to2237the maritime industry for me. In 2017, while spearheading local2238economic development in Nassau County, Florida, I was2239approached to wear a second hat and stand in temporarily as2240Port Director at the Port of Fernandina, a small and often2241overlooked seaport surrounded by renown juggernauts named2242JAXPORT and the Port of Savannah. The port was going through a2243rough transition and had little resources to spare for a2244qualified Port Director. I knew very little about ports back2245then, except for the fact that they were vital economic engines2246to a region and state, and because of that, and without2247hesitation and compensation, I willingly took on the role.2248 Little did I know at the time that the decision to support2249the port was one that would change the trajectory of my life2250and career forever. What began as a temporary assignment2251resulted in a two and a half year journey that put me at ground2252zero of seaport operations, port authority governance, and the2253integration of a port within the economic development space and2254overall supply chain network. The knowledge I gained while2255serving dual roles greatly enhanced my economic development2256capabilities and afforded me the opportunity to form lasting2257relationships with past and present, and hopefully future,2258members of the Maritime Administration team and that of the2259maritime community at large.2260 In the fall of 2019, I was approached about the Executive2261Director role for the Florida Harbor Pilots Association, a2262full-time position that never existed in the organization's2263150-plus year history, that put the livelihoods of Florida's2264nearly 100 harbor pilots in my hands. I dove headfirst into the2265job and learned at the most intimate level about an aspect of2266the maritime industry that very few outsiders have the2267privilege of seeing.2268 Before long, we were met with the COVID-19 pandemic2269shutdown, which dealt a massive blow to Florida as the self-2270proclaimed ``Cruise Capital of the World,'' with the cessation2271of cruise activity for nearly a year and a half and resulting2272supply chain crisis which upended their world and exposed every2273element of the fragile transportation network that we rely upon2274day in and day out.2275 If that wasn't enough, we were also heavily engaged in2276blocking a potentially precedent-setting citizens' initiative2277at the Port of Key West that could have had broad implications2278around the restriction of cargo across other seaports around2279the country and world. The measure served as a stark reminder2280that ports, although local in nature, are truly global in2281principle and must be viewed and protected as such.2282 In the summer of 2022, I was appointed Secretary of2283Commerce of Florida along with President and CEO of Enterprise2284Florida and entrusted with maintaining and growing what was2285then the state's $1.5 trillion economy, and once again had the2286pleasure of working with all 16 of Florida's seaports in a2287larger economic development capacity. As the third-largest2288state in the Nation and 16th-largest economy in the world, it2289was then that I also engaged heavily in international trade2290discussions with key trading partners around the globe as well2291as economic development efforts involving the newest mode of2292transportation to intersect with maritime, which is the2293incredibly exciting space industry.2294 I say all of this in the hopes to demonstrate not only my2295hands-on experience, knowledge, and unique perspective of the2296maritime space, but also my sincere passion and commitment to2297the industry. If my past superiors had enough faith in me not2298only to do the job at hand but do it well, I hope so can you.2299More than anything, however, I hope my past shows just how2300dedicated I am to the economic and security interests of this2301great country.2302 If I am confirmed as a Commissioner of the FMC, I will2303uphold the statutory directives of the Ocean Shipping Reform2304Act of 2022 and ensure that the economic and homeland security2305needs of our country are always at the forefront of every2306discussion. I promise to be fair-minded and objective when2307collaborating with my fellow Commissioners and FMC staff to2308positively contribute to the FMC's vital and growing mission. I2309will work to eliminate unfair shipping practices by foreign2310governments and do everything in my power to guarantee that2311shippers, common carriers, ocean transport intermediaries, and2312ports regulated by the FMC are provided with a fair market2313environment in which to operate.2314 Thank you again for the honor and privilege to sit before2315you today and for your hopeful support. I look forward to2316working with all of you.2317 [The prepared statement and biographical information of Ms.2318DiBella follow:]23192320 Prepared Statement of Laura DiBella, Nominee to be a Commissioner,2321 U.S. Federal Maritime Commission2322 Chair Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and members of the Committee,2323good morning and thank you for the opportunity to appear here before2324you today as a nominee to be Commissioner of the Federal Maritime2325Commission (FMC).2326 A sincere thank you as well as for the courtesies that your staff2327extended to me throughout the nomination process. I would like to2328recognize FMC Commissioners, Dye, Maffei, and Vekich and thank them for2329being here in supportive attendance. And most importantly, I would like2330to thank President Trump for nominating me for this most important2331role.2332 It is with great pleasure, humility, and honor to be nominated for2333this position as well as a homecoming of sorts to the maritime industry2334for me. In 2017, while spearheading local economic development in2335Nassau County, Florida, I was approached to wear a second hat and stand2336in temporarily as Port Director at the Port of Fernandina, Ocean2337Highway and Port Authority of Nassau County, a small and often2338overlooked seaport surrounded by renown juggernauts named JAXPORT, Port2339of Brunswick, and Port of Savannah. The port was going through a rough2340transition with its sole terminal operator and had little resources to2341spare for a qualified Port Director. I knew very little about ports2342back then, except for the fact that they were vital economic engines to2343a region and state, and because of that, and without hesitation and2344compensation, I willingly took on the role.2345 Little did I know at the time that the decision to support the port2346was one that would change the trajectory of my life and career forever.2347What began as a temporary assignment resulted in a two-and-a-half-year2348journey that put me at ground zero of seaport operations, port2349authority governance, and the integration of a port within the economic2350development space and overall supply chain network. The knowledge I2351gained while serving dual roles greatly enhanced my economic2352development capabilities and afforded me the opportunity to form2353lasting relationships with past and present members of the maritime2354administration team and that of the maritime community at large.2355 In the fall of 2019, I was approached about the Executive Director2356role for the Florida Harbor Pilots Association, a full-time position2357that never existed in the organization's 150+ year history, that that2358put the livelihoods of Florida's nearly 100 harbor pilots in my hands.2359I dove headfirst into the job and learned at the most intimate level2360about an aspect of the maritime industry that very few outsiders have2361the privilege of seeing. Before long, we were met with the COVID-192362pandemic shutdown, which dealt a massive blow to Florida as the self-2363proclaimed ``Cruise Capital of the World'' with the cessation of cruise2364activity for nearly a year and a half and resulting supply chain crisis2365which upended their world and exposed every element of the fragile2366transportation framework that we rely upon day in and day out.2367 If that wasn't enough, we were also heavily engaged in blocking a2368potentially precedent setting citizens' initiative at the Port of Key2369West that could have had broad implications around the restriction of2370cargo across other seaports around the country and world. The measure2371served as a stark reminder that ports, although local in nature, are2372truly global in principle and must be viewed and protected as such.2373 In the summer of 2022, I was appointed Secretary of Commerce of2374Florida along with President and CEO of Enterprise Florida and2375entrusted with maintaining and growing what was then the state's $1.52376trillion economy, and once again had the pleasure of working with all237716 of Florida's seaports in a larger economic development capacity. As2378the third largest state in the nation and 16th largest economy in the2379world, it was then that I also engaged heavily in international trade2380discussions with key trading partners around the globe as well as2381economic development efforts involving the newest mode of2382transportation to intersect with maritime, which is the incredibly2383exciting space industry.2384 I say all of this in the hopes to demonstrate not only my hands on2385experience, knowledge, and unique perspective of the maritime space,2386but also my sincere passion and commitment to the industry. If all my2387past superiors had enough faith in me not only to do the job at hand,2388but do it well, I hope so can you. More than anything, however, I hope2389my past shows just how dedicated I am to the economic and security2390interests of this great country.2391 If I am confirmed as a Commissioner of the FMC, I will uphold the2392statutory directives of the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 2022 and2393ensure that the economic and homeland security needs of our country are2394always at the forefront of every discussion. I promise to be fair-2395minded and objective when collaborating with my fellow Commissioners2396and FMC staff to positively contribute to the FMC's vital and growing2397mission. I will work to eliminate unfair shipping practices by foreign2398governments and do everything in my power to guarantee that shippers,2399common carriers, ocean transportation intermediaries, and ports2400regulated by the FMC are provided with a fair market environment in2401which to operate.2402 Thank you again for the honor and privilege to sit before you today2403and for your hopeful support. I look forward to working with all of2404you.2405 ______24062407 a. biographical information2408 1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Laura Maria2409DiBella.2410 2. Position to which nominated: Commissioner, Federal Maritime2411Commission.2412 3. Date of Nomination: September 3, 2025.2413 4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):24142415 Residence: Information not released to the public.2416 Office: Information not provided.24172418 5. Date and Place of Birth: Fort Lauderdale, Florida.2419 6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your2420spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your2421children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).24222423 I am divorced. I have two stepdaughters: Jacqueline Healy, age2424 28, and Lillian Healy, age 24.24252426 7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not2427you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the2428institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of2429the degree.24302431 University of Florida, 1997-2001, B.S., Human Resource2432 Management (with an outside concentration in Business2433 Administration), awarded May 200124342435 8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,2436name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all2437management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to2438the position for which you are nominated.24392440 * denotes management-level jobs and non-managerial jobs that relate2441to the position for which I have been nominated.24422443 02/2024 to present: Government Affairs Advisor, Adams & Reese2444 LLP*24452446 08/2020 to present: President/CEO/Broker, CONN LLC, CONN2447 Florida LLC dba Laura DiBella Real Estate24482449 07/2004 to present: President/CEO, LDB Marketing, Inc.24502451 11/2023-2/2024: President of Business Development,2452 FloridaCommerce/Select Florida*24532454 07/2022-11/2023: Secretary of Commerce/President/CEO,2455 Enterprise Florida, Florida Opportunity Fund*24562457 11/2019-7/2022: Executive Director, Florida Harbor Pilots2458 Association*24592460 05/2017-11/2019: Port Director, Port of Fernandina--Ocean2461 Highway and Port Authority of Nassau County*24622463 10/2014-11/2019: Executive Director, Nassau County Economic2464 Development Board*24652466 09/2009-09/2014: Director of Sales and Leasing, Florida Medical2467 Space24682469 05/2001-09/2014: Sales and Marketing Representative, Enviro2470 Technologies, Inc.*24712472 09/2006-09/2009: Sales Associate, Holly Real Estate24732474 08/2002-08/2006: Co-Founder, Image Marketing & Special Events,2475 Inc.24762477 01/2002-08/2006: Sales Associate, Coldwell Banker Real Estate24782479 9. Attach a copy of your resume.2480 See Attachment A.2481 10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time2482service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other2483than those listed above after 18 years of age.24842485 Present: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration2486 (NOAA) Industry Advisory Committee Member, ``The Continuum''2487 Enterprise Accelerator24882489 Present: Co-Chair of FDOT Florida Freight Advisory Committee24902491 Present: University of Florida, Florida Semiconductor2492 Institute (FSI) Stakeholder Advisory Board24932494 Present: University of Florida I-STREET Advisory Board2495 Member24962497 Former: Vice Chair of Florida State College at Jacksonville2498 District Board of Trustees24992500 Former: Volunteer as a certified guardian in Florida's 2nd2501 Judicial Circuit Guardian ad Litem Program25022503 11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,2504partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any2505corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,2506educational, or other institution.25072508 08/2020 to present: President/CEO/Broker, CONN LLC, CONN2509 Florida LLC dba Laura DiBella Real Estate25102511 07/2004 to present: President/CEO, LDB Marketing, Inc.25122513 07/2022-11/2023: Secretary of Commerce/President/CEO,2514 Enterprise Florida, Florida Opportunity Fund25152516 03/2018-01/2023: Vice Chair of Florida State College at2517 Jacksonville District Board of Trustees25182519 11/2019-07/2022: Executive Director, Florida Harbor Pilots2520 Association25212522 05/2017-11/2019: Port Director, Port of Fernandina--Ocean2523 Highway and Port Authority of Nassau County25242525 10/2014-11/2019: Executive Director, Nassau County Economic2526 Development Board25272528 08/2002-08/2006: Co-Founder, Image Marketing & Special Events,2529 Inc.25302531 01/2002-08/2006: Sales Associate, Coldwell Banker Real Estate25322533 12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or2534currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,2535political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously2536affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization2537(You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a2538religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership2539and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note2540whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis2541of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.25422543 07/2022 to present: Member, Economic Club of Florida25442545 01/2020 to present: Member, Governors Club of Tallahassee25462547 11/2011-12/2013: Member, Gate Governors Club25482549 11/2011-12/2013: Member, TPC Sawgrass25502551 11/2011-12/2013: Member, Sawgrass Country Club25522553 11/2011-12/2013: Member, Marsh Landing Country Club25542555 11/2011-12/2013: Member, Jacksonville Chamber of Commerce25562557 13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office2558(elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any2559campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are2560personally liable for that debt.25612562 03/2021 to present: Appointee, Co-Chair of FDOT Florida Freight2563 Advisory Committee (no outstanding debt)25642565 07/2022-11/2023: Appointee, Secretary of Commerce/President/2566 CEO, Enterprise Florida, Florida Opportunity Fund (not liable2567 for debt post separation)25682569 03/2018-01/2023: Appointee, Former Vice Chair of Florida State2570 College at Jacksonville District Board of Trustees (not liable2571 for debt post separation)25722573 05/2017-11/2019: Appointee, Former Port Director, Port of2574 Fernandina--Ocean Highway and Port Authority of Nassau County2575 (not liable for debt post separation)25762577 14. List all memberships and offices held with and services2578rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or2579election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid2580position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether2581compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,2582identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year2583of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. Not Applicable.2584 15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign2585organization, political party, political action committee, or similar2586entity of $200 or more for the past ten years. Not Applicable.2587 16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary2588society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition2589for outstanding service or achievements. Not Applicable.2590 17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,2591Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,2592individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when2593possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the2594publication when available.2595 Below is an article I was asked to write for the Harvard Kennedy2596School Taubman Center for State and Local Government after speaking2597with the students about pursuing a career in economic development.25982599 Part-Time Economic Developer and Conductor--How Growing an2600 Economy Can Resemble Leading an Orchestra | Harvard Kennedy2601 School2602 18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,2603PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for2604which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when2605possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the2606speech or presentation when available.26072608 CoMotion MIAMI '23--Keynote by Laura DiBella, President &2609 CEO, Enterprise Florida26102611 Taking Action For A Resilient Global Supply Chain--YouTube26122613 19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten2614years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and2615television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position2616for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to2617each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a2618digital copy of the statement when available.2619 I am a regular guest on the Ed Dean Morning Show, a2620 conservative talk radio show that is the number one syndicated2621 show in Florida. I am the resident expert on Florida's economy2622 and economic development matters that impact the state. I have2623 appeared as a guest on the show on: November 14, 2024; January2624 21, 2025; February 13, 2025; February 27, 2025; March 4, 2025;2625 March 13, 2025; March 24, 2025; April 3, 2025; April 9, 2025;2626 April 29, 2025; May 8, 2025; May 15, 2025; June 2, 2025; June2627 30, 2025; July 21, 2025; July 30, 2025; and August 12, 2025.26282629 Revitalizing Shipbuilding and the Blue Economy with Laura2630 DiBella | Yachting USA26312632 Business of Maritime: Laura DiBella on Port Operations,2633 Industry Challenges & Growth | YACHTING USA26342635 Port Perspectives--Laura DiBella, Adams & Reese26362637 Ep.141 Boosting Business: Unveiling Florida's Blueprint for2638 Technology & Leadership Innovation26392640 Engaging with Maritime & Economics Expert, Laura DiBella26412642 Logistics of seaports and spaceports with NASA and FHPA26432644 Revitalizing Shipbuilding and the Blue Economy with Laura2645 DiBella | Yachting USA26462647 Business of Maritime: Laura DiBella on Port Operations,2648 Industry Challenges & Growth | YACHTING USA26492650 Port Perspectives--Laura DiBella, Adams & Reese26512652 Engaging with Maritime & Economics Expert, Laura DiBella26532654 Logistics of seaports and spaceports with NASA and FHPA26552656 20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other2657digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated2658an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your2659name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',2660including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used2661on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,2662deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.26632664 LinkedIn (active): www.linkedin.com/in/lauradibella26652666 Facebook (active): https://www.facebook.com/laura.dibella26672668 Twitter (active): Laura DiBella (@FollowMeToFL)/X26692670 Twitter (dormant): Laura DiBella (@thelauradibella)/X26712672 Instagram (active): Laura DiBella (@followmetofl)2673 Instagram photos and videos26742675 Instagram (dormant): LDB (@thelauradibella) Instagram2676 photos and videos26772678 Truth Social (dormant): lauradibella (@lauradibella) | Truth2679 Social26802681 21. Identify each instance in which you have testified orally or in2682writing before Congress in a governmental or non-governmental capacity2683and specify the date, committee, and subject matter of each testimony.2684Not Applicable.2685 22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major2686operational objectives of the Federal Maritime Commission, what in your2687background or employment experience do you believe affirmatively2688qualifies you for appointment to the position for which you have been2689nominated, and why do you wish to serve in that position?2690 I believe that my background and employment experience2691affirmatively qualifies me for appointment to the Commission because I2692have first-hand experience with the major drivers of the economy, which2693include land, air, and maritime transportation, and the way these modes2694intersect. I have been both an on-the-ground practitioner and a leader2695in the economic development and maritime spaces at both the local and2696state level. I understand how crucial it is to make every cog in the2697supply chain wheel not only work but work in a very efficient manner.2698 I wish to serve in this position because I love the maritime2699industry and believe that it is very misunderstood and, therefore, in a2700way inadvertently unappreciated. I have always said that economic2701development would not exist in the absence of seaport activity because2702there are not enough planes, trains, or automobiles to move the vast2703quantity of cargo that is transported over water. With this2704appointment, I hope to play a part in helping reframe the U.S. economic2705revival around the central need for maritime dominance.2706 23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to2707ensure that the Federal Maritime Commission has proper management and2708accounting controls, and what experience do you have in managing a2709large organization?2710 I believe my responsibilities, if confirmed, to ensure that the2711Federal Maritime Commission has proper management and accounting2712controls is paramount to carry out our mission and, most importantly,2713that of the President. I have held several leadership roles of2714differing capacities and my time as Secretary of Commerce/President and2715CEO of Enterprise Florida was the largest organization I have managed2716to date, with 78 FTE employees and $21.8 million budget. Florida is the2717third largest state in the Nation and roughly the 15th largest economy2718in the world at $1.76 trillion GDP at present. Putting the above in2719perspective against our competitive states with much larger budgets2720(California with the first largest budget, and Texas with the second2721largest budget), running a very successful statewide economic2722development organization with a total budget (including salaries) of2723$21.8 million meant that we had to be lean and mean and a very2724efficient, well-oiled machine. I consider myself a servant leader and2725lead by example while fostering an honest, healthy, open,2726collaborative, driven, and winning environment where accountability,2727passion, integrity, and purpose at all levels reigns supreme.2728 24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the2729Federal Maritime Commission, and why?2730 The top three challenges facing the Federal Maritime Commission2731today are, first, maritime choke points around the world, of which2732there are many. The areas of highest concern in today's global climate2733would include the Strait of Hormuz, Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, Strait of2734Malacca, Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Strait of Gibraltar, the English2735Channel, and I would also include the Bering Strait. With 90 percent of2736global trade transiting by sea, the use of efficient and well-2737positioned maritime shipping lanes is essential to reduce transport2738costs and also, very importantly, allow for the safe passage of2739warships. In line with the choke points, are growing concerns about2740restrictions on, and attacks against, certain U.S. and international2741vessel traffic at global seaports for ideological reasons. It is of2742great importance to note that actions restricting the free flow of2743American goods for ideological reasons can disrupt our global supply2744chains and lead to significantly negative economic consequences. The2745targeted attacks on commercial vessels by non-state actors like the2746Houthis in the Red Sea are a prime example of this. These attacks have2747significantly disrupted global trade by forcing shipping companies to2748reroute vessels. There have also been significant threats to critical2749infrastructure, like undersea pipelines and data cables, creating2750additional political pressure and disrupting services by attacking2751critical infrastructure at sea.2752 Second, flags of convenience (FOC) pose a challenge to general2753maritime safety protocols from both the commercial and mariner2754perspectives, and unfortunately best practices can be very difficult to2755enforce. FOC's refers to open registries allowing a shipowner to2756register a vessel in a country other than the one in which the owner is2757based. This is done to take advantage of lower costs and lax2758regulations, which creates numerous issues related to safety, labor,2759and environmental protection. The use of FOC's allows shipowners to2760operate with minimal oversight and accountability. This practice is2761linked to illicit activities and creates or worsens negative2762consequences for global supply chains and critical infrastructure. Key2763issues associated with flags of convenience include the exploitation of2764labor with numerous safety risks to seafarers, which only further2765damages the reputation of the maritime industry from a recruitment2766standpoint. FOC registries are often criticized for minimal oversight2767and for allowing substandard vessel maintenance and safety practices,2768which put crews and the environment at risk. They also can allow2769shipowners to remain legally anonymous through the use of shell2770companies, complicating accountability for crimes or environmental2771violations like illegal trafficking of drugs and arms, human2772trafficking, and sanctions evasion. The use of FOCs contributes to the2773formation of ``shadow fleets,'' whose owners hide their identities and2774use deceptive practices to circumvent international sanctions.2775 Lastly, the climate change framework brought forth by the2776International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other measures aimed at2777reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the global shipping industry has2778been a tightening noose around the neck of the maritime industry for2779quite some time. Measures like these would not only increase costs for2780Americans; they also threaten to reduce the efficient movement of2781vessels, further complicating the operations of the global supply2782chain.2783 b. potential conflicts of interest2784 1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation2785agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,2786clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement2787accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan. Not Applicable.2788 2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,2789to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,2790association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,2791please explain. Not Applicable.2792 3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other2793relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in2794the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will2795resolve each potential conflict of interest. Not Applicable.2796 4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial2797transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for2798yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in2799any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the2800position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve2801each potential conflict of interest. Not Applicable.2802 5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain2803how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest. Not2804Applicable.2805 6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the2806names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the2807purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or2808modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and2809execution of law or public policy.28102811 a. During Florida's 2021 Legislative Session, while employed with2812 the Florida Harbor Pilots Association, I collaborated and2813 supported the drafting, execution, and successful passing of2814 Florida Senate Bill 1194 to protect Florida's ability to2815 conduct international trade and welcome tourists. The Florida2816 Senate Bill 1194 was signed into law on June 30, 2021.28172818 b. In May 2020, while employed by the Florida Harbor Pilots2819 Association, I assisted in the drafting of the U.S. Coast Guard2820 Sector Mobile First-Class Licensing Policy for the Port of2821 Pensacola and Pensacola Bay Pilots on Pilotage Special2822 Requirements.2823 c. legal matters2824 1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,2825professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a2826complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special2827Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary2828committee, or other professional group? If yes:28292830 a. Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or2831 group;28322833 b. Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or2834 personnel action was issued or initiated;28352836 c. Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or2837 personnel action;28382839 d. Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,2840 complaint, or personnel action.28412842 No.2843 2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by2844any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,2845State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for2846a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. No.2847 3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were2848an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency2849proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please2850explain. No.2851 4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo2852contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic2853offense? If so, please explain. No.2854 5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual2855assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,2856race, religion, whistleblower activity, or any other basis? If so,2857please explain. No.2858 6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,2859favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in2860connection with your nomination. No.2861 d. relationship with committee2862 1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/2863corporation complies with deadlines for information set by2864congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/2865corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information2866from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in2867the minority?2868 If confirmed, I will work with my fellow Commissioners to ensure2869that the Federal Maritime Commission complies with deadlines for2870information set by congressional committees, and that the FMC endeavors2871to timely comply with requests for information from individual Members2872of Congress, including requests from members in the minority.2873 2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/2874corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and2875whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.2876 3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested2877witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with2878firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.2879 4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly2880constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be2881reasonably requested to do so? Yes.2882 5. Do you agree, if confirmed, to keep this Committee, its2883subcommittees, other appropriate Committees of Congress, and their2884respective staffs apprised of new information that materially impacts2885the accuracy of testimony, briefings, reports, records--including2886documents and electronic communications, and other information you or2887your organization previously provided?2888 I agree, if confirmed, to keep this Committee, its subcommittees,2889other appropriate Committees of Congress, and their respective staffs2890apprised of new information that materially impacts the accuracy of2891testimony, briefings, reports, records--including documents and2892electronic communications, and other information me or my organization2893previously provided.2894 6. Do you agree, if confirmed, and on request, to provide this2895Committee and its subcommittees with records and other information2896within their oversight jurisdiction, even absent a formal Committee2897request?2898 I agree, if confirmed, and on request, to provide this Committee2899and its subcommittees with records and other information within their2900oversight jurisdiction, even absent a formal Committee request.2901 7. Do you agree, if confirmed, to ensure that you and other members2902of your organization protect from retaliation any military member,2903Federal employee, or contractor employee who testifies before, or2904communicates with this Committee, its subcommittees, and any other2905appropriate committee of Congress?2906 I agree, if confirmed, to ensure that me and other members of my2907organization protect from retaliation any military member, Federal2908employee, or contractor employee who testifies before, or communicates2909with this Committee, its subcommittees, and any other appropriate2910committee of Congress.2911 ______29122913[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]29142915 ______29162917 Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on2918 Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress2919 Upon further review, I have identified additional information that2920is responsive to questions C.3, E.4 and E.1 on the Committee's2921questionnaire. Please see attached Addendum.2922 The undersigned certifies that the information contained in the2923public addendum is true and correct.29242925Laura DiBella Addendum2926September 24, 202529272928 C.3, E.4: I was a defendant in a civil lawsuit captioned American2929Express Centurion Bank v. Di Bella, Laura, Case No. 50-2009-CA-013503,2930filed on 04/10/2009 in Palm Beach County, Florida regarding an2931outstanding credit card debt. This case was resolved and has been2932closed as of 12/17/2012.2933 ______29342935 Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on2936Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress by Laura DiBella.2937 Upon further review, I have identified the following additional2938information that are responsive to questions A.8, A.15, A.18, A.19, and2939Part A, Q10 on the Committee's questionnaire. They are:29402941 A.8 - I am the President of an entity called Sweat Sisters2942 LLC, which was created on 4/12/2013 for when I was a running2943 coach. I do not coach any longer and have not for many years as2944 I simply do not have the time to dedicate to the effort, so the2945 entity is in effect, inactive.29462947 A.15--I have identified political contributions that were2948 inadvertently not disclosed and are listed below. Please note2949 that with the exception of the Republican Party of Florida2950 contribution, the Hillary for America contribution and Nancy2951 Soderberg contribution were associated with events that I had2952 attended with my now ex-husband (Edmund Andrus Healy) who was a2953 registered Democrat.29542955 12/9/2019--Republican Party of Florida, $1,05029562957 3/7/16--Hillary for America, $50029582959 9/28/12--Nancy Soderberg (FL), $50029602961 A.18 - My current and previous positions were very outward2962 facing and therefore required me to participate in frequent2963 speaking engagements. I have identified panels and other2964 speaking engagements that were previously not disclosed. They2965 are listed here:29662967 4/6/2016--Panel--Women Making the Deals CREW2968 Jacksonville (no hyperlink available)29692970 1/18/2018--Speech--Men's Newcomers Club, Fernandina2971 Beach Golf Club (no hyperlink available)29722973 9/16/2020--Speech--Propeller Club Port of Washington,2974 DC (no hyperlink available)29752976 10/6/2020--Speech--Propeller Club Port of Jacksonville2977 (no hyperlink available)29782979 11/16/2020--Speech--Propeller Club Port of2980 Jacksonville (no hyperlink available)29812982 11/17/2020--Panel--Florida Seaports: Focused on the2983 Future29842985 2/22/2022--Speech--Florida Harbor Pilots Association2986 Annual Maritime Industry Awards Night (no hyperlink2987 available)29882989 10/25/2022--Panel--Chamber Forum: Manufacturing,2990 logistics are key to continued economic success29912992 3/21/2023--Speech--Beth Cicchetti of the Floria2993 Economic Development Council and Laura DiBella of2994 Enterprise Florida, NEBA29952996 4/18/2023--Speech--P3 Airport Summit Keynote (no2997 hyperlink available)29982999 4/21/2023--Panel--eMerge30003001 5/19/2023--Speech--2023 Florida Supply Chain Summit30023003 6/13/2023--Panel--CCIM Conference (no hyperlink3004 available)30053006 9/21/2023--Speech--LEAD Annual Dinner30073008 9/25/2023--Speech--Clay FL Economic Development3009 Corporation Q3 2023 Presentation30103011 10/12/2023--Panel--Gainesville Innovation Summit 202330123013 10/19/2023--Speech--LBC with Laura DiBella intro,3014 Leadership Business Council30153016 10/25/2023--Speech--LeverX Third Annual Innovation3017 Forum, Business Wire (no hyperlink available)30183019 11/8/2023--Panel--Taking Action For a Resilient Global3020 Supply Chain, Port Miami Global Gateway World Strategic3021 Forum30223023 1/15/2024--Speech--Taiwanese Chambers of Commerce of3024 North America (no hyperlink available)30253026 2/16/2024--Speech--Volusia County Economic Development3027 ``Q'' Breakfast30283029 3/22/2024--Speech--Jacksonville Venture30303031 4/11/2024, Speech--Port Perspectives--Laura DiBella,3032 Adams & Reese, International Association of Maritime & Port3033 Executives30343035 4/18/2024, Speech--Taubman Center, Harvard Kennedy3036 School (no hyperlink available)30373038 9/5/2024--Panel--Israel and Miami: The U.S.3039 Destination for Startup Nation, eMerge Americas30403041 9/11/2024--Panel--Florida Supply Chain Summit (no3042 hyperlink available)30433044 9/18/2024--Panel--South Florida Innovation Day, Alan3045 B. Levan, NSU Broward Center of innovation (no hyperlink3046 available)30473048 10/10/2024--Panel--America Decides 2024: Elections3049 Have Consequences: Harris/Walz vs. Trump/Vance,3050 Transportation Club of Jacksonville (no hyperlink3051 available, event was cancelled due to Hurricane Milton)30523053 1/31/2025--Speech--2025 Economic Forecast, Nassau3054 County Economic Development Board (no hyperlink available)30553056 A.19--In tandem with A.18, I have made public statements3057 that were previously not disclosed. They are as follows:30583059 4/9/2015--Article--Workspace: Laura DiBella enjoys3060 bringing Nassau County to the closing table | Jax Daily3061 Record30623063 9/2016--Article--Around the State Northeast, Looking3064 up: A major development project is shifting attention north3065 of Jacksonville, FloridaTrend30663067 1/26/2018--Article--The seeds for growth, Jacksonville3068 Business Journal30693070 6/30/2019--Podcast--The Exciting Future of Nassau3071 County: An Interview with Laura DiBella, The Miller Report30723073 8/12/2019--Article--https://www.postandcourier.com/3074 business/charleston3075 -green-gas-company-investing-in-renewable-energy/3076 article_27059232-b7b7-3077 11e9-9a13-e3c674363822.html30783079 10/31/2019--Article--https://www.bizjournals.com/3080 jacksonville/news/2019/3081 10/31/laura-dibella-talks-nassau-countys-struggle-to.html30823083 9/23/2021--Podcast--MotivationU the Podcast30843085 2/25/2022--Podcast--Logistics of Seaports and3086 spaceports with NASA and FHPA, What the Truck?!?,3087 FreightWaves30883089 7/24/2022--Podcast--Engaging with Maritime & Economics3090 Expert, Laura DiBella, Round Table Group30913092 11/8/2022--Article--https://www.flgov.com/eog/news/3093 press/2022/florida3094 -ranks-1-nation-attracting-and-developing-skilled-3095 workforce#: :text=Governor3096 %20Ron%20DeSantis%20announced%20this%20ranking%20as,best%20s3097 tate3098 %20to%20learn%2C%20work%20and%20live30993100 2/6/2023--Article--Enterprise Florida Board of3101 Directors Confirms Laura DiBella as President and CEO,3102 Florida Trend31033104 3/17/2023--Article--Laura DiBella: Northeast Florida3105 is the right spot31063107 3/18/2023--Podcast--TechTables Podcast31083109 5/9/2023--Podcast--Synapse Summit, Synapse Podcast31103111 5/15/2023--Article--OPEN FOR BUSINESS: Flagler County3112 welcomes new manufacturing plant for India's Vidya Herbs3113 The Daytona Beach31143115 5/23/2023--Article--The National Security Importance3116 of the Jones Act Recognized on National Maritime Day MENAFN31173118 5/24/2023--Article--https://www.cosentino.com/usa/3119 blog/cosentino-group3120 -announces-investment-in-florida-plan-to-expand-3121 manufacturing-to-north-america/31223123 5/30/2023--Article--As agency changes, outgoing3124 Florida commerce secretary talks incentives, space and more3125 Jacksonville Business Journal31263127 6/1/2023--Article--Laura DiBella: Florida's Tech3128 Bloom, Florida Funders Skin in the Game VC Podcast31293130 7/17/2023--Podcast--John D. Villarreal Show #531313132 9/13/2023--Podcast--Sunshine Startups Live Episode 4:3133 Laura DiBella--President and CEO of Enterprise Florida,3134 Levan Center Live31353136 9/28/2023--Article--Enterprise Florida Exiting, Florida3137 Trend31383139 10/2/2023--Article--Doors closing on Enterprise Florida3140 Backroom Briefing, Orlando Sentinel31413142 2/19/2024--Article--https://floridapolitics.com/archives/3143 60005-sunburn-the-morning-read-of-whats-hot-in-florida-3144 politics-2-19-24/31453146 1/26/2024--Article--Nassau economic development forum:3147 `Money follows the innovation' News Leader31483149 Part A, Q10--Below is the list of advisory,3150 consultative, honorary, or other part-time service or3151 positions with Federal, State, or local governments to3152 which I have served after 18 years of age (dates added):31533154 3/2018-1/2023: Vice Chair of Florida State College at3155 Jacksonville District Board of Trustees31563157 2/2021 to present: Volunteer as a certified guardian in3158 Florida's 2nd Judicial Circuit Guardian ad Litem Program31593160 3/2021 to present: Co-Chair of FDOT Florida Freight Advisory3161 Committee31623163 10/2023 to present: University of Florida I-STREET Advisory3164 Board Member31653166 3/2025 to present: National Oceanic & Atmospheric3167 Administration (NOAA) Industry Advisory Committee Member, ``The3168 Continuum'' Enterprise Accelerator31693170 5/2025 to present: University of Florida, Florida3171 Semiconductor Institute (FSI) Stakeholder Advisory Board31723173 Chairman Cruz. Thank you. I now recognize Mr. Harvey for3174his opening statement.31753176 STATEMENT OF ROBERT HARVEY, NOMINEE TO BE A COMMISSIONER,3177 FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION31783179 Mr. Harvey. Thank you. Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member3180Cantwell, and members of the Committee, it is an honor to3181appear before you today as a nominee to be Commissioner of the3182Federal Maritime Commission. I also want to thank your3183respective staff for all their efforts and the professionalism3184shown to me during the nomination process.3185 I would like to thank Commissioners Dye, Vekich, and Maffei3186for meeting with me during the confirmation process and for3187today's hearing. I would like to recognize my wife, Debra3188Jenks, who has been my law partner, is my life partner, and has3189fully supported me in my desire to return to public service.3190Finally, I would like to thank President Trump for the honor of3191nominating me today.3192 If confirmed, I look forward to continuing the important3193work of the FMC at this critical time for the United States3194ocean transportation system and supply chain. I will work to3195ensure that the FMC maintains a competitive and reliable3196international ocean transportation system and protects U.S.3197consumers, exporters, and importers from unlawful, unfair, and3198deceptive ocean transportation practices.3199 For the past 3 years, I have been engaged in multiple3200economic development roles in Florida. With 1,300 miles of3201coastline, 16 public seaports, and 7 cruise ports, I have3202gained an even greater appreciation for the maritime industry.3203 While I am a proud Floridian, I was born, raised, and3204educated in Illinois. The first waterborne commerce I ever saw3205was barge traffic, containing agriculture, coal, and bulk3206goods, floating on the Des Plaines River, through the middle of3207my hometown of Joliet.3208 The first large bulk carrier I ever saw was a laker. The3209Great Lakes shipping industry supports tens of thousands of3210jobs directly, and is a vital economic engine for the cities,3211towns, and people, of the region. If confirmed, I look forward3212to ensuring fair conditions for all U.S. shipping.3213 I began my career with the U.S. Navy, where I served on3214active duty as a Navy Judge Advocate and Special Assistant U.S.3215Attorney. After leaving active duty I served in the Reserves3216with Amphibious Group 2, in Little Creek, Virginia, and with3217the U.S. Naval Forces Europe, in London. One of the lesson3218learned from my time in the Navy is that economic security and3219national security are inseparable.3220 After leaving active duty I began my civilian law career in3221private practice. After two years I had the opportunity to join3222a startup. Not knowing what a startup was, I leapt at the3223opportunity, moved to New York City, and ultimately became the3224Senior Vice President and General Counsel. After being with3225that company for 7 years and a successful exit, I have served3226in various roles in law, business, finance, and public service.3227 Most recently I have been a partner of Jenks & Harvey, a3228law firm in West Palm Beach, where my practice was concentrated3229in securities litigation, arbitration, and regulation. I3230returned to the public sector in November 2022, as the General3231Counsel of Enterprise Florida, Florida's principal economic3232development organization.3233 Today, I serve as President and Executive Director of the3234Florida Opportunity Fund, Florida's venture capital fund. The3235fund is a $180 million fund investing in Florida-based, new3236technology companies. In terms of the maritime industry, we3237have invested in cybersecurity companies that protect critical3238assets including vessels, ports, and maritime infrastructure.3239We have invested in companies that fuse real-time data with AI3240to track maritime missions, improve operational efficiency at3241sea and at shore. We have invested in logistics companies,3242which provide multimodal, last-mile delivery solutions, which3243reduces shipping time and costs. Currently we are reviewing3244quantum solutions in the marine industry, enabling potential3245breakthroughs in route and fleet optimization, sensing and3246navigation, secure communication, and predictive maintenance.3247 Finally, I also serve as the Executive Director of the3248Florida Development Finance Corporation. That is the state-3249authorized issuer of industrial revenue bonds. In the last two3250years, FDFC has issued over $8 billion of tax-exempt, taxable,3251and private activity bonds. We are currently reviewing several3252projects where private activity bonds may be used for marine3253infrastructure, including ports, docks, wharves, and3254manufacturing.3255 If confirmed, I believe that my over 35 years of diverse3256experience in the military, legal and regulatory affairs,3257business, investment and finance, technology, and economic3258development will allow me to positively contribute to FMC's3259vital mission.3260 In closing, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and3261members of the Committee, thank you very much for holding this3262hearing today.3263 [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.3264Harvey follow:]32653266 Prepared Statement of Robert Harvey, Nominee to be a Commissioner,3267 U.S. Federal Maritime Commission3268 Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell and members of the3269Committee, good morning and thank you for the opportunity to appear3270here before you today as a nominee to be Commissioner of the Federal3271Maritime Commission (FMC). I also want to thank your respective staff3272for all their efforts and the professionalism shown to me during the3273nomination process.3274 I would like to thank Commissioners Dye, Maffei, and Vekich for3275meeting with me during the confirmation process and for attending3276today's hearing. Most importantly, I would like to recognize my wife,3277Debra, who has been my law partner, is my life partner, and has fully3278supported me in my desire to return to public service. Finally, I would3279like to thank President Trump for the honor of nominating me to be a3280Commissioner of the FMC.3281 If confirmed, I will continue the important work of the FMC at this3282critical time for the United States ocean transportation system and3283supply chain.3284 I look forward to ensuring that FMC maintains a competitive and3285reliable international ocean transportation system and protects U.S.3286consumers, exporters and importers from unlawful, unfair, and deceptive3287ocean transportation practices.3288 For the past three years, I have been engaged in multiple economic3289development roles in Florida.3290 With 1300 miles of coastline, sixteen public seaports and seven3291cruise ports, I have gained an even greater appreciation for the3292maritime industry, supply chains, and port access, not only for Florida3293but the entire country.3294 While I am a proud Floridian, I was born, raised, and educated in3295Illinois.3296 The first water-borne commerce I ever saw was barge traffic,3297containing agriculture, coal and bulk goods, floating on the Des3298Plaines River, through the middle of my hometown of Joliet.3299 The first large bulk carrier I ever saw was a laker.3300 The Great Lakes shipping industry supports tens of thousands of3301jobs directly, and is a vital economic engine for the cities, towns,3302and people, of the region.3303 I will work to ensure fair conditions for the entire U.S. shipping3304industry.3305 I began my career with the United States Navy, where I served on3306active duty at Naval Station Great Lakes, Illinois, as a Navy Judge3307Advocate and Special Assistant U.S. Attorney. I also served on active3308duty as Senior Defense Counsel and Senior Trial Counsel at Naval Legal3309Service Office, Great Lakes.3310 After leaving active duty I served as a reservist with Amphibious3311Group 2, Little Creek, Virginia and U.S. Naval Forces Europe, London,3312United Kingdom.3313 The lesson learned from my time in the Navy is that economic3314security and national security are inseparable. U.S. national security3315protects our economic assets, including critical infrastructure, supply3316chains, port access, and international trade routes, from both3317traditional and emerging threats.3318 After leaving active duty I began my civilian law career in private3319practice in Illinois. After two years I had the opportunity to join3320startup Meridian VAT Reclaim North America in New York, New York, where3321I became Meridian's Senior Vice President of Operations & General3322Counsel. After Meridian was acquired in 1999, I served in various roles3323as in law, business, investment management, finance, and public3324service.3325 From 2015 to 2022, I was a Founding Partner of Jenks & Harvey LLP3326in West Palm Beach, Florida, where my practice was concentrated in3327securities litigation, arbitration, and regulation.3328 I returned to the public sector in November 2022 as the General3329Counsel of Enterprise Florida, Inc., Florida's principal economic3330development organization.3331 Today, I serve as President and Executive Director of the Florida3332Opportunity Fund, Inc. (FOF). FOF is a $180 million venture capital3333fund which invests in Florida-based, new technology companies. These3334investments have been crucial in supporting new businesses, creating3335jobs in Florida, and further diversifying the state's economy. FOF3336focuses on technology sectors that are strategic to Florida including3337artificial intelligence, life sciences, information technology,3338advanced manufacturing processes, aviation and aerospace, homeland3339security and defense, and cybersecurity, among other strategic areas.3340 Related to FMC's mission, FOF has invested in (1) cybersecurity/3341information technology companies that protect critical infrastructure;3342including vessels, ports and marine infrastructure; (2) companies that3343fuse real-time data with artificial intelligence to monitor maritime3344emissions and improve operational efficiency, at sea and ashore, and;3345(3) logistics companies providing multimodal last-mile delivery3346solutions, which improve visibility and reduce shipping time and cost.3347 FOF has begun to review investments in quantum solutions for the3348marine industry, enabling potential breakthroughs in route and fleet3349optimization, quantum sensing and navigation, secure quantum3350communication, and predictive maintenance and environmental modeling.3351 Finally, I also serve as the Executive Director of Florida3352Development Finance Corporation (FDFC). FDFC is the state authorized3353issuer of industrial revenue bonds. FDFC supports economic development3354by assisting for-profit and not-for-profit businesses with access to3355capital for project financing. The primary mechanism for accessing3356capital markets is tax-exempt and taxable bonds.3357 In the last two fiscal years, FDFC successfully facilitated the3358authorization and issuance of over $8.0 billion of tax-exempt, taxable,3359and private activity bonds, across a wide range of sectors, including3360transportation, solid waste, and healthcare.3361 FDFC is currently reviewing multiple projects where private3362activity bonds may be used for investment for infrastructure projects3363like ports, including docks, wharves, and related facilities, including3364commercial manufacturing.3365 If confirmed as a Commissioner of the FMC, I believe my over 353366years of diverse experience in the military, legal and regulatory3367affairs, business, investment and finance, technology, and economic3368development will allow me to positively contribute to FMC's vital3369mission.3370 In conclusion, Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and members3371of the Committee, if given the opportunity and privilege of serving as3372a Federal Maritime Commissioner, I promise you that I will follow the3373statutory requirements of the law in a fair and unbiased manner. I also3374promise to respond to requests of this Committee as you fulfill your3375oversight responsibilities of the FMC.3376 Thank you.3377 ______33783379 a. biographical information3380 1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): Robert John3381Harvey.3382 2. Position to which nominated: Commissioner, Federal Maritime3383Commission.3384 3. Date of Nomination: September 3, 2025.3385 4. Address (List current place of residence and office addresses):33863387 Residence: Information not released to the public.3388 Office: Information not provided.33893390 5. Date and Place of Birth: Joliet, IL.3391 6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your3392spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your3393children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).33943395 Spouse: Debra A. Jenks; Owner of Debra A. Jenks, PA. We have no3396 children.33973398 7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not3399you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the3400institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of3401the degree.34023403 Southern Illinois University School of Law, 1983-1986, J.D.3404 awarded 198634053406 Eastern Illinois University, 1981-1983, B.S. Business, awarded3407 198334083409 Joliet Junior College, 1979-1981, Associate in Arts34103411 8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,3412name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all3413management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to3414the position for which you are nominated.34153416 * denotes management-level jobs and non-managerial jobs that relate3417to the position for which I have been nominated.34183419 All post-graduate employment includes:34203421 President & Executive Director, Florida Opportunity Fund, Inc.3422 (FOF)*3423 01/2023 to present34243425 Executive Director, Florida Development Finance Corporation3426 (FDFC)*3427 07/2023 to present34283429 General Counsel, Enterprise Florida, Inc. (EFI)*3430 11/2022-12/202334313432 Owner, Jenks & Harvey LLP*3433 04/2015-11/202234343435 Partner, Klayman & Toskes3436 11/2014-04/201534373438 Partner, Ciklin Lubitz Martens & O'Connell3439 03/2013-11/201434403441 Partner, Schwed Kahle & Jenks3442 11/2010-02/201334433444 Attorney, Frank White-Boyd3445 11/2009-11/201034463447 Owner, Law Firm of Robert J. Harvey, P.A.3448 07/2009-04/202334493450 Managing Member, KCF Management LLC, Kensington Capital Fund LP3451 06/2003-01/201434523453 Managing Member, Bateleur LLC3454 06/2001-07/200834553456 Chief Operating Officer, Imperial Software*3457 05/2000-06/200134583459 Director of Operations, MBIA Muniservices*3460 05/1999-05/200034613462 Senior Vice President of Operations & General Counsel*3463 Meridian VAT Reclaim, North America3464 09/1992-05/199934653466 Attorney, James Hoffman & Associates3467 04/1990-08/199234683469 Lieutenant Commander, Judge Advocate General's Corps, United3470 States Navy*3471 08/1986-12/1986 (Officer Indoctrination School--Temporary3472 Active Duty)3473 01/1987-03/1990 (Active Duty)3474 04/1990-08/2001 (Reserves)34753476 9. Attach a copy of your resume.3477 See attached resume.3478 10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time3479service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other3480than those listed above after 18 years of age.3481 Listed below in reverse chronological order are the advisory,3482consultative, honorary, or other part-time service or positions with3483Federal, State, or local governments, other than those listed above to3484which I have served after 18 years of age:34853486 State of Florida, 15th Circuit Judicial Nominating, Commission3487 2015 to present, Chair (2019-2023), Vice-Chair (2015-2019)34883489 Impact Fee Review Committee, Vice Chair, Palm Beach County3490 (2021 to present) West Palm Beach Federal Courthouse Committee3491 (2018 to present)34923493 Land Development Regulation Advisory Board, Palm Beach County3494 (2017-2023)34953496 Equestrian Preserve Committee, Wellington, Florida (2007-2008)34973498 Planning Board, Town of East Hampton, New York (2003-2005)34993500 11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,3501partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any3502corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,3503educational, or other institution. None.3504 12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or3505currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,3506political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously3507affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization3508(You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a3509religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership3510and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note3511whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis3512of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.3513 Listed below are all the memberships I have had after 18 years of3514age or currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,3515political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously3516affiliated organization, private club, or other membership3517organization:35183519 Florida Bar (2009 to present)35203521 Palm Beach County Bar (2009 to present)35223523 Ocean Reef Club (2012 to present)35243525 Palm Beach Yacht Club (2011 to present)35263527 Palm Beach County Bar Securities Law Committee, Chair (2015-3528 2016)35293530 Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association,3531 Compliance & Legal Society (2010-2018)35323533 Florida Securities Dealers Association (2014-2018)35343535 Arbitrator, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (2015 to3536 present)35373538 Republican National Lawyers Association (2022 to present)35393540 Federalist Society (2013 to present)35413542 None of the above restricts membership on the basis of sex, race,3543color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.3544 13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office3545(elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any3546campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are3547personally liable for that debt. No.3548 14. List all memberships and offices held with and services3549rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or3550election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid3551position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether3552compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,3553identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year3554of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.3555 15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign3556organization, political party, political action committee, or similar3557entity of $200 or more for the past ten years.3558 Listed below are all political contributions to any individual,3559campaign organization, political party, political action committee, or3560similar entity of $200 or more for the past ten years:35613562Bobby Powell $2003563Andrew Watt $2003564Al Jacquet $2003565Hal Valeche $5003566Dave Kerner $2003567Mac Bernard $2003568Melissa McKinley $5003569Adam Putnam $5003570Rick Roth $2003571Ron DeSantis $1,0003572Brian Mast $2503573Michael Caruso $1,0003574Rick Scott $1,00035753576 16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary3577society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition3578for outstanding service or achievements.3579 The following list includes all scholarships, fellowships, honorary3580degrees, honorary society memberships, military medals, and any other3581special recognition for outstanding service or achievements:35823583 Navy Achievement Medal3584 Leadership New York IX35853586 17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,3587Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,3588individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when3589possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the3590publication when available. None.3591 18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,3592PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for3593which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when3594possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the3595speech or presentation when available.35963597 Superyacht Builders Association, Palm Beach, Florida (March3598 2025)3599 https://www.linkedin.com/posts/robert-harvey-44190610_kicking-3600 off-the-2025-3601 palm-beach-international-activity-73079716901001093l2-n6OG/3602 ?originalSub3603 domain=pe36043605 19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten3606years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and3607television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position3608for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to3609each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a3610digital copy of the statement when available. None.3611 20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other3612digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated3613an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your3614name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',3615including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used3616on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,3617deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.3618 Listed below are all digital platforms (including social media and3619other digital content sites) on which I currently or have formerly3620operated an account, regardless of whether the account was held in my3621name or an alias:36223623 LinkedIn (active): https://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-harvey-3624 44190610/36253626 Facebook (active): https://www.facebook.com/robert.harvey.3785336273628 X (formerly Twitter) (active): https://x.com/FLBIZNOW36293630 Instagram (active): https://www.instagram.com/robertharvey00/3631 ?hl=en36323633 21. Identify each instance in which you have testified orally or in3634writing before Congress in a governmental or non-governmental capacity3635and specify the date, committee, and subject matter of each testimony.3636None.3637 22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major3638operational objectives of the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC), what3639in your background or employment experience do you believe3640affirmatively qualifies you for appointment to the position for which3641you have been nominated, and why do you wish to serve in that position?3642 Given the current mission, major programs, and major operational3643objectives of the Federal Maritime Commission, I believe that having3644over 35 years of government, legal, and business operations experience3645affinnatively qualifies me for appointment to the Commission.3646 My professional career began with my service in the United States3647Navy where I served on active duty from 1987-1990 (1990-2001 reserve3648duty) as a Navy Judge Advocate and Special Assistant U.S. Attorney. As3649a result, I have always had a deep appreciation for the relationship3650between the U.S. military and commercial maritime sectors. National3651security and economic security are essential to maintaining a vibrant3652maritime industry. For example, naval freedom of navigation operations3653is critical to maintaining supply chains and port access globally. I3654look forward to cooperating and coordinating with departments and3655agencies to support a secure and prosperous maritime economy.3656 For nearly the past three years, I have been engaged in multiple3657economic development roles in Florida. With 1300 miles of coastline,3658sixteen public seaports and seven cruise ports, I have gained an even3659greater appreciation for the criticality of the maritime industry,3660supply chains, and port access for Florida and the country.3661 As the maritime industry moves forward it is a given that3662technology will play a major role. In my current role as President of3663the Florida Opportunity Fund I have overseen the growth of a technology3664portfolio of 54 emerging technology companies, including companies3665tracking maritime emissions and multimodal logistics. Artificial3666intelligence, smart contracts and blockchain technologies are just some3667of the technologies that will continue to shape the maritime industry3668going forward.3669 Finally, my law practice was concentrated on secunt1es litigation,3670arbitration, and regulation, in state and Federal courts and securities3671regulators. I appreciate and understand the effectiveness of robust3672enforcement, investigation, and compliance and look forward to3673supporting those programs at FMC.3674 Why do I wish to serve?3675 I have always made public service and integral part of my3676professional career. Service as an FMC Commissioner would be the honor3677of a lifetime and the highlight of my public service. As shown in my3678application, since leaving active duty I have always made time for3679public service on the state and local level. I presently hold the3680following positions: State of Florida, 15th Circuit Judicial Nominating3681Commission. 2015 to present, Chair (2019-2023), Vice-Chair (2015-2019)3682and the Impact Fee Review Committee, Vice Chair, Palm Beach County3683(2021 to present).3684 23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to3685ensure that the FMC has proper management and accounting controls, and3686what experience do you have in managing a large organization?3687 If confirmed, I will accept any responsibilities as assigned to3688ensure that the FMC has proper management and accounting controls in3689place. In my current roles at FOF and FDFC, I have ultimate3690responsibility for annual audits, in addition to ensuring that proper3691management and accounting controls are followed and in place.3692 24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the3693FMC, and why?3694 The top three challenges facing the FMC are as follows:36953696 1. Global Chokepoints-Freedom of Navigation36973698 FMC has rightly initiated an investigation of conditions at3699 seven key global chokepoints--the English Channel, the Malacca3700 Strait, the Northern Sea Passage, the Singapore Strait, the3701 Panama Canal, the Strait of Gibraltar, and the Suez Canal. With3702 90 percent of global trade moving by sea, unobstructed shipping3703 lanes are essential to U.S. economic prosperity.37043705 Additional areas of concern are the unlawful and sweeping3706 maritime claims in the South China Sea which pose a serious3707 threat to the freedom of the seas, including the freedoms of3708 navigation and overflight, free trade and unimpeded commerce,3709 and freedom of economic opportunity for South China Sea3710 littoral nations.37113712 The United States must continue to challenge excessive maritime3713 claims around the world regardless of the identity of the3714 claimant. The international community has an enduring role in3715 preserving the freedom of the seas, which is critical to global3716 security, stability, and prosperity.37173718 2. Competition37193720 The number of major carriers in the U.S. transpacific and3721 transatlantic trades has decreased from 20 in 2015 to 11 by3722 2022. due to ocean carrier mergers and the bankruptcy of one3723 major carrier.37243725 The FMC must continue to monitor the competitive market effects3726 of collaborative agreements among competitors, such as vessel3727 sharing agreements (alliances are vessel sharing agreements3728 that operate globally) or joint ventures to ensure that3729 operators which compete against each other in the market, do3730 not result in a reduction in competition that produces3731 unreasonable increases in transportation costs or unreasonable3732 decreases in transportation services.37333734 3. Flags of Convenience37353736 Not all foreign ship registries share a commitment with the3737 United States to ocean shipping integrity and accountability.3738 The lack of ship registry accountability not only disadvantages3739 U.S.-flag shipping, but also presents a problem in addressing3740 smuggling operations, sanctions evasion, disguised ownership,3741 and other irregularities.37423743 The vessel registration practices of certain foreign countries,3744 so-called flags of convenience, are creating unfavorable3745 shipping conditions in the foreign trade of the United States.3746 These flags enable unsafe vessels to operate and further enable3747 shadow fleet activity and the evasion of sanctions.3748 b. potential conflicts of interest3749 1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation3750agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,3751clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement3752accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan. None.3753 2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,3754to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,3755association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,3756please explain. No.3757 3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other3758relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in3759the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will3760resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.3761 4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial3762transaction which you have bad during the last ten years, whether for3763yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in3764any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the3765position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve3766each potential conflict of interest. None.3767 5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain3768how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest. None.3769 6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the3770names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the3771purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or3772modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and3773execution of law or public policy. None.3774 c. legal matters3775 1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,3776professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a3777complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special3778Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary3779committee, or other professional group? If yes:37803781 a. Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or3782 group;37833784 b. Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or3785 personnel action was issued or initiated;37863787 c. Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or3788 personnel action;37893790 d. Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,3791 complaint, or personnel action.37923793 No3794 2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by3795any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,3796State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for3797a minor traffic offense? If so, please explain. No.3798 3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were3799an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency3800proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation? If so, please3801explain.3802 Both FOF and FDFC have been parties to litigation. No litigation3803has ever been determined to have a material, adverse effect on either3804FOF or FDFC's financial position. Both corporations are independently3805audited on an annual basis.3806 I have been a party in two divorce cases in Illinois (1995) and3807Florida (2009).3808 I was named as a party in a foreclosure action in Florida in 20113809that involved a former marital residence lived in by my ex-wife. I was3810not on the note, just a nominal Defendant due to ownership interest.3811Judgment was entered solely against my ex-wife.3812 4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo3813contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic3814offense? If so, please explain. No.3815 5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual3816assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,3817race, religion, whistleblower activity, or any other basis? If so,3818please explain. No.3819 6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,3820favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in3821connection with your nomination. No.3822 d. relationship with committee3823 1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/3824corporation complies with deadlines for information set by3825congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/3826corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information3827from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in3828the minority?3829 If confirmed, yes, I will ensure that the FMC complies with3830deadlines for information set by congressional committees, and that the3831FMC endeavors to timely comply with requests for information from3832individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in the3833minority.3834 2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/3835corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and3836whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures?3837 Yes, I will ensure that the FMC does whatever it can to protect3838congressional witnesses and whistleblowers from reprisal for their3839testimony and disclosures.3840 3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested3841witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with3842firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee?3843 Yes. I will cooperate in providing the Committee with requested3844witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with3845firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee.3846 4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly3847constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be3848reasonably requested to do so?3849 Yes, I am willing to appear and testify before any duly constituted3850committee of the Congress on such occasions as I may be reasonably3851requested to do so.3852 5. Do you agree, if confirmed, to keep this Committee, its3853subcommittees, other appropriate Committees of Congress, and their3854respective staffs apprised of new information that materially impacts3855the accuracy of testimony, briefings, reports, records-including3856documents and electronic communications, and other information you or3857your organization previously provided?3858 Yes, I agree, if confirmed, to keep this Committee, its3859subcommittees, other appropriate Committees of Congress, and their3860respective staffs apprised of new information that materially impacts3861the accuracy of testimony, briefings, reports, records-including3862documents and electronic communications, and other information.3863 6. Do you agree, if confirmed, and on request, to provide this3864Committee and its subcommittees with records and other information3865within their oversight jurisdiction, even absent a formal Committee3866request?3867 Yes, I agree, if confirmed, and on request, to provide this3868Committee and its subcommittees with records and other information3869within their oversight jurisdiction, even absent a formal Committee3870request.3871 7. Do you agree, if confirmed, to ensure that you and other members3872of your organization protect from retaliation any military member,3873Federal employee, or contractor employee who testifies before, or3874communicates with this Committee, its subcommittees, and any other3875appropriate committee of Congress?3876 Yes, I agree, if confirmed, to ensure that I and other members of3877the FMC protect from retaliation any military member, Federal employee,3878or contractor employee who testifies before, or communicates with this3879Committee, its subcommittees, and any other appropriate committee of3880Congress.38813882[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]38833884 ______38853886 Speaking Engagements3887 Venture Capital in Florida, Florida Business Seminar, Paris, France3888(June 2025)38893890 Venture Capital and Corporate Investment in the Energy Sector,3891Middle East Energy 2025--Global Innovation Forum, Dubai, United Arab3892Emirates (April 2025)38933894 Opportunities in SpaceTech, Israel Tech Week, Miami, Florida (March38952025)38963897 Superyacht Builders Association, Palm Beach, Florida (March 2025)38983899 Investment Insights, Plug and Play Selection Day Batch 2-Aerospace,3900Dual-Use, and Semiconductor Technologies, NeoCity, Kissimmee, Florida3901(March 2025)39023903 Investment Insights, Funding Solutions for Life Sciences3904Innovation, BioFlorida Innovation Conference, Lake Buena Vista, Florida3905(November 2024)39063907 Panel Discussion, Plug and Play NeoCity Semiconductors Expo,3908Kissimmee, Florida (October 2024)39093910 Israel Venture Tech Showcase, Las Olas Chabad Jewish Center, Fort3911Lauderdale, Florida (September 2024)39123913 The State of Innovation, South Florida Innovation Day, Alan B.3914Levan-NSU Broward Center of Innovation, Fort Lauderdale, Florida3915(September 2024)39163917 Demystifying Access to Capital, Business Development Board, Martin3918County Florida (September 2024)39193920 Corporate Counsel Roundtable, Florida Bar-Business Law Section3921Annual Retreat, Naples, Florida (August 2024)39223923 What is Venture Capital, and is it for me?--Understanding the3924Florida Opportunity Fund, 2024 Small Business Success Summit, Ponte3925Vedra, Florida (August 2024)39263927 Entrepreneurial Coaching, 35 Mules, Florida Power & Light, Juno3928Beach, Florida (August 2024)39293930 The Association for Manufacturing Technology, Interview, Haddy,3931Inc., St. Petersburg, Florida (July 2024)39323933 Venture Capital in Florida, PLUG and PLAY Silicon Valley Summit,3934Sunnyvale, California (May 2024)39353936 Venture Capital in Florida, Venture in the South, Podcast, (May39372024) Venture Capital in Florida, Business Brokers of Florida Annual3938Meeting, Deerfield Beach, Florida (April 2024)39393940 State of Venture Capital in Florida, 2024 Florida Venture Forum3941Capital Conference, Miami, Florida (February 2024)39423943 Strategies for Attracting Global Technology Companies to Florida,39442023 BioFlorida Conference, Ponte Vedra, Florida (October 2023)39453946 The Future of Economic Development: Optimizing for Impact, Edison3947Awards--Meet the Innovators Forum, Fort Myers, Florida (April 2023)39483949 Executive Branch Experiences-Lessons from the Front Lines,3950Federalist Society of South Florida, West Palm Beach, Florida (April39512023)39523953 Journey to the Gavel, Palm Beach County Justice Association, West3954Palm Beach, Florida (April 2023)39553956 CIED Venture Symposium, Santa Fe College, Gainesville, Florida3957(April 2023)39583959 Florida Opportunity Fund-Year to Date, Enterprise Florida, Inc.,3960Quarterly Board of Directors Meeting, Tallahassee, Florida (March 2023)39613962 Florida Venture Forum-Capital Crawl, Miami, Florida (February 2023)39633964 The Question of States' Rights: The Constitution and American3965Federalism, South Fork High School, Stuart, Florida (September 2022)39663967 Florida's Judicial Nominating Commissions, The Hispanic Vote Palm3968Beach County-Community Leaders Meeting, Greenacres, Florida (July 2022)39693970 Palm Beach County Elections: Why They Matter? Boca Raton/Boynton3971Beach Florida Chamber of Commerce, Boca Raton, Florida (July 2022)39723973 How to Prepare for a Pathway to the Bench, Palm Beach County3974Hispanic Bar Association webinar (June 2022)39753976 Elements of An Effective and Successful JNC Application, Palm Beach3977County Bar Association, Committee for Diversity and Inclusion, 20223978Road to the Bench Academy webinar (March 2022)39793980 Pathway to the Bench: Panel Discussion on the Judicial Appointment3981Process and the Role of Judge as a Career, Palm Beach County Bar3982Association CLE webinar (October 2021)39833984 So, You've Applied, What's Next? Palm Beach County Bar Association3985Committee for Diversity and Inclusion 2021 Road to the Bench Academy3986webinar (March 2021)39873988 FINRA Arbitration Hot Topics for 2020: Updates You Should Know, The3989Knowledge Group, LLC's nationwide webcast (December 2019)39903991 FINRA Arbitration 2019--Regulatory Trends and Arbitration3992Procedures, ProLawCLE's nationwide webinar (June 2019)39933994 How to Handle a FINRA Rule 8210 Request: A Comprehensive Guide, The3995Knowledge Group, LLC's nationwide webcast (March 2019)39963997 FINRA Arbitration Issues & Strategies--Claims in the FINRA Forum,3998ProLawCLE's nationwide webinar (August 2018)39994000 Alternative Dispute Resolution, Florida Atlantic University-Law in4001the Real-World Series, Palm Beach Gardens, FL (2015 to 2019)40024003 FINRA Dispute Resolution and How it Works, Florida Institute of4004CPAs-Sailfish Chapter, Stuart, Port St. Lucie, and Okeechobee Florida4005(2016-2017)40064007 Investment Opportunities in Latin America, 22nd Annual Alpha Hedge4008East Conference, Palm Beach Gardens, FL (2016)40094010 Crowdfunding Roundtable: Regulators and Practitioners, Public4011Investors Arbitration Bar Association Annual Meeting, La Quinta, CA4012(2014)4013 ______40144015 Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on4016Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress by Robert Harvey.4017 Please find below my responses to questions received on October 8,40182025:40194020 A.8--Mr. Harvey's OGE 278e list his positions with Florida4021Resiliency and Energy District and Florida Venture Forum, as does his4022Ethics Agreement, but those positions are not listed on his4023questionnaire. Please clarify and provide a supplement as appropriate.4024 Response: A.8 requested all post-graduate employment.4025 I am an uncompensated board member of the Florida Venture Forum and4026serve as the uncompensated Executive Director of the Florida Resiliency4027and Energy District (FRED). Therefore, neither were included as4028employment under A.8, but were listed on OGE 278e and my Ethics4029Agreement as positions that I will be required to resign upon4030confirmation.4031 My position as a board member for the Florida Venture Forum is4032relevant to question A.11, I served in this position from January 2023-4033Present.4034 My position as an Executive Director of the Florida Resiliency and4035Energy District (FRED) is an uncompensated advisory position for an4036entity established by state law, relevant to question A.10. I served in4037this position from July 2023-Present.4038 Additionally, during my time as a Navy JAG, while on active duty4039from 1987-1990 I also served as a Special Assistant U.S. Attorney.40404041 A.15--We have identified political contributions that Mr. Harvey4042may have not disclosed. Please complete a thorough search, and provide4043a supplement as appropriate. These omitted contributions include:40444045 1. An additional $1,000 contribution to Rick Scott (Jun. 2024)40464047 2. An additional $1,000 contribution to Ron DeSantis (Oct. 2023)40484049 Response: The above contributions are each listed twice on the4050Federal Election Commission website because they are joint fundraising4051committee dispersals. The contributions appear to have been received,4052then transferred by the candidates to other campaign entities,4053resulting in the double entries. My initial disclosure is accurate to4054my actual contributions.40554056 A.18--We have identified panels Mr. Harvey participated on that4057were not disclosed. Please conduct a comprehensive search for other4058responsive speeches, panel discussions and presentations, and provide a4059supplement as appropriate. The panels identified are listed here:40604061 1. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/robert-harvey-406244190610_southfloridainnovati4063onday-levancenter-techinnovation-activity-7242368212787437568-Re6-4064?utm_source=4065share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAADleFtAB5wziBPzKt0CKTpcRo4066GKVRKxh-d04067 Response: This speaking engagement was disclosed on my resume as4068The State of Innovation, South Florida Innovation Day, Alan B. Levan-4069NSU Broward Center oflnnovation, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (September40702024)40714072 2. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/robert-harvey-44190610_israel-4073innovation-tech4074nology-activity-7166641603015618560-4075fG42?utm_source=share&utm_medium=mem4076ber_desktop&rcm=ACoAADleFtAB5wziBPzKt0CKTpcRoGKVRKxh-d04077 Response: This was not disclosed since it was not a speech or panel4078discussion. I appeared on stage with Mr. Driquez, former Deputy Consul4079General of Israel, at a pitch event for Israeli companies in4080Tallahassee, Florida.40814082 C.2--Please clarify whether Mr. Harvey was investigated, arrested,4083charged, or held on the following dates. If so, please describe the4084circumstances around these arrests and provide a supplement as4085appropriate.40864087 1. May 1, 1992--felony, misdemeanor40884089 2. February 23, 1988--misdemeanor40904091 3. October 21, 1985--misdemeanor40924093 4. May 28, 1987--misdemeanor40944095 5. January 26, 1994--misdemeanor40964097 6. June 26, 1991--felony40984099 7. July 28, 1986--misdemeanor41004101 Response: I was not investigated, arrested, charged, or held on the4102above dates. There are no circumstances to describe since I have never4103been arrested.41044105 Chairman Cruz. Thank you. I now recognize Mr. Petty.41064107 STATEMENT OF TIMOTHY PETTY, NOMINEE TO BE41084109 ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR41104111 OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC4112 ADMINISTRATION41134114 Mr. Petty. Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and4115distinguished guests and Committee members, thank you for the4116opportunity to be here today. I am deeply honored to be4117nominated by President Trump to serve as Assistant Secretary of4118Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. I want to thank Secretary4119Lutnick, as well, for his confidence in me, and again for4120Senator Risch for his kind introduction and for his steadfast4121leadership on behalf of the people of Idaho but also this4122Nation. It is a privilege to be here today, and I respectfully4123ask for your consideration and consent for my nomination.4124 Before I begin today, I would like to take a moment and4125recognize friends and family, but foremost my wife, Elaine, who4126is sitting behind me here. She has always been a big support4127and a foundation throughout my journey here in Washington, D.C.4128My parents and my four siblings are watching remotely from the4129family farms back in Indiana. My mother, Esther, is 93 years4130old, and my stepfather, Vern, is 97. Their resilience, faith,4131and work ethic have been a guiding light for me in my life.4132 I was born and raised on a family farm in Grant County,4133Indiana. Our farm was more than a livelihood. It was a4134classroom and a place where I learned the values that have4135shaped my life of hard work, faith, and service. From milking4136cows before the sun would rise, baling hay in the summer heat,4137and watching the skies for signs of rain that could make or4138break a season on the farm, I came to understand the deep4139connection between people and the land. Our farm bordered4140rivers and a gravel pit, which sparked my interest and4141fascination with both water, geology, and the natural systems4142that support them.4143 That curiosity led me to pursue a science degree at Purdue4144University. I began my career in the private sector, working as4145a geologist and a hydrogeologist in Indiana, California, and4146even abroad, and I learned the intricacies of groundwater4147systems, seismic activity, the environment, and fishing. But I4148also realized that science alone was not enough. I needed sound4149policy to guide how to manage our natural resources. That4150realization brought me to Washington, D.C., where I joined the4151Senate staff of Senator Connie Mack, of Senator Rick Santorum,4152and, of course, of Senator Risch.4153 During the time in the Senate, I have had the privilege of4154working with many of you members here and your staff, whether4155it was advancing hydropower legislation, supporting tribal4156water rights settlements, strengthening our water4157infrastructure, and of course the environment. I have seen4158firsthand the power of collaboration and the importance of4159science-based policymaking.4160 I later earned my Ph.D. in Water Resources at the4161University of Alaska Fairbanks, where I was focused on4162hydrology and digital transformation.4163 At the Department of the Interior, I was honored to serve4164twice, first under the George W. Bush administration, and later4165again as Assistant Secretary for Water and Science under the4166Trump administration. In those roles, I provided oversight for4167the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation,4168managing programs critical to our Nation's water security,4169science, and advancement.4170 These experiences deepened my understanding of the complex4171interplay between science, policy, and public service. They4172also reinforced my belief that effective stewardship of our4173oceans and atmosphere requires not only technical expertise,4174but collaboration and a commitment to transparency.4175 Most recently, I have served in the House of4176Representatives under Chairman Graves on the Committee on4177Transportation and Infrastructure. This included work with the4178Army Corps of Engineers, the EPA, NOAA, and other key agencies.4179 If confirmed, I will bring my full energy, experience, and4180dedication to advancing NOAA's mission. I will champion4181innovation, transparency, and collaboration. I will listen to4182the voices of the scientists, stakeholders, and all the4183communities involved. And I will work to ensure that our4184policies are grounded in sound science and guided by the public4185good.4186 I look forward to supporting NOAA's dedicated workforce and4187advancing its critical work in oceanic research, weather4188forecasting, fishery monitoring, and environmental resilience.4189Together, we can ensure that our oceans and atmosphere are4190managed wisely, for today but also for future generations.4191 Thank you again for your consideration. I look forward to4192your questions.4193 [The prepared statement and biographical information of Mr.4194Petty follow:]41954196 Prepared Statement of Timothy R. Petty, Ph.D., Nominee for Assistant4197 Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, U.S. Department of4198 Commerce4199 Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and distinguished Members4200of the Committee--thank you for the opportunity to appear before you4201today.4202 I am deeply honored to be nominated by President Trump to serve as4203Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere at the4204Department of Commerce. I also want to thank Secretary Lutnick for his4205confidence in me, and Senator Risch for his kind introduction and for4206his steadfast leadership on behalf of the people of Idaho and the4207Nation.4208 It is a privilege to be here, and I respectfully ask for your4209consideration and consent to this nomination.4210 Before I begin, I'd like to take a moment to recognize my family.4211My wife, Elaine, is here with me today--her support has been my4212foundation throughout this journey. My parents and four siblings are4213watching remotely from the family farms back in Indiana. My mother,4214Esther, is 93, and my stepfather, Vernon, is 97. Their resilience,4215faith, and work ethic have been a guiding light in my life.4216 I was born and raised on a family farm in Grant County, Indiana.4217Our farm was more than a livelihood--it was a classroom, and a place4218where I learned the values that have shaped my life: hard work, faith,4219and service. From milking cows before sunrise, to bailing hay in the4220summer heat, to watching the skies for signs of rain that could make or4221break a season, I came to understand the deep connection between people4222and the land. Our farm bordered a river and a gravel pit, which sparked4223my early fascination with water, geology, and the natural systems that4224sustain us.4225 That curiosity led me to pursue a Bachelor of Science in4226Geosciences at Purdue University. I began my career in the private4227sector, working as a geologist and hydrogeologist in Indiana,4228California, and abroad. I learned the intricacies of groundwater4229systems, seismic activity, and the environment. But I also realized4230that science alone wasn't enough--we needed sound policy to guide how4231we manage our natural resources. That realization brought me to4232Washington, where I joined the Senate under Senator(s) Connie Mack,4233Rick Santorum, and Senator Risch.4234 During my time in the Senate, I've had the privilege of working4235with many of you and your staff. Whether it was advancing hydropower4236legislation, supporting tribal water rights settlements, or4237strengthening our water infrastructure and environment, I've seen4238firsthand the power of collaboration and the importance of science-4239based policymaking.4240 I later earned a Ph.D. in Water Resource Science from the4241University of Alaska Fairbanks. My doctoral research focused on surface4242hydrology and digital transformation--an area I pursued after4243witnessing the need for more timely and accurate flood forecasting4244during my time at the Interior.4245 At the Department of the Interior, I was honored to serve twice--4246first under the George W. Bush Administration, and later as Assistant4247Secretary for Water and Science under the Trump Administration. In4248these roles, I provided oversight for the U.S. Geological Survey and4249the Bureau of Reclamation, managing programs critical to our Nation's4250water security and scientific advancement.4251 These experiences deepened my understanding of the complex4252interplay between science, policy, and public service. They also4253reinforced my belief that effective stewardship of our oceans and4254atmosphere requires not only technical expertise, but collaboration,4255and a commitment to transparency.4256 Most recently, I've served in the House of Representatives under4257Chairman Sam Graves on the Committee on Transportation and4258Infrastructure, focusing on water resources and environment. This4259included work with the Army Corps of Engineers, the EPA, NOAA, and4260other key agencies whose missions are rooted in the protection and4261sustainable use of our water and coastal resources.4262 If confirmed, I will bring my full energy, experience, and4263dedication to advancing NOAA's mission. I will champion innovation,4264transparency, and collaboration. I will listen to the voices of4265scientists, stakeholders, and communities. And I will work to ensure4266that our policies are grounded in sound science and guided by the4267public good.4268 I look forward to supporting NOAA's dedicated workforce and4269advancing its critical work in oceanic research, weather forecasting,4270fishery monitoring, and environmental resilience. Together, we can4271ensure that our oceans and atmosphere are managed wisely--for today's4272needs and for future generations.4273 Thank you again for considering my nomination. I look forward to4274your questions and to the opportunity to serve.4275 ______42764277 a. biographical information4278 1. Name (Include any former names or nicknames used): A. Timothy4279Ray Petty or Tim Petty.4280 2. Position to which nominated: Assistant Secretary of Commerce for4281Oceans and Atmosphere.4282 3. Date of Nomination: August 1, 2025.4283 4. Address (List of current place of residence and office4284addresses):42854286 Residence: Information not released to the public.4287 Office: Information not provided.42884289 5. Date and Place of Birth: Marion, Indiana.4290 6. Provide the name, position, and place of employment for your4291spouse (if married) or domestic partner, and the names and ages of your4292children (including stepchildren and children by a previous marriage).42934294 Elaine G. Petty (wife), Professional Staff, Endowment for4295 Community Leadership.4296 No children. No stepchildren.42974298 7. List all college and graduate schools attended, whether or not4299you were granted a degree by the institution. Provide the name of the4300institution, the dates attended, the degree received, and the date of4301the degree.43024303 Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks4304 School of Engineering & Mining4305 PhD: Doctor in Philosophy--May 20174306 attended: 2012-201743074308 University of Maryland Global Campus4309 Business Management School4310 Master's degree--April 19994311 attended: 1998-199943124313 Universiteit of Antwerpen, Belgium4314 Business School4315 (MS) Certificate w/Univ. of Maryland4316 attended: spring 199943174318 King's University, Texas4319 Master's degree--May 19954320 attended: 1987-199543214322 Purdue University, Indiana4323 Bachelor of Science--May 19874324 attended: 1984-198743254326 Taylor University, Indiana4327 attended: 1982-1984 (transfer to Purdue U.)43284329 8. List all post-undergraduate employment, including the job title,4330name of employer, and inclusive dates of employment, and highlight all4331management-level jobs held and any non-managerial jobs that relate to4332the position for which you are nominated.43334334 U.S. House of Representatives4335 House Committee on Transportation & Infrastructure4336 Subcommittee: Water & Environment4337 Senior Professional Staff4338 2022 to present4339 Chairman Sam Graves of Missouri4340 Oversight & Authorization: for (USACE) U.S. Army Corps4341 Engineers, (EPA) Environmental Protection Agency,4342 partial (NOAA) National Oceanic & Atmospheric4343 Administration, (USDA--NRCS) U.S. Department of4344 Agriculture--National Resources Conservation Service,4345 Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence Seaway (DOT)43464347 U.S. Senate4348 Senator James Risch (ID)4349 Senior Advisor4350 2021-20224351 Natural Resources & Water43524353 U.S. Dept of the Interior4354 Secretary David Bernhardt4355 Assistant Secretary of Water & Science4356 2018-20214357 Bureau of Reclamation & U.S. Geological Survey43584359 U.S. Senate4360 Senator James Risch (ID)4361 Deputy Legislative Director4362 2009-20174363 Natural Resources & Water43644365 U.S. Dept of the Interior4366 Secretary Dirk Kempthorne4367 Deputy Assistant Secretary of Water & Science4368 2006-20094369 Bureau of Reclamation & U.S. Geological Survey43704371 U.S. Senate4372 Senator Connie Mack (FL)4373 Senator Rick Santorum (PA)4374 Professional Staff4375 1999-200643764377 U.S. Dept of Energy4378 Office of Nuclear Energy (NN-30)4379 Professional Staff4380 1996-199843814382 Professional Engineering Services (1988-1995)4383 Alton Geoscience4384 Hydrogeologist4385 Environmental Geoscience Engineering4386 Staff Geologist4387 ICG Geotechnical Services4388 Staff Geologist43894390 9. Attach a copy of your resume.4391 Professional resume attached to document4392 10. List any advisory, consultative, honorary, or other part-time4393service or positions with Federal, State, or local governments, other4394than those listed above after 18 years of age.43954396 Advisory: Duties, oversight, and responsibilities as Deputy4397 Assistant Secretary and Assistant Secretary, Dept of Interior4398 Water & Science43994400 Consultative: Duties as a professional geotechnical engineer4401 via my duties with engineering companies listed above.44024403 Honorary: None44044405 Part-time services: None44064407 11. List all positions held as an officer, director, trustee,4408partner, proprietor, agent, representative, or consultant of any4409corporation, company, firm, partnership, or other business, enterprise,4410educational, or other institution.44114412 Officer: None44134414 Director: None44154416 Trustee: None44174418 Partner: None44194420 Proprietor: None44214422 Agent: None44234424 Representative: None44254426 Consultant Corporation: None44274428 Consultant Company: Duties for engineering companies listed4429 above44304431 Consultant Firm: None44324433 Consultant Partnership: None44344435 Consultant Business: None44364437 Consultant Enterprise: None44384439 Consultant Education: None44404441 Consultant Institution: None44424443 12. List all memberships you have had after 18 years of age or4444currently hold with any civic, social, charitable, educational,4445political, professional, fraternal, benevolent or religiously4446affiliated organization, private club, or other membership organization4447(You do not have to list your religious affiliation or membership in a4448religious house of worship or institution). Include dates of membership4449and any positions you have held with any organization. Please note4450whether any such club or organization restricts membership on the basis4451of sex, race, color, religion, national origin, age, or disability.44524453 Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society Member (since 2017)44544455 Golden Key International Honor Society Member (since 1995)44564457 American Geophysical Union Member (since 2014)44584459 13. Have you ever been a candidate for and/or held a public office4460(elected, non-elected, or appointed)? If so, indicate whether any4461campaign has any outstanding debt, the amount, and whether you are4462personally liable for that debt. No.4463 14. List all memberships and offices held with and services4464rendered to, whether compensated or not, any political party or4465election committee within the past ten years. If you have held a paid4466position or served in a formal or official advisory position (whether4467compensated or not) in a political campaign within the past ten years,4468identify the particulars of the campaign, including the candidate, year4469of the campaign, and your title and responsibilities. None.4470 15. Itemize all political contributions to any individual, campaign4471organization, political party, political action committee, or similar4472entity of $200 or more for the past ten years.44734474 National Republican Committee4475 2025: 29 August: $250;4476 2024: 18 October: $10; 6 August: $50: 10 June: $104477 2023: $0;4478 2022: $100;4479 2021: $0; 2020: $0; 2019: $0; 2018: $0; 2017: $0; 2016:4480 $0;4481 2015: $044824483 16. List all scholarships, fellowships, honorary degrees, honorary4484society memberships, military medals, and any other special recognition4485for outstanding service or achievements.44864487 Scholarships: None44884489 Fellowship:4490 National Academies Sciences (class of 2023-24)4491 Sea Grant Fellow (summer 2015)44924493 Honorary Degrees: None44944495 Honorary Society Memberships:4496 Phi Kappa Phi4497 Golden Key44984499 Military: None45004501 Outstanding Service: 2 Federal Star Awards (2007 & 2008)45024503 17. List all books, articles, columns, letters to the editor,4504Internet blog postings, or other publications you have authored,4505individually or with others. Include a link to each publication when4506possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the4507publication when available.45084509 Books: None45104511 Articles: None45124513 Columns: None45144515 Letters to Editor: None45164517 Internet Blogs: None45184519 Publications:45204521 UAF Dissertation: ``Flood Hazard Hydrology''4522 https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/4523 763345244525 Springer: ``Bridging policy and science action4526 boundaries''4527 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/4528 s11077-018-9311-y45294530 JAWRA: ``Streamflow Hydrology Estimates using Machine4531 Learning''4532 https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.1255545334534 Journal of Geographic Information System: ``Flood4535 Forecasting GIS Water-Flow Visualization Enhancement4536 (WaVE)''4537 https://www.scirp.org/journal/4538 paperinformation?paperid=7293545394540 18. List all speeches, panel discussions, and presentations (e.g.,4541PowerPoint) that you have given on topics relevant to the position for4542which you have been nominated. Include a link to each publication when4543possible. If a link is not available, provide a digital copy of the4544speech or presentation when available.45454546 Senate ENR Nomination Hearing for Tim Petty (2017)4547 https://www.doi.gov/ocl/nomination-timothy-petty45484549 Senate Budget presentation to House Appropriations Committee4550 ASWS Testimony on FY 2020 Budget Before the Senate Sub-4551 Committee on Energy and Water Development45524553 Senate Indian Affairs Committee4554 https://www.indian.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/4555 6.24.20_ASPetty_Testi4556 mony_on_S_3019.pdf45574558 Senate subcommittee on Energy & Water Appropriations4559 https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/4560 03.11.20--Petty%4561 20Testimony.pdf45624563 19. List all public statements you have made during the past ten4564years, including statements in news articles and radio and podcasts and4565television appearances, which are on topics relevant to the position4566for which you have been nominated, including dates. Include a link to4567each statement when possible. If a link is not available, provide a4568digital copy of the statement when available.45694570 Statements & Interviews in news Articles:45714572 Hydro Leader Magazine4573 Dr. Tim Petty on the New Water Management Executive4574 Order--Hydro Leader45754576 Senate ENR on CSKT Water Right testimony4577 https://flatheadbeacon.com/2020/06/27/bill-settle-cskt-4578 water-rights-gains-senate-committee-support/45794580 Municipal Water Leader article4581 Dr. Tim Petty: How the Water Subcabinet Promotes4582 Progress--Municipal Water Leader Magazine45834584 Justia Patents article notice4585 Timothy R. Petty Inventions, Patents and Patent4586 Applications--Justia Patents Search45874588 Idaho Stateman4589 Idaho Sen. Risch aide named to Interior water, science4590 job | Idaho Statesman45914592 U.S. Dept. of Interior announcement Co-Chair Drought4593 Partnership4594 https://edit.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-assistant-4595 secretary-water-and-science-tim-petty-named-co-chair-4596 national45974598 California Water News Daily4599 https://californiawaternewsdaily.com/industry/4600 president-trump-appoints-tim-petty-for-interior-4601 department-secretary-zinke-cheers-the-nomination/46024603 Radio: None46044605 Podcasts: None46064607 Television: None46084609 20. List all digital platforms (including social media and other4610digital content sites) on which you currently or have formerly operated4611an account, regardless of whether or not the account was held in your4612name or an alias. Include the full name of an ``alias'' or ``handle'',4613including the complete URL and username with hyperlinks, you have used4614on each of the named platforms. Indicate whether the account is active,4615deleted, or dormant. Include a link to each account if possible.46164617 LinkedIn: Tim Petty PhD | LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/4618 in/tim-petty4619 -phd-5b46aaba/)46204621 WhatsApp: Phone calls only: name under ``Tim Petty''46224623 Facebook: None46244625 Tik Tok: None46264627 Telegram: None46284629 Instagram: None46304631 Snapchat: None46324633 Twitter: None46344635 21. Please identify each instance in which you have testified4636orally or in writing before Congress in a governmental or non-4637governmental capacity and specify the date, committee, and subject4638matter of each testimony.46394640 Senate Energy & Natural Resources nomination written testimony4641 https://www.energy.senate.gov/services/files/1AC9D7DB-4642 808A-4ACA-88D0-26479B7C811746434644 Senate Energy & Natural Resources testimony on H.R. 19674645 https://www.energy.senate.gov/services/files/92F18793-4646 6965-435D-B35A-E1194724729C46474648 Senate Energy & Natural Resources Hearing (Dec. 5, 2017)4649 Full Committee Hearing to Consider DOE, DOI Nominees--4650 U.S. Senate Committee on Tim Petty.4651 Senate Hearing. 115-338--Timothy Petty NOMINATIONS |4652 Congress.gov | Library of Congress46534654 House Committee on Natural Resources Bio4655 https://naturalresources.house.gov/uploadedfiles/4656 3.21_resume_petty.pdf46574658 Budget presentation to House Appropriations Committee4659 ASWS Testimony on FY 2020 Budget Before the Senate Sub-4660 Committee on Energy and Water Development46614662 Senate subcommittee Energy & Natural Resources (S. 3001)4663 https://www.energy.senate.gov/services/files/916FC45F-4664 5A34-4515-B6F4-45741D3577404665 https://www.usbr.gov/newsroomold/testimony/4666 detail.cfm?RecordID=334446674668 Senate ENR Committee on WIFIA (June 13, 2018)4669 https://www.energy.senate.gov/services/files/17C5D812-4670 8409-43CE-841D-5C0DE04F685346714672 22. Given the current mission, major programs, and major4673operational objectives of the department/agency/commission/corporation4674to which you have been nominated, what in your background or employment4675experience do you believe affirmatively qualifies you for appointment4676to the position for which you have been nominated, and why do you wish4677to serve in that position?4678 Response: My qualifications for the role of Assistant Secretary for4679NOAA are deeply rooted in my extensive background in water science and4680geoscience. My career spans both the private sector and significant4681roles within government, including work in Congressional offices for4682the Senate, a Committee for the House of Representatives, and service4683in two previous administrations at the Department of the Interior. This4684diverse experience directly aligns with NOAA's mission, major programs,4685and operational objectives.4686 NOAA's mission centers on understanding and predicting changes in4687oceans, coasts and weather, and safeguarding and managing coastal and4688marine ecosystems. My career reflects a strong alignment with these4689goals including:4690 Expertise in Water and Science Leadership and Continued Federal4691Leadership: As the Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the4692U.S. Department of the Interior during the first Trump administration,4693I oversaw policy development for the Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S.4694Geological Survey. These agencies maintain close collaboration with4695NOAA, particularly in areas such as hydrology, coastal modeling,4696satellite imagery, remote sensing technology, biological surveys,4697research methodology, and ecosystem management. My executive experience4698also includes prior service as Deputy Assistant Secretary and Acting4699Assistant Secretary for Water and Science under President George W.4700Bush, demonstrating ongoing experience in these fields. These positions4701represent a background in Federal leadership.4702 Policy and Legislative Experience: My policy background complements4703NOAA's operational objectives and includes Congressional Service as4704Senior Professional Staff for House Transportation and Infrastructure4705on the subcommittee for Water Resources and the Environment.4706Additionally, I have served as Deputy Legislative Director and4707Legislative Assistant for Senator James Risch, Senator Rick Santorum,4708and Senator Connie Mack, focusing on issues related to water, natural4709resources, environment, science, and technology.4710 Field Experience in Geoscience and Hydrology: My field experience4711includes work as a geologist and hydrogeologist. These roles gave me4712hands-on expertise in water quality research, surface and subsurface4713hydrology, atmospheric weather, coastal research, and digital mapping--4714areas critical to NOAA's environmental monitoring and coastal4715resilience efforts.4716 Academic and Technical Foundation: I hold a PhD in Water Science4717from the University of Alaska Fairbanks, an MS in Business Management4718from the University of Maryland, and a BS in Geosciences from Purdue4719University. This academic background provides a strong scientific and4720technical foundation that supports NOAA's mandates.4721 Personal Motivation and Commitment: Finally, my personal motivation4722and commitment during my 26 years of Federal service to the United4723States reveals a deep-rooted passion for water resources, atmospheric4724research, and environmental stewardship. Early experiences on a family4725farm in Indiana stimulated a fascination with water, biology, geology,4726and animal life. My aspiration for this role is grounded in a4727dedication to public service, scientific integrity, and advancing4728environmental sustainability.4729 23. What do you believe are your responsibilities, if confirmed, to4730ensure that the department/agency/commission/corporation has proper4731management and accounting controls, and what experience do you have in4732managing a large organization?4733 Response: If confirmed as the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for4734Oceans and Atmosphere, I believe my principal responsibility is to4735ensure that NOAA operates with integrity, transparency, and4736accountability. This involves establishing and maintaining robust4737management and accounting controls to safeguard public resources,4738promote efficiency, and uphold the trust placed in me by Congress and4739the American people.4740 I will prioritize strategic oversight of each of NOAA's line4741offices, making certain that the agency's mission--across ocean4742science, fisheries management, biological survey and science,4743atmospheric advancement, and all areas of remote sensing technology and4744operations--is supported by sound governance structures as outlined by4745Congress. These structures will include clear performance metrics to4746measure progress and impact.4747 Collaboration with leadership and Chief Financial Officer will be4748central to my approach. Together, we will work to strengthen financial4749stewardship by implementing internal controls, enforcing compliance4750with Federal financial regulations, and ensuring that reporting is both4751timely and accurate. I will review and implement management processes4752as necessary to identify and mitigate risks associated with critical4753operational platforms, financial impacts, and areas of concern within4754NOAA's priority mission areas. This will be especially important in4755high-impact sectors such as operational research, grant distribution,4756procurement, and the maintenance of science and data integrity--all4757with complete transparency for the American people.4758 With a workforce of over 12,000 NOAA employees, I will foster a4759culture of leadership, accountability, and innovation throughout all4760line offices. This includes investing in leadership development,4761streamlining decision-making processes, and ensuring every employee4762understands how their work contributes to NOAA's overall mission,4763purpose and need.4764 My previous experience includes leading large multidisciplinary4765teams in both the public and private sectors. In my prior role at the4766Department of Interior, I oversaw more than 14,000 employees across a4767comparable scale and complexity. My responsibilities there involved4768managing a multimillion-dollar budget, navigating Federal compliance4769frameworks, and driving performance improvements across geographically4770dispersed units.4771 Additionally, I have worked in science-driven environments where4772collaboration among researchers, technologists, and policy experts was4773essential--experience that closely aligns with NOAA's structure and4774culture.4775 Ultimately, I view this role not only as a managerial challenge,4776but as a stewardship opportunity. NOAA's work affects every American,4777from ocean health to weather forecasts, and I am committed to ensuring4778that our operations reflect the highest standards of public service.4779 24. What do you believe to be the top three challenges facing the4780department/agency/commission/corporation, and why?4781 Response: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration4782(NOAA) encounters complex questions from various private, public, and4783congressional stakeholders regarding ocean and atmospheric issues.4784 Adequate staffing and constrained financial resources continue to4785affect its operations. I believe the following are three significant4786challenges currently facing the agency:47874788 1) Workforce: NOAA manages a staff with extensive expertise.4789 Adjusting operational capacity and skills alongside emerging4790 technologies remains ongoing. The key challenge is aligning4791 workforce capabilities with mission priorities as determined by4792 Congress. Maintaining institutional knowledge and continuity in4793 scientific research is necessary, as is balancing credible4794 science with established priorities.47954796 2) Budget Resources: Congressional requirements and statutory4797 mandates consistently put pressure on NOAA's budget. Upcoming4798 Fiscal Years will require prioritization of funding for ocean4799 research, fishery sustainability, coastal resource management,4800 and atmospheric forecasting, all of which pose substantial4801 demands on available funds.48024803 3) Organizational Disruption: Changes in leadership can directly4804 impact organizational structure. Addressing workforce and4805 budget considerations may lead to modifications within NOAA and4806 its relationships with private and commercial institutions. The4807 agency will need to build upon established stewardship roles to4808 forecast oceanic and atmospheric risks and incorporate new4809 technology and datasets. Enhanced coordination will be4810 necessary for NOAA to address both national and global4811 environmental concerns.48124813 These challenges are central to NOAA's responsibilities, affecting4814areas such as agriculture, fisheries, aviation, transportation, weather4815forecasting, coastal communities, and inland impacts.4816 b. potential conflicts of interest4817 1. Describe all financial arrangements, deferred compensation4818agreements, and other continuing dealings with business associates,4819clients, or customers. Please include information related to retirement4820accounts, such as a 401(k) or pension plan. (Please Note* Form 278e4821provided)48224823 Financial arrangements: None48244825 Deferred Compensation Agreements: None48264827 Business associates: None48284829 Clients: None48304831 Customers: None48324833 Retirement Accounts: TSP48344835 Pension Plan: FERS Retirement48364837 2. Do you have any commitments or agreements, formal or informal,4838to maintain employment, affiliation, or practice with any business,4839association, or other organization during your appointment? If so,4840please explain.48414842 Agreements: None48434844 Affiliations: None48454846 Businesses: None48474848 Associations: None48494850 Organizations: None48514852 3. Indicate any investments, obligations, liabilities, or other4853relationships which could involve potential conflicts of interest in4854the position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will4855resolve each potential conflict of interest.48564857 Investments: None with potential conflicts of interest48584859 Obligations: None with potential conflicts of interest48604861 Liabilities: None with potential conflicts of interest48624863 Relationships: None with potential conflicts of interest48644865 4. Describe any business relationship, dealing, or financial4866transaction which you have had during the last ten years, whether for4867yourself, on behalf of a client, or acting as an agent, that could in4868any way constitute or result in a possible conflict of interest in the4869position to which you have been nominated. Explain how you will resolve4870each potential conflict of interest.48714872 Business Relationships: None48734874 Business Dealings: None48754876 Financial Transactions: None48774878 Behalf of a client: None48794880 Acting as an Agent: None48814882 5. Identify any other potential conflicts of interest and explain4883how you will resolve each potential conflict of interest.48844885 Other potential conflicts: None48864887 6. Describe any activity during the past ten years, including the4888names of clients represented, in which you have been engaged for the4889purpose of directly or indirectly influencing the passage, defeat, or4890modification of any legislation or affecting the administration and4891execution of law or public policy.48924893 Activities, names of clients, legislation: None48944895 Activities, direct influence, legislation: None48964897 Activities, indirect influence, legislation: None48984899 Activities, affecting the administration & execution of law:4900 None49014902 Activities, affecting the administration & execution of public4903 policy: None4904 c. legal matters4905 1. Have you ever been disciplined or cited for a breach of ethics,4906professional misconduct, or retaliation by, or been the subject of a4907complaint to, any court, administrative agency, the Office of Special4908Counsel, an Inspector General, professional association, disciplinary4909committee, or other professional group?49104911 Legal discipline: No49124913 Breach of ethics: No49144915 Professional misconduct: No49164917 Retaliation: No49184919 Subject of a complaint: No49204921 If yes: (N/A--Nonapplicable for a-d)49224923 a. Provide the name of the court, agency, association, committee, or4924 group.49254926 b. Provide the date the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or4927 personnel action was issued or initiated.49284929 c. Describe the citation, disciplinary action, complaint, or4930 personnel action;49314932 d. Provide the results of the citation, disciplinary action,4933 complaint, or personnel action.49344935 2. Have you ever been investigated, arrested, charged, or held by4936any Federal, State, or other law enforcement authority of any Federal,4937State, county, municipal, or foreign government entity, other than for4938a minor traffic offense?49394940 Yes, State of Virginia. Speeding ticket.4941 If so, please explain: July 2008, Fairfax County, VA, speeding4942ticket on motorcycle. 55 mph in 25 mph zone. Misdemeanor reckless for4943speeding. Speeding ticket disposed of October 2008.4944 3. Have you or any business or nonprofit of which you are or were4945an officer ever been involved as a party in an administrative agency4946proceeding, criminal proceeding, or civil litigation?4947 No.4948 If so, please explain. Not Applicable.4949 4. Have you ever been convicted (including pleas of guilty or nolo4950contendere) of any criminal violation other than a minor traffic4951offense?4952 Yes.4953 If so, please explain. July 2008, speeding ticket, plea of quilty4954for speeding in Fairfax Country, VA ticket for misdemeanor speeding.4955 5. Have you ever been accused, formally or informally, of sexual4956assault, sexual harassment, or discrimination on the basis of sex,4957race, religion, or any other basis?4958 No.4959 If so, please explain. Not Applicable.4960 6. Please advise the Committee of any additional information,4961favorable or unfavorable, which you feel should be disclosed in4962connection with your nomination. None.4963 d. relationship with committee4964 1. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/4965corporation complies with deadlines for information set by4966congressional committees, and that your department/agency/commission/4967corporation endeavors to timely comply with requests for information4968from individual Members of Congress, including requests from members in4969the minority? Yes.4970 2. Will you ensure that your department/agency/commission/4971corporation does whatever it can to protect congressional witnesses and4972whistleblowers from reprisal for their testimony and disclosures? Yes.4973 3. Will you cooperate in providing the Committee with requested4974witnesses, including technical experts and career employees, with4975firsthand knowledge of matters of interest to the Committee? Yes.4976 4. Are you willing to appear and testify before any duly4977constituted committee of the Congress on such occasions as you may be4978reasonably requested to do so? Yes.4979 ______49804981[GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]49824983 ______49844985 Addendum to the questionnaire submitted to the Senate Committee on4986 Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 119th Congress by Timothy R.4987 Petty4988 Part A, Q18--Please add the following presentations and panelist4989discussions:49904991 i. ``Using GIS in the Senate''--November 14, 2017--Library of4992Congress49934994 ii. ``Senior Federal Agency Water Officials Panel--Improving Inter-4995agency Coordination for Water Supply Reliability''--December 13, 2019--4996Colorado River Water Users Association49974998 iii. ``Plenary Session 4: Integrated Geospatial Platform and4999Services: Towards a Digital Economy''--January 13, 2020--GeoBuiz Summit50005001 iv. The Trump Water Subcabinet: ``Decisions Made at the Speed of5002Trust''--February 21, 2020--Family Farm Alliance Conference50035004 v. Rep. Dan Newhouse (R-WA) virtual roundtable on the Grand Coulee5005Dam--August 12, 202050065007 Part A, Q21--Please add the following statements before Congress:50085009 i. March 14, 2018--House Appropriations Committee, Energy and Water5010Development, and Related Agencies Subcommittee Hearing on The F.Y. 20195011U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Bureau of Reclamation Budget50125013 ii. March 22, 2018--Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee5014Hearing to Examine the 2018 Western Water Supply Outlook and Bills5015Related to Water Infrastructure and Drought Resiliency50165017 iii. April 12, 2018--House Committee on Natural Resources,5018Subcommittee on Water, Power, and Oceans Hearing on Examining the5019Proposed Fiscal Year 2019 Spending, Priorities and Missions of the5020Bureau of Reclamation and the Four Power Marketing Administrations50215022 iv. April 18, 2018--Senate Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee5023on Energy and Water Development Hearing on the FY2019 Budget Request5024for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers & Bureau of Reclamation50255026 v. March 27, 2019--(Incorrectly linked to Senate testimony in5027questionnaire) House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Energy5028and Water Development Hearing on Army Corps of Engineers and Bureau of5029Reclamation Fiscal 2020 Budget Request50305031 vi. April 10, 2019--Senate Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee5032on Energy and Water Development Hearing on FY2020 Budget Requests for5033Army Corps of Engineers & Bureau of Reclamation50345035 vii. March 10, 2020 -House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee5036on Energy and Water Development Hearing on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers5037and Bureau of Reclamation Budget Requests for FY202150385039 viii. June 24, 2020--Senate Committee on Indian Affairs,5040Legislative Hearing to receive testimony on S. 2165, S. 2716, S. 2912,5041S. 3019, S. 3044, S. 3099 & S. 310050425043 In Part A, Q20--Please add the following dormant LinkedIn account:50445045 1. https://www.linkedin.com/in/tim-petty-37770b450465047 In Part A, Q10--Please add that I served as co-chair of the5048National Drought Resilience Partnership.50495050 Chairman Cruz. Thank you. President Trump has been vocal5051about restoring American maritime dominance. I think most5052Americans would be disturbed to learn that our ports are light5053years behind Europe and Asia in using automated technology. You5054only have to look at the supply chain snarls outside of5055California's ports from a few years ago to see how poorly our5056country did at moving cargo quickly from ship to shore.5057 Mr. Carmel, why are American ports so archaic compared to5058their foreign counterparts?5059 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. We are, no question about5060it, in terms of our ability to productivity, behind. There is a5061variety of reasons, some of which I was just not around for.5062The real issue, though, at the end of the day is using5063technology in a way that leverages labor, makes labor more5064productive, and allows us to compete at the level of foreign5065ports. We should use technology in a way that does not displace5066jobs. We should use technology in a way that enhances them and5067magnifies them so that workers can be productive. But at the5068end of the day it is productivity that we have to deal with.5069 Chairman Cruz. Is the problem a lack of Federal spending or5070too much red tape and other factors?5071 Mr. Carmel. I think it is a combination of both.5072Regulations certainly can get in the way, and I think that some5073of it is just inertia, I think, to be honest with you. So we5074have to ignite an innovation drive. I know that the SHIPS Act5075has innovation in it. I know that MARAD has the Maritime5076Innovation Center. Waterfront Workers has an innovation5077section. So there are three actual competing programs for5078innovation. We need to leverage them, make sure that they are5079used in a way that is synergistic and provide value rather than5080compete, and find ways to make our workforce productive, make5081sure that the workforce understands that the waterfront is a5082good place to have a long, productive career, a good place to5083raise families, and deal with it that way.5084 Chairman Cruz. OK. Mr. Petty, NOAA reviews offshore oil and5085gas activities for compliance with NEPA, the Endangered Species5086Act, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Key regulations for5087the incidental take of marine mammals are set to expire in5088April 2026. The expiration of these regulations would curtail5089geophysical activities related to oil and gas exploration and5090production in the Gulf of America.5091 If confirmed, will you ensure that these incidental take5092regulations are renewed by April 2026, to prevent any5093permitting delays?5094 Mr. Petty. Chairman, thank you for that question. It is an5095important one, and we need to make sure that we have the focus5096on these areas of regulation. I look forward to getting into5097the department and looking specifically at all the priorities5098that are set, at what are coming due, that we can address them5099immediately. The President and the Administration, as well as5100the Secretary, has said that we need to focus on regulatory,5101making it focused and short, so that we can move things but do5102it right, and that is the commitment that I make, is making5103sure that the laws are met, that the regulations are quick and5104decisive and clear, moving forward.5105 Chairman Cruz. Well, and I can certainly echo that it is5106the President's commitment and Secretary Lutnick's commitment5107to move swiftly and not to have permitting delays. So I trust5108that you, when confirmed, will implement a streamlining to5109ensure that permitting can move forward efficiently.5110 How do you hope to streamline the environmental permitting5111process, beyond ensuring timely renewal of the incidental take5112regulations?5113 Mr. Petty. Again, I look forward to getting in, if5114confirmed. But streamlining, I think, needs to be a partnership5115with not only the different agencies that have oversight, not5116only Commerce but Interior and other agencies, but they need to5117be looking at that not in a kind of a rail where it is what5118goes from one car to the next car to the next, but all tracks5119are parallel, working together. And I think we can do that with5120the technology of interacting with the resources of the5121regulatory so we can all be looking at them at the same time5122and moving things much more quickly versus the old method,5123which is when one packet is done it gets moved to another5124committee.5125 Chairman Cruz. OK. And this last question is for our two5126Federal Maritime Commission nominees. The Federal Maritime5127Commission has a narrow mission--ensuring a competitive ocean5128transportation system. Mr. Harvey, Ms. DiBella, what are the5129statutory functions of the FMC, and will you commit, if5130confirmed, to staying within the bounds of your authority? Mr.5131Harvey, we will start with you.5132 Mr. Harvey. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. The statutory5133commitments are to create, have a reliable ocean transportation5134system, I think that we would stay in our lane in terms of our5135jurisdiction, that we are there to review the agreements that5136are filed with our agency to assure that those are fair and5137reasonable and not anti-competitive. We also have an5138enforcement division, and I believe in regulation, to ensure5139that competitiveness and enforcement, when necessary, of those.5140And we have an adjudication process to make sure that all the5141players in the system can get their disputes resolved quickly.5142But I would look to stay in our lane, and I would hope to have5143marketplace solutions to these problems.5144 Chairman Cruz. Ms. DiBella.5145 Ms. DiBella. I echo Mr. Harvey's statement, all of it. And5146taking it a step further, we will work very collaboratively5147with other agency, like MARAD and Service Transportation Board,5148whomever would be involved with the matter at hand, in assuring5149that the whole system is being addressed. And I think that is5150the overarching, you know, outside the statutory5151responsibilities that we have. We are responsible for the5152entire system to be efficiently and competitive and also5153reliable.5154 So that is really the crux of the conversation, you know,5155how do we do that, is addressing the business needs, either5156businesses that are operating here in the United States or5157those that are looking to operate here. And we are functioning5158as that authority that is responding to their inquiries, to5159their needs, and then taking action as appropriate.5160 Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Ranking Member Cantwell.5161 Senator Cantwell. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Lots of5162questions. I will try to get through as many of them as I can.5163Mr. Carmel, do you support the Jones Act?5164 Mr. Carmel. Yes, Senator, I do.5165 Senator Cantwell. Thank you, and thank you for your vision5166for a maritime nation. You and I had a chance to talk about5167many issues related to that shipbuilding financing. We did not5168spend as much time talking in my office, though, about5169workforce issues, so I want to bring up, what do you think we5170need to do to deal with the serious shortage? And clearly the5171Senate has been very concerned about sexual assault and sexual5172crime at sea, passing legislation reform, and looking for new5173leadership to make sure that the Academy is acquiring a5174workforce that is well aware of what the conduct should be.5175 So if you have thoughts about what we should do there?5176 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. Yes, one of the biggest5177things we have to do for the workforce of the future is ensure5178that the workforce understands the future will be there. It is5179very difficult to attract people into the industry if they are5180afraid that a year or two, the ship that they signed on is5181going to be gone, they are not going to have a job.5182 So building a stable, credible maritime industry that can5183produce a ladder for a career path that is going to be around5184for a while, I think is one of the biggest things we have to5185do. We have to do a better job at educating the American5186student body about what is out there, that the maritime5187industry is just a good place for good jobs.5188 And training programs. We tend to often focus straight on5189officers, like Kings Point, but ships do not run without5190unlicensed, as well. So we need to make sure that that pipeline5191is also operating the way it should. Full marks to the unions,5192the SIU, in particular, are very good at that sort of stuff,5193but we need to support them. I know that the SHIPS Act and, I5194think, the Waterfront Workers Act both have training money in5195there for that.5196 In terms of King's Point, we have a long way to go to get5197King's Point fixed. No question about it.5198 Senator Cantwell. You are referring to now on the sexual5199assault issues?5200 Mr. Carmel. Yes, ma'am. And overall. Overall. You know, at5201the end of the day King's Point is an academic institution. We5202need to make sure that when both students and instructors walk5203through the gate to that place they are proud to be there. I5204think that has a lot to do with the attitude of people. I think5205that the discipline instilled in the regimental system could5206probably stand a little bit of tightening up, and I think that5207will help.5208 But at the end of the day it is common sense. It is making5209sure that people treat each other with respect. That is not5210that hard of a concept. And I know it sounds stupid because we5211have had failures in the past, but we have to really hammer5212that home--at sea, at shore, period.5213 Senator Cantwell. We will look for your leadership on that.5214Dr. Petty, if you could comment on support for PCSRF, stock5215assessments, and a NOAA Organic Act?5216 Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Thank you for the question. First5217of all, stock assessment. That is a high priority for the5218Administration, along with the executive order that prioritizes5219the stock assessment. I look forward to working with now-5220confirmed Under Secretary Neil Jacobs on specifically5221implementing and making sure we have the resources and5222personnel to get those stock assessments done.5223 Senator Cantwell. OK. PCSRF you support?5224 Mr. Petty. Yes.5225 Senator Cantwell. NOAA Organic Act?5226 Mr. Petty. Yes, absolutely, Senator. Looking forward to5227working with you on----5228 Senator Cantwell. OK.5229 Mr. Petty. Yep.5230 Senator Cantwell. A little reverse approach than what5231Senator Cruz asked, you know, is we need the Federal Maritime5232Commission obviously working with the MARAD nominee here, to5233assure that both American consumers and American exporters are5234not taken advantage of. So Mr. Harvey, it was good to hear your5235detail of experience on the technology side. Mr. Carmel and I5236had a great conversation about blockchains and immutable5237manifests and great things that might help us accelerate our5238leadership position on supply chain issues.5239 But you also mentioned unfair and deceptive practices, and5240that clearly was what was happening to us, and I do not think5241most Americans understand. We do not control shipping today. I5242mean, we control calling on our ports, but these are basically5243big international carriers that tried to dictate to us what5244business was going to be like. So thank God we passed a new law5245and gave more authority to the Commission.5246 So what do you have in mind when you are looking at unfair5247and deceptive practices, again when we are going to try to5248build the maritime nation again under the leadership here that5249we are talking about? But we also have to show to the5250international community that is calling on our ports that we5251are going to be serious about unsubstantiated increases in5252rates, or practices where they are leaving us high and dry on5253the docks with our U.S. products.5254 Mr. Harvey. Thank you. That is where the reviewing of the5255agreements, watching the alliances that operate to make sure5256that there are not anti-competitive practices, because it is a5257unique--I will use this word again--ecosystem in the maritime5258industry where there is very limited amount of providers and5259agreements that, on one hand, could be helpful to making the5260system more efficient and making capacity more available. But5261they are also very capable of becoming anti-competitive.5262 Senator Cantwell. I just want to clarify. So you are not5263afraid to use that authority in ways when you see problems that5264exist?5265 Mr. Harvey. No, ma'am.5266 Senator Cantwell. OK.5267 Mr. Harvey. And when I saw it in the securities industry,5268now regulation is an important part of what we do in5269rulemaking, but I would say that nothing gets an industry5270member's attention like an enforcement action, when that is5271necessary. I was on the other end of those, so I know when5272those get filed, it is attention getting, for sure.5273 Senator Cantwell. Great. Thank you. Thank you, Mr.5274Chairman. I will have whatever comments you have on that, Ms.5275DiBella for the record. You have had more involvement in this,5276so I think we have some understanding of your record. Thank5277you.5278 Ms. DiBella. Oh, sure. I appreciate that. Thank you very5279much. I would say, you know, that the carriers make the market,5280so it is a bit of a balance that we have to have with them. I5281appreciate their role in all of this. However, we do need to,5282and do, provide some good oversight. And I hope for additional5283transparency that relationship will, shall we say, improve and5284we will be able to have a more efficient system.5285 Senator Cantwell. Thank you.5286 Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Fischer.52875288 STATEMENT OF HON. DEB FISCHER,5289 U.S. SENATOR FROM NEBRASKA52905291 Senator Fischer. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Carmel, as5292you know there are three programs that ensure U.S. flagged5293vessels are available for the sealift: the Jones Act, Cargo5294Preference, and the Maritime Security Program. What importance5295do you put on those programs?5296 Mr. Carmel. All three programs are critical to sustaining5297the fleet we have now. They are not, on their own, going to5298help us grow it, but they are critical to making sure we do not5299go backward.5300 Senator Fischer. Do you have any ideas on ways that MARAD5301could possibly improve on those programs?5302 Mr. Carmel. Those programs themselves do what they are5303intended to do. The Maritime Security Program, one of the5304problems with the Maritime Security Program that we5305experience--and it is actually, at the end of the day, it is5306also the Tanker Security Program, which is another one--rely on5307government preference cargo. At the end of the day it is not5308about ships. It is about cargo. Our whole industry is built on5309cargo. If we do not have enough cargo, how many ships we have5310is irrelevant. And so we need to do a better job of generating5311cargo.5312 Now, for the Maritime Security Program and the Tanker5313Security Program we are talking about preference cargos. There5314is not enough of that around really to scale either program. So5315we also need to find ways to generate cargo that does not come5316from the American taxpayer. If we want the size of fleet that5317we are talking about, we are going to have to get our fleet5318back to carrying a nation's commerce, not just focused on the5319military.5320 Senator Fischer. In any potential conflict, though, our5321sealift assets will be indispensable, so that we can take care5322of our forces, so that material can transit to the theater of5323operations. The Ready Reserve Force fleet is a key component of5324our sealift capability, but because of systemic underinvestment5325its readiness has suffered. Would you agree with that?5326 Mr. Carmel. No question. Yes, ma'am.5327 Senator Fischer. Great. Given your operational and your5328corporate experience, how can MARAD work better with industry5329to revive that Ready Reserve Force?5330 Mr. Carmel. Well, there are two programs in place right5331now. One is, which is still being, I guess, working through the5332legislative process, which is building ships for the Ready5333Reserve Force. The other one is the buy used new ships. That5334puts a band-aid on a problem. That gets ships into the fleet5335relatively quickly. Like there are still ships that sit at the5336dock and do not really do anything.5337 Senator Fischer. Do you think you would need any additional5338authorities to better execute that recapitalization of that5339force?5340 Mr. Carmel. I would have to get in the building and5341understand what MARAD is doing on that now. But what we are5342doing right now is heading down the same path we have always5343headed down and got us to where we are today.5344 Senator Fischer. Thank you, sir. The FMC has undertaken5345significant efforts to enhance port efficiency, and has taken a5346closer look at detention practices. The FMC can play a crucial5347role in improving port operations. Ms. DiBella and Mr. Harvey,5348if confirmed, what specific criteria will you prioritize to5349ensure agreements align with FMC standards and facilitate5350efficient freight movement overall?5351 Ms. DiBella. Thank you for the question. In regards to5352detention and truly any matter, I think taking, once confirmed,5353and once I am able to be briefed fully on many of these issues,5354I believe, again going back to more transparency, understanding5355the realities of why certain cargo, certain containers are left5356and are resulting in such detention and demurrage charges, I5357think uncovering really where the inefficiencies are. You know,5358truly, and going back to what I had said before, looking at5359things systematically. Going back to the supply chain crisis,5360the issues at the waterfront were largely contributed to the5361interior.5362 So it is truly taking a very comprehensive look at every5363aspect of the supply chain and understanding exactly where the5364issue is created, and taking action in that regard. It could be5365elsewhere. It could be maybe not in the interior. It could be5366far off in another, you know, 3,000 miles away in the ocean.5367But it is just really taking a very comprehensive look.5368 Senator Fischer. Thank you. Mr. Harvey, anything to add?5369 Mr. Harvey. Thank you, Senator. Just to add to that, I am5370an investor in technology for the state of Florida, and I want5371to ensure that regulations that are coming from the FMC5372encourage innovation. Some of these problems, especially in5373detention, can be solved, by, for instance, we invested in a5374last mile delivery entity, and that is multimodal. So it is the5375ship, the rail, the truck.5376 So I think that if we can create fair and competitive5377markets, private capital is going to flow and help to solve5378some of these problems, whether it is fixing these types of5379problems or even the larger problems with port renovation and5380upgrading, which is a huge capital lift there that probably is5381not just for government alone.5382 Senator Fischer. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.5383 Chairman Cruz. Thank you. Senator Moreno.53845385 STATEMENT OF HON. BERNIE MORENO,5386 U.S. SENATOR FROM OHIO53875388 Senator Moreno. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and5389congratulations to all four of you for being nominated. I look5390forward to getting you confirmed quickly and expeditiously.5391 Mr. Carmel, I will start with you. What is the state of our5392maritime industry in America? How would you assess that5393competitively? Are we in the top 10? Bottom 10? Middle of the5394pack?5395 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. I appreciate that question5396a lot. It is something I lose sleep over all the time. I am not5397even sure we are on the scale.5398 Senator Moreno. So the next question is, what happened,5399because that was not always the case? You go back to the 1940s,5400and we won World War II because we could produce a lot of5401ships. So what happened from then until now?5402 Mr. Carmel. Yes, Senator, that is correct. Actually,5403though, as I mentioned in the opening, we have been fighting5404this for 150 years. The first stab at trying to repair a badly5405damaged Merchant Marine happened with the House Select5406Committee on the Merchant Marine in 1870, and we have been5407repeating cycles of this ever since. So we have had a long5408history of not getting it right.5409 Now, to answer your question directly, that is true. We did5410a great job of cycling up for World War II because we had the5411industrial capacity to do it. Our Merchant Marine was in tough5412shape prior to that. Prior to World War I we had to cycle up,5413but we did it late. Most of the ships we built for the World5414War I surge were too late to be delivered to matter for the war5415effort.5416 World War II we had to cycle up again. Interestingly5417enough, Mr. Kaiser was a dam builder, and is the one that built5418the ships. So we did a great job. But we knew how to build5419things then. That is the difference. We knew how to build5420things. Our industrial capacity had not rotted yet.5421 After World War II--and by the way, there is a problem.5422Every time we do this, every time we cycle up, build a lot of5423stuff for a war, and then the war is over, then we are faced5424with what do we do with all these ships, and that creates a5425boom-and-bust cycle that is not healthy.5426 But we let our industrial capacity rot again, except this5427time we let it rot too far, and I personally do not believe we5428could do that again. I do not believe we have the industrial5429capacity we need right now to be able to do that. And I think5430that it manifests itself all throughout the maritime industry,5431and in many ways it ripples out into our U.S. economy. It is5432imperative that in order to get the maritime industry right we5433need to fix the underlying maritime infrastructure and5434industrial capacity.5435 At the end of the day, wealth of a country is not about how5436many dollars are in the bank. The wealth of a country is our5437capability to build our own future for tomorrow. And we have5438sacrificed that, and we need to get it back. Thank you.5439 Senator Moreno. Perfect. I appreciate that, and obviously5440all of us can sense that is really a matter of national5441security.5442 Mr. Harvey, there are obviously ports in Florida and Texas5443and the East Coast, the West Coast, although I do not hold my5444breath for new ports going into the West Coast with the current5445political environment. They may find a frog that may have5446passed by that land and prohibit any construction there. But5447there is a place called the Great Lakes. President Trump did5448not name them, so I do not want to get my Democratic colleagues5449upset, but they are a huge natural resource for this country.5450In Lake Erie we have the Port of Cleveland.5451 Can you talk about what you are going to do to make certain5452that we revitalize the Great Lakes shipping industry?5453 Mr. Harvey. Thank you, Senator. As I said in my opening,5454the Great Lakes region is a special place to me because that is5455where I grew up and actually watched sort of the5456deindustrialization of that part of the country. And I think5457there is no way to restore America's maritime dominance without5458restoring our industrial dominance.5459 So I think we just have to be aware that everything that we5460do at the FMC in terms of rules, regulations, not only helps5461the international carriers, but really focuses also on what is5462happening on the Great Lakes.5463 Senator Moreno. Because we compare the Port of Miami, for5464example----5465 Mr. Harvey. Yes, sir.5466 Senator Moreno.--where you have these monstrosity, giant5467cruise ships, you are not going to get a lot of industrial5468capacity there, nor would it be logistically feasible. But when5469you bring things into places like Cleveland, it is dramatically5470easier to feed our industrial base. And I just want to make5471sure we do not have a Florida-centric or Southern-centric view5472of this, that we understand how critical the Great Lakes are.5473 So I want it to have a special place in your heart, but5474also in your mind and in your pocketbook, so that we are5475looking at the Great Lakes and refurbishing that. Do I have5476your commitment, both of you, Ms. DiBella, as well?5477 Mr. Harvey. Yes.5478 Ms. DiBella. My response to that? I would take the same5479approach that we did at the state level, when thinking about5480where the export needs are and perhaps ways that we could5481potentially help. You know, where are the bottlenecks in the5482system? Where is overregulation? Are there issues with Canada?5483Or trying to enhance the capabilities in and around that region5484that would utilize the resources that are there and the5485infrastructure that is there in order to export and also5486import. So I would say I believe there is a lot of agriculture5487that comes in and out of there that would support Middle5488America.5489 So it is really examining the supply chain. You know, once5490again, what is dominating, from an import and export activity,5491and how can we help.5492 Senator Moreno. Great. Maybe we will get you all to5493Cleveland after we confirm you.5494 Ms. DiBella. That would be great.5495 Senator Moreno. Just remember, Cleveland, on the Great5496Lakes, is much earlier than Minnesota.5497 Chairman Cruz. Senator Rosen.54985499 STATEMENT OF HON. JACKY ROSEN,5500 U.S. SENATOR FROM NEVADA55015502 Senator Rosen. Well, and I appreciate the great 10,0005503lakes in Minnesota and all the other Great Lakes. I do not have5504shipping lakes but I do have really great lakes in Lake Tahoe5505and Lake Mead, so I am just going to give them a shoutout,5506anyway, even though they may not be a subject of this. We have5507got good lakes all around our country.5508 Thank you all to the witnesses for being here. Thank you,5509Mr. Chairman, for this hearing. I am going to talk about5510something that we all care about, every single day, when we5511wake up. The first thing you think about--well, after the5512coffee, of course--is what is the weather going to be today?5513How am I going to get to work? How am I going to drive? How am5514I going to get there? What am I going to wear?5515 Over the last several years we have seen academic5516institutions, private companies incorporate machine learning,5517artificial intelligence into their weather and ocean5518forecasting products. For example, the Desert Research5519Institute in Nevada is improving wildfire smoke prediction5520emissions using machine learning algorithms.5521 So Dr. Petty, what roles do you see machine learning or5522artificial intelligence playing in natural disaster, climate5523forecasting models, both as it relates to water management--we5524are on the water theme with all the lakes--but climate5525forecasting and modeling, water management, and NOAA's5526overarching mission, please?5527 Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Right off the bat I think they are5528critical. I think that is where we need to be moving more5529toward expansion in that capability of technology, and being5530able to not only look at past history and the science to feed5531into these models and the technology for machine learning and5532artificial intelligence.5533 Senator Rosen. That is great. And so we do know that these5534advancements are going to continue to be critical. So it is why5535I introduced the Smart Weather Forecasting for Water5536Management, Farming, and Ranching Act. It is going to carry out5537pilot projects for better sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasting,5538particularly for water management. It is a huge issue in our5539country--too much, too little.5540 So, Dr. Petty, if confirmed, would you advocate for NOAA to5541invest and expand research on sub-seasonal to season5542forecasting?5543 Mr. Petty. Senator, I look forward to getting into the5544building to really look at the priorities. But I probably will5545be able to confidently say that will be a high priority, from5546just listening to the hearing that Dr. Jacobs had with you5547about a month and a half ago.5548 Senator Rosen. Please, I welcome you to our office to5549continue the conversation.5550 Mr. Petty. I would enjoy that very much.5551 Senator Rosen. Thank you. I am going to keep on weather a5552little bit, because NOAA Regional Climate Centers are key in5553collecting and distributing raw climate data to support5554decisionmakers as they grapple with extreme weather events that5555threaten health, safety, agriculture, infrastructure, travel.5556In Nevada, again, we are very thankful for our very own Desert5557Research Institute, which serves as one of only six Regional5558Climate Centers nationally.5559 Dr. Petty, if confirmed, will you commit to supporting our5560Regional Climate Centers?5561 Mr. Petty. Senator, I am actually very familiar with the5562Center in your great state. And so I look forward to, first of5563all, getting into the office, getting a complete review by the5564National Weather Service and their team, so that we can really5565look at the priorities, implementing new technologies, and the5566big part, which is the collaboration and making sure that5567transparency is getting to all the different communities that5568have to deal directly with weather.5569 Senator Rosen. Thank you, and I am going to kind of stay on5570this because even though we do have our lakes and rivers, but5571we are a landlocked state, of course. But we often experience5572severe weather events that originate in the coastal areas of5573the Pacific--California, Oregon, Washington, right? So what do5574you see as some of the challenges that coastal and marine5575ecosystems are facing during these extreme weather events, and5576how do you think the Regional Climate Centers, do you have an5577opinion about how they might manage going forward, how we might5578help predict and really mitigate some of the impact?5579 Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. I think right off the bat the5580understanding of both the estuaries, the ecosystems that are5581not only coastal but inland, all of those play off of each5582other, and the importance of making sure that there is5583transparency and collaboration not only with the Federal5584Government but with the state governments, but then even more5585so, with my experience, is that all of the agencies are working5586together--Interior, Army Corps of Engineers, Department of5587Energy, as well as Commerce are all on the same page, working5588together.5589 Senator Rosen. I am very interested, very pleased to hear5590that you are interested in collaborating with everyone. I do5591know that over 15 percent of NOAA's workforce has been slashed.5592That is really distressing to us, given the importance of these5593positions as far as researching, forecasting, communicating5594dangerous weather conditions.5595 And so I guess I have a few seconds. You can just ask how5596will you ensure that you have enough staff to accurately5597predict, communicate weather information, do the important5598research that we rely on for so many sectors--like I said,5599agriculture, transportation, farming, you name it?5600 Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Fully recognizing all of the other5601agencies that utilize NOAA's weather service is the important5602part. But for my part on prioritizing and maintaining, to5603ensuring that that research is focused, responsive, and looking5604for public needs of what they are specifically needing to5605address. So that will be my commitment to you on what we will5606work on with the staff within NOAA.5607 Senator Rosen. Thank you. I appreciate it.5608 Mr. Petty. Thank you, Senator.56095610 STATEMENT OF HON. TODD YOUNG,5611 U.S. SENATOR FROM INDIANA56125613 Senator Young [presiding]. Well, congratulations to all of5614you on your nomination. Mr. Carmel, I believe your nomination5615represents an important milestone for MARAD. Our country is5616just now waking up to an important situation that we put5617ourselves in regarding our capacity to build and operate ships5618here in America. As a Merchant Marine Academy graduate, one of5619the youngest captains of a commercial ship in recent history,5620and a senior executive in one of the world's largest shipping5621lines, you have unique experience and a perspective that you5622can bring to bear on the challenges we face, and a familiarity5623with the commercial industry that we desperately need at this5624time.5625 The President has made building ships in America a5626priority, and I am glad that he has. I have bipartisan5627legislation with Senator Mark Kelly of Arizona, the SHIPS for5628America Act, that would set the conditions for restoring5629American dominance.5630 Would you please give me your assessment, Mr. Carmel, of5631the state of commercial shipping, briefly, and shipbuilding in5632America, and how the SHIPS Act and the President's plan will5633get us back on the right track?5634 Mr. Carmel. Thank you very much, Senator. That is a great5635question. The state of our shipping and shipbuilding industry5636is, starting with shipping, is basically on a lifeline. We do5637not carry our own commerce, flat out. A Merchant Marine is5638supposed to be for carrying the Nation's commerce, and we need5639to find a way to get back there. That, to me, is extremely5640important.5641 In terms of shipbuilding, our shipbuilding industry is very5642narrowly focused on a very niche market. We are not even5643comparable to international scale shipbuilding. I know that the5644SHIPS Act says we cannot build ships at scale. I would go a5645step further and say that for ships that matter in5646international trade we cannot build them at all. We are just,5647simply, that capacity just does not exist here. It needs to be.5648We need to bring it back. I think the SHIPS Act is a great5649thing, because it addresses the pillars that we need to do,5650that the Executive Order gave us the vision of what needs to be5651done. The SHIPS Act gives us the levers and the resources to do5652it, and that is what is important. One of the reasons we failed5653over the years is instability. The SHIPS Act gives us that too.5654 Senator Young. Well, thank you for that. Yes, the numbers5655are pretty disturbing. China has, the numbers vary, but roughly56565,500 ships that can operate in ocean-level shipping. We have5657much less than that, 80, roughly. And we have the capacity--it5658is not to suggest we do--we have the capacity to build only 5 a5659year. So we need to up our game. The SHIPS Act would help us5660build 250 over the next 10.5661 If you are confirmed, and I think you will be, you will5662play a key role in implementing the President's agenda, which5663you referenced. For MARAD, what are the key parts of that5664agenda, if you could quickly itemize them, that are necessary5665to restore our shipbuilding capacity, and if you could speak to5666how the SHIPS Act might fit into that picture, that would also5667be helpful?5668 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. One is the financial5669framework and structure. The Maritime Trust Fund is a great5670start at that. So we need a financial structure. We need demand5671generation. We need to come up with a better way of finding5672something for our ships to do. We need workforce development.5673The SHIPS Act addresses all those things. We need innovation.5674Again, the SHIPS Act actually has areas that overlap, Workers5675on the Waterfront, or Waterfront Workers. There are areas that5676those areas can work together. Innovation is key to getting us5677out of where we are. So those things are just a few of the5678things that MARAD has the handle on, that can implement the5679SHIPS Act.5680 Senator Young. Thank you, sir. With our roughly one minute5681left maybe you could paint a picture of what will happen if we5682do not pass the SHIPS Act? Will you still be able, in this new5683position, for which I expect you will be confirmed, will you5684still be able to implement the President's vision effectively?5685 Mr. Carmel. The SHIPS Act is critical to being able to do5686it effectively and quickly. If the SHIPS Act is not passed, we5687will still work on that agenda. We will do what we can,5688assuming I get confirmed, to implement the vision. But it will5689go a lot slower, it will not be as robust, and most5690importantly, it will be fragile. We run the risk of doing what5691we have done in the past, start down a path and the whole thing5692falls apart. We need a way to make this permanent, so that it5693is codified and we do not go through a cycle of start and stop,5694and the SHIPS Act does that.5695 Senator Young. Thank you, Mr. Carmel. Thank you, all of5696you. Senator Klobuchar, you are recognized for questions.56975698 STATEMENT OF HON. AMY KLOBUCHAR,5699 U.S. SENATOR FROM MINNESOTA57005701 Senator Klobuchar. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair, and5702congratulations to all of you. You are tasked with5703strengthening our maritime industry, ensuring the U.S.5704maintains a resilient supply chain, protecting our water5705resources, and that, of course, includes the Great Lakes, so5706that is a lot on your shoulders.5707 In 2022, Senator Thune and I passed the Ocean Shipping5708Reform Act, which strengthened oversight of ocean shipping,5709improved supply chain efficiency, and it has brought some5710meaningful results in terms of getting some lower rates,5711because we leveraged the power of that agency. The law5712basically tells the foreign-owned shipping alliances to do5713three things: charge fair rates, stop profiting off our backs,5714and fill your empty crates with American-made products. After5715we passed it, and I do not think it was because the rules had5716not even taken effect, but it was hanging out there, the5717shipping rates fell 85 percent in that year. There were a5718number of factors, but we were clearly serious when we passed a5719bill like that, that we were going to go farther if it did not5720get done.5721 So I guess I would start with you, Ms. DiBella and Mr.5722Harvey. I told you about the bill, and if confirmed, will you5723commit to vigorously enforcing the Ocean Shipping Reform Act?5724 Ms. DiBella. Yes, I will.5725 Senator Klobuchar. Mr. Harvey.5726 Mr. Harvey. Yes, ma'am. I think important compliance5727functions, investigations, and enforcement are critical, and5728that is probably why they got the message, but the message has5729to continue to be sent. So definitely.5730 Senator Klobuchar. OK. The Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway5731System moves over 200 million tons of cargo each year. As Mr.5732Harvey, you mentioned in your testimony, the Great Lakes5733shipping industry supports tens of thousands of jobs directly,5734and is a vital economic engine for cities, towns, and people of5735the region. How will you make sure the FMC supports the needs5736of our inland seas, not just those on the coast?5737 Mr. Harvey. Thank you for that question. I think that we5738will continue to do investigations like we have done with the5739Canada in the Ballast Water Regulations, and to make sure that5740American shippers and the lakers are not harmed. I think the5741FMC has been able to carve out some exemptions for some of5742that, but I think the battle goes on.5743 Senator Klobuchar. OK.5744 Mr. Harvey. Thank you.5745 Senator Klobuchar. I guess I will turn to you, Mr. Carmel,5746and I would note the Duluth Port is an incredible place. What5747were you going to say?5748 Mr. Carmel. It is. I have actually been to Duluth.5749 Senator Klobuchar. Yes. Was it warm?5750 Mr. Carmel. No, but----5751 [Laughter.]5752 Mr. Carmel. I was representing a paper company so I had to5753be there. Any time, you know.5754 Senator Klobuchar. Well, of course, that is some of the5755shipping that goes on there, iron ore. I mean, it is kind of an5756incredible place, Duluth is----5757 Mr. Carmel. It is.5758 Senator Klobuchar.--that port, and we are working very hard5759on things, that I see Senator Sullivan, like icebreakers and5760other things that are necessary to keep that Great Lakes5761shipping lane strong and open. So along those lines, Mr.5762Carmel, when shippers are delayed by port congestion, inland5763freight bottlenecks, outdated infrastructure, products do not5764arrive on time, businesses suffer, costs go up. How will you5765work to strengthen maritime and multimodal supply chains,5766resilience, and efficiency?5767 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. One of the problems that we5768had during the supply chain crisis was surge and stop, surge5769and stop. We need to have a stable demand, predictable demand.5770We need to be able to manage flows through our ports so that we5771do not have too much stuff trying to go at one time and then5772not enough stuff going at others. So that is across a number of5773activities. Certainly, I think we can use information better5774than we use now. That, to me, would be a big one.5775 Senator Klobuchar. Very good. Thank you. And then, Mr.5776Petty, we care a lot about NOAA and weather in Minnesota. How5777do you plan to recruit qualified employees? We are obviously5778concerned. I will ask you two separate questions, because my5779time is running out here. And then also, could you look into5780the Minnesota Sea Grant? It is a research and education program5781that supports fisheries, tourism. I mentioned the Great Lakes5782but we also, as Senator Rosen mentioned, we have 15,000 lakes,5783and that is just 10,000 like on our license plates. And could5784you talk about both of those things?5785 Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Thank you. Lots of good questions,5786and in your Sea Grant question, as well. I do look forward to5787getting into the department and taking a look at that. I know5788specifically there are the priority areas. But that partnership5789and that collaboration that can take place with institutions,5790researchers, play a vital part within NOAA, and I look forward5791to working with you so that we can continue that collaboration.5792 With regards to the other areas of the National Weather5793Service, the importance of staff, it really gets back to making5794sure that the priorities with what the mission calls for,5795within health and safety and resources within NOAA, and we are5796delivering the technical and the advanced science so that5797decisions can be made by multiple agencies and states and5798resources.5799 Senator Klobuchar. And then you can just look into this5800later, but the Great Lakes Restorative Initiative. This is in5801Representative Stauber's district, Lake Superior, the5802surrounding things. Always been bipartisan. You just heard from5803some of the Great Lakes Senators on the Republican side, so5804please keep that going strong.5805 Mr. Petty. Thank you, Senator. I sure will. Thank you.5806 Senator Klobuchar. Thank you.58075808 STATEMENT OF HON. DAN SULLIVAN,5809 U.S. SENATOR FROM ALASKA58105811 Senator Sullivan. Thank you, Senator Klobuchar, and I am5812always reminded, you know, we have a little competition,5813friendly competition with my friend from Minnesota and other5814states. When she talks about Minnesota's 10,000 lakes or 15,0005815lakes, I like to remind people that we have over 3 million5816lakes in Alaska.5817 [Laughter.]5818 Senator Sullivan. It is by a magnitude of----5819 Senator Klobuchar. With most of them constantly frozen.5820 Senator Sullivan. That is true, but 3 million lakes. So I5821just want you to remember that. Maybe we will put that on our5822license plate too someday.5823 But I want to thank everybody. These are really important5824positions, and I want to begin by covering an executive order5825that President Trump issued on day one of his Administration.5826It is called ``Unleashing Alaska's Extraordinary Resource5827Potential.'' Very long. There is the President's signature. We5828are the only state in the union that has got our own executive5829order from this Administration. And it says that ``It is the5830policy of the United States to fully avail itself of Alaska's5831vast lands and resources for the benefit of the Nation and the5832American citizens who call Alaska home.''5833 So I want to begin by getting from all the witnesses, a5834commitment, if confirmed, and I think you are going to get5835confirmed, to come up to Alaska soon, after your confirmation,5836to see this extraordinary resource potential. You can come in5837the winter when it is cold, or the summer, to do some fishing.5838But can I get your commitment? We will start with you, Dr.5839Carmel.5840 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. Actually, I look forward to5841going back to Alaska. I have been there many times, and I would5842love to come back. Thank you, sir.5843 Senator Sullivan. Great.5844 Ms. DiBella. I echo that. I have been there once on a5845layover, a very brief layover, and I would like to be back for5846a lot longer.5847 Senator Sullivan. Great.5848 Mr. Harvey. Sir, I agree to support that. I have been to5849Alaska with my wife, fishing the Kenai and other great areas in5850the state, and we love it.5851 Senator Sullivan. Great. Dr. Petty?5852 Mr. Petty. Absolutely.5853 Senator Sullivan. You are a UAF grad----5854 Mr. Petty. That is correct.5855 Senator Sullivan.--so we are very proud of you. I think you5856might be the first UAF grad to hold this position. We have got5857to double-check that. So we are excited for you to get back to5858Alaska.5859 Mr. Petty. Excellent.5860 Senator Sullivan. Great. One of the elements of this5861executive order, and you are already hearing it a lot, is the5862EO directs Federal agencies to streamline permitting and5863accelerate approvals of critical infrastructure projects in5864Alaska. And yet, we continue to see lengthy and unnecessary5865delays.5866 Let me give you one. It is kind of MARAD and NPIAS. It is a5867MARAD grant for the Port of Adak, which we are going to be5868doing a lot with. We have, in the defense bill, starting to5869work to reopen the military base in Adak, out on the Aleutian5870Island chain. Very strategic, but also important for fisheries.5871This grant, the MARAD grant, has been stalled for months while5872NPIAS completes its biological opinion.5873 Formal consultations began in June, but NPIAS did not5874consider the application until late July. It has since5875reassigned staff to start all over again, has told the people5876of Adak that maybe they will get it out by December, maybe it5877will slip to next year because of Federal Register timing.5878 Dr. Petty, this is, my view, classic deep state. No5879offense. You know, I like all my constituents, but there are a5880lot of Federal employees who would love to slow-roll everything5881in Alaska. The President of the United States said, ``Enough.5882We are done doing that, in Alaska, especially.''5883 So I need your commitment, if confirmed, and you are going5884to get confirmed--I am a strong supporter of yours--to kind of5885give NPIAS a little bit of a kick in the behind, saying we are5886not doing this anymore. The Biden years of delaying, crushing5887projects in Alaska, because far-left environmental groups5888wanted that, they are over. Can you commit to me to get a5889culture of accountability and urgency with permitting offices5890throughout NOAA, if confirmed?5891 Mr. Petty. Senator, simply, yes, I look forward to it.5892 Senator Sullivan. And that one, in particular, but all the5893other ones, as well?5894 Mr. Petty. Yes, sir.5895 Senator Sullivan. No more delays. We are not doing 7-year5896permits anymore, 8-year permits.5897 Mr. Petty. Or longer.5898 Senator Sullivan. It is ridiculous. Killing the country.5899And it particularly kills my state, which is why the President,5900on day one, said, ``We are done with trying to crush Alaska,5901Federal agencies. You are going to move forward.'' So we need5902that leadership. I appreciate that.5903 Let me turn to another executive order, again from the5904Trump administration. This is ``Restoring American Seafood5905Competitiveness.'' I think Secretary Lutnick is off to a great5906start. We had the Seafood Roundtable that we talked about5907recently, with all the congressional delegation, Alaska5908stakeholders. We have Administrator Jacobs. You know, my state,5909again, is the superpower of seafood. Over two-thirds of all5910seafood harvested in America--subsistence, sport, commercial--5911comes from Alaska. Almost $2 billion of that is exported.5912Almost $16 billion is contributed to the U.S. economy from5913Alaska's seafood industry, 1.6 million jobs nationwide.5914 But you have heard it from Senator Cantwell. Unlike a lot5915of industries in America, the CHIPS Act, look, all these5916computer chip companies get a quarter of a trillion dollars in5917subsidies. Our seafood industry needs two things from the5918Federal Government--surveys and timely promulgation of5919regulations to open fisheries. That is it, and that is under5920you. And the surveys have not been going well.5921 Can I get your commitment to get us back to the gold5922standard of serious surveys, but doing it in a way in which it5923is prioritized, and again, in a way in which it is promoted in5924the President's executive order on seafood competitiveness, in5925addition to his executive order on Alaska?5926 Mr. Petty. Well, Senator, I know you have that executive5927order memorized, and so----5928 Senator Sullivan. And I want you to have it memorized.5929 Mr. Petty. That is right. I am sure you do.5930 Senator Sullivan. Both of them, actually.5931 Mr. Petty. I look forward to working specifically with you5932and your outstanding staff, who have incredible knowledge. So5933yes, looking forward to each one of those items.5934 Senator Sullivan. Let me just get to one final one, and I5935am going to turn it over to Senator Peters. Dr. Carmel, I think5936you and I are meeting later today in my office, so I am looking5937forward to that. I have a whole bunch of questions for you and5938others for the record.5939 But it goes to NOAA's budget that we need to get out here5940soon, their spend plan that includes, my understanding is to5941approve NOAA and OMB fishery disaster declarations and funds5942for the 2022 Yukon salmon, 2021 Upper Cook Inlet, and 20225943Kuskokwim salmon. Can you assure me that your first order of5944business will be the approval of these disaster funds and the5945recovery resources necessary?5946 Mr. Carmel. Senator, I look forward to getting into the5947building and doing just that. I think even already confirming5948Dr. Jacobs and him watching today and hearing it loud and5949clear. So I look forward to working with you to move those5950areas that you have highlighted forward, whether it is the5951research gaps that are missing, and even those surveys, as5952well.5953 Senator Sullivan. And we are going to do a lot together, as5954you and I talked about in my office yesterday, on the salmon5955challenges that we have.5956 Mr. Carmel. Yes, sir.5957 Senator Sullivan. Some of our salmon runs in Alaska are5958doing great, sockeye salmon run in Bristol Bay. Some are doing5959horrible, the King Run on the Yukon and the Kuskokwim. Very5960important to my constituents. Our legislation addresses that,5961but we have huge research gaps that we need to figure out and5962address. So I appreciate your commitment on that.5963 I will have some more questions for the record for the5964other witnesses. Thank you.5965 And I am now going to turn the entire hearing over to my5966Democratic colleagues. I hope they do not undertake some kind5967of coup on the Commerce Committee. So with that, Senator5968Markey, I think, or maybe Senator Peters. I am sorry. Senator5969Peters.59705971 STATEMENT OF HON. GARY PETERS,5972 U.S. SENATOR FROM MICHIGAN59735974 Senator Peters [presiding]. Yes, thank you, Senator5975Sullivan. Where is that gavel? You want to bring it right down5976here.5977 Senator Sullivan. Now don't hold it for long.5978 Senator Peters. Oh, you have got it right there. Senator5979Markey has it already. We are ready to roll. We are ready to5980roll.5981 Senator Markey. You can go whenever you want.5982 Senator Peters. Trust us. Don't worry. Well, welcome to5983each of you. Welcome and congratulations on your nominations.5984 Mr. Carmel, I would like to start with a topic that I5985raised with Secretary Duffy at his nomination hearing, ensuring5986both robust investment in our port infrastructure and the fair5987distribution across all regions in the country. As I am sure5988you know, MARAD Port Infrastructure Development Program5989supports much needed investments in safety, efficiency, as well5990as reliability of our Nation's ports. This sort of an5991investment is absolutely essential to ensuring that our5992manufacturers stay competitive and that the goods are reliably5993delivered to consumers across the Midwest but also all across5994the entire nation.5995 Program funding that has gone to our Great Lakes ports has5996provided a major boost, but that funding has been hard to come5997by, with the Great Lakes ports receiving as little as two5998percent of the funds in the past years. As a matter of fact,5999the Gulf ports have not gotten a fair shake either--it is not6000just Great Lakes--which is why my legislation to fix this6001funding disparity is cosponsored by Senators Wicker and Cornyn,6002along with my fellow Great Lakes colleagues, Senators Baldwin,6003Young, Duckworth, and Moreno. All bipartisan support for these.6004 This funding disparity is simply unacceptable, and when I6005raised this issue with Secretary Duffy, to his credit he fully6006agreed that it is unacceptable. And he committed to work with6007me to ensure robust and fair funding for Great Lakes ports6008going forward.6009 So Mr. Carmel, do you commit to the same? Specifically, if6010confirmed, one, will you support robust funding for our ports6011through the Port Infrastructure Development Program?6012 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. If I am given the honor of6013being confirmed, I look forward to working with you to advance6014that agenda. Yes, sir.6015 Senator Peters. Would you work to ensure the funding is6016distributed fairly, so that our Great Lakes, as well as Gulf6017ports, are not left at a competitive disadvantage, and will you6018commit to awarding those grants so that critical ongoing6019investments can proceed?6020 Mr. Carmel. I would need to get in the building. I am not6021that familiar with the PDIP program at all. I have never worked6022in it. But I would commit to working with you to make sure it6023is administered fairly and effectively.6024 Senator Peters. So you would fully support fair funding,6025making sure Gulf and Great Lakes ports, and you understand the6026importance of those to our Nation's economy?6027 Mr. Carmel. Oh, absolutely. I have been in and out of Great6028Lakes ports most of my sailing career, and I understand deeply6029the importance of the Great Lakes ports to the heartland6030manufacturing. So, yes.6031 Senator Peters. Great, especially overtaxed ports on the6032coast, the East Coast, coming up the St. Lawrence Seaway and6033into the Great Lakes can create a lot of opportunities for6034further efficient movement of goods.6035 Mr. Carmel. Yes.6036 Senator Peters. Good. Mr. Petty, my next question is for6037you. Harmful algal blooms pose a serious risk to water quality,6038tourism, as well as public health in the Great Lakes. To give6039you a sense of just how devastating these outbreaks can be, a6040toxic algal bloom in Lake Erie left residents in Toledo without6041safe drinking water for three full days recently. NOAA's6042research and forecasting capabilities are absolutely essential6043for early detection or mitigation strategies and long-term6044solutions that will protect our communities as well as our6045ecosystems from future outbreaks.6046 However, despite unwavering--once again, unwavering--6047bipartisan support for these activities here in Congress, this6048Administration has sought drastic cuts to NOAA that would6049jeopardize this critical mission.6050 So Mr. Petty, if confirmed, how will you ensure that NOAA6051can support and meet the growing needs for harmful algal bloom6052detection and forecasting to ensure safe, clean water for Great6053Lakes communities, agriculture, and industry? As you well know,6054millions and millions of people rely every day on water from6055the Great Lakes to drink, and for these other three key6056functions. And as part of your answer, could you speak to the6057importance of having sufficient staff and funding at NOAA to be6058able to carry out these important activities?6059 Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator. Thank you for that question. HABs6060is an issue that needs to be fully addressed in many ways. The6061commitment that I will make, for sure, is that we are getting6062the best available science for those areas to address these6063HABs issues. It is not only Great Lakes but it is multiple6064areas up and down our coastal states, as well as the6065relationship that we have with other agencies that also get6066resources and funding specifically. That is the area that is6067the priority, of making sure that all the different agencies--6068Army Corps, Interior--have the resources that they need to6069directly address these HABs issues, including the Department of6070Agriculture.6071 Senator Peters. So in terms of staff at NOAA, if there are6072shortfalls you will be an aggressive advocate to make sure you6073have the resources and the people----6074 Mr. Petty. Correct.6075 Senator Peters.--to actually do that work?6076 Mr. Petty. Yes. Looking forward to being able to get into6077the building and making sure that the priorities and that we6078have all the critical staff to meet the mission that you have6079set forth.6080 Senator Peters. Very good. Well, thank you.6081 I now turn the floor over to Senator Markey, who will also6082have the exclusive control of the gavel at this point.60836084 STATEMENT OF HON. EDWARD MARKEY,6085 U.S. SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS60866087 Senator Markey [presiding]. So I hope you packed a lunch.6088 [Laughter.]6089 Senator Markey. Thank you, Senator Peters. Seaport projects6090create good-paying union jobs for Americans and develop6091infrastructure that lasts for decades. These projects take6092years of expensive planning, but they bring huge economic6093benefits to both blue and red states.6094 If confirmed, Mr. Carmel, you would be in charge of the6095Port Infrastructure Development Program, and this is an6096incredibly important program. It delivers major support for the6097ports that keep our Nation running.6098 But in August of this year, the Trump administration6099arbitrarily canceled millions of dollars of grants under this6100program, pulling the rug out from port projects that were6101construction ready. Ports across America now cannot trust the6102Federal Government to support port projects based on the merits6103because they are getting canceled based on politics, Mr.6104Carmel.6105 Mr. Carmel, do you believe that arbitrary and sudden6106cancellations of Port Infrastructure Development grants6107decrease trust between ports and Maritime Administration?6108 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, Senator. I am not familiar with the6109situation that you are talking about. Again, I am not familiar6110at all with the PDIP program, other than I know it exists. I6111have never worked in it. I would need to get into the building6112to understand what happened and why, and I can commit to you to6113working with you to sort things out. I can tell you that as a6114general rule, stability is important to our industry.6115 Senator Markey. Well, we agree with that, and our MARAD6116Administration will have to grapple with the fact that right6117now our ports can no longer trust this Administration to keep6118its word and protect their workers or their investments to have6119stability. It just does not exist. It is a highly unstable6120environment.6121 So Mr. Carmel, do you believe it is appropriate for the6122Administration to kill American maritime and construction jobs6123by canceling grant awards for political reasons?6124 Mr. Carmel. Senator, I was not here then. I do not6125understand what happened. I would actually need to get into the6126building and sit with the Maritime Administration staff to6127understand what happened, to be able to give you an answer to6128the question.6129 Senator Markey. Well, I do not think it is appropriate. I6130do not think the 800 union workers in Massachusetts who are not6131getting a paycheck, thanks to the Trump administration, think6132it is appropriate either. It is just arbitrary, it is6133capricious, it is political. That is what is happening to 8006134people now without a job.6135 Mr. Carmel, if confirmed, would you work to restore Port6136Infrastructure Development Program grants that were canceled6137despite the fact that the projects met all the terms of their6138grant agreements?6139 Mr. Carmel. Thank you, sir. And again, if I am given the6140honor of confirmation I can commit to trying to understand the6141situation. I was not there. I do not understand what happened.6142And without having the facts I really am not in a position to6143give an answer, other than to say I would commit to learning6144about it.6145 Senator Markey. Well, if we play politics with nonpartisan6146port infrastructure grants it sets a terrible, but a powerful6147precedent for administrations to come, that they can just move6148in politically and kill projects because they come under the6149control of Democratic states, or in the future, Republican6150states, and that is just a terrible precedent to be set in the6151first 10 months of the Trump administration. Because it makes6152it very difficult to work on a bipartisan basis in Congress to6153support these agencies, because you are not sure that what you6154reach as an agreement is going to, in fact, be upheld, and be6155agreed to.6156 The great humorist, Oscar Levant, used to have a joke that6157covered this subject. It covers the era in which we are now6158working, which was he would say, ``We will double-cross that6159bridge when we get to it.'' So you reach an agreement, think6160everything is great, and then down the line, on a partisan6161basis, the Democratic projects get cut and the Republicans do6162not. So it just makes it harder, a lot harder for all of us to6163be able to operate in a world in which your word is your bond,6164that you get the benefit of the bargain that you gave, and in6165return you got for your home state.6166 But that whole era is now increasingly being viewed in a6167rear-view mirror, because these are not hypothetical questions.6168These attacks already happened, taking paychecks out of6169workers' pockets and taking investment out of portside6170communities, and it is just unacceptable that the Trump6171administration is punishing communities just because they did6172not vote for him in 2024. It is just absolutely a destruction6173of the bipartisan construct of the U.S. Congress.6174 Mr. Carmel, the Trump administration has told the country6175we are experiencing, quote, ``an energy emergency,'' yet this6176Administration is trying to kill offshore wind projects,6177destroy union jobs, and keep megawatts of clean power off the6178grid. Mr. Carmel, yes or no. Do you believe that the offshore6179wind industry can contribute to the development of American6180ports and American shipping, create more American jobs, and6181also provide more megawatts for the grid?6182 Mr. Carmel. Again, I was not involved in any of those6183discussions. I was not there. Energy policy is outside of my6184area of expertise. So I would need to get in the building to6185understand the issues and where MARAD intersects with them, to6186be able to give you an answer.6187 Senator Markey. Well, you do not have to go in that6188building to know that electricity prices have gone up 106189percent since Donald Trump was sworn in this year, 10 percent.6190That is on the front page of newspapers across the country.6191That is dramatic what is happening.6192 Mr. Carmel, do you agree that it is not in the national6193interest to raise energy prices for households in the United6194States?6195 Mr. Carmel. Again, Senator, energy policy, in general, is6196just not my swim lane. And so I am not qualified to answer the6197question.6198 Senator Markey. Well, ultimately all of these coastal6199decisions are going to have an incredible impact on the6200electricity rates for families in our country. It is now6201increasing at triple the rate of inflation, and a lot of it is6202due to the energy policy of the Trump administration, the6203cancellation of offshore wind projects, and then the ripple6204effect that it has upon the electricity rates for everyone else6205within those communities that have been now denied those extra6206megawatts, that have been turned into nega-watts that just do6207not exist.6208 Well, in addition to Trump administration's attacks on6209American-made wind industry, another driver of rising costs is6210the surge in fossil fuel exports. As Administrator of MARAD,6211you would be directly responsible for making sure that deep-6212water export terminals do not receive permits if they are not6213in the national interest or consistent with national policy6214goals and objectives, including national security, energy6215sufficiency domestically, and environmental quality6216domestically.6217 As you review these export terminal permits, I urge you to6218prioritize lower domestic costs, environmental protection over6219the higher profits for oil and gas companies. And I urge you to6220do that, sir. It is an important part of your responsibility.6221 And I would say, as now we are exporting upwards of 156222percent of all of our natural gas overseas, the companies get a6223bigger price for it, once it hits the open market, and get it6224in the ship and get it off our shore. But it has a dramatic6225impact on the price of natural gas here, where the remaining6226natural gas becomes much more expensive, because you have6227reduced it by 15 percent to sell it overseas. That then impacts6228small businesses. It impacts consumers all across our Nation.6229 Dr. Petty, two questions to you. Because of DOGE and Trump6230we are losing invaluable research in fisheries expertise6231throughout the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.6232Dr. Petty, do you agree to support the Northeast Fisheries6233Science Center and the important work that it does, if you are6234confirmed?6235 Mr. Petty. Senator, thank you. It is an important question.6236For sure, with NOAA fisheries, the whole northeastern part of6237the Atlantic and the fisheries aspect, we have great staff up6238there that are doing amazing work in jobs up there. My priority6239is to making sure that they continue to do their work and that6240they are doing it with all the resources that they have6241available to them.6242 Senator Markey. Do you agree that it is critical to protect6243the NOAA scientists so that they can continue their work on6244fisheries issues?6245 Mr. Petty. Senator, I take seriously the scientific6246integrity of making sure that we are providing the best6247available science and that the scientists have the resources6248that they have to make sure that they get their work done, that6249Congress has given them direct mission to do.6250 Senator Markey. Well, I would invite you to come to visit6251important NOAA facilities in Massachusetts----6252 Mr. Petty. I look forward to that.6253 Senator Markey.--if you are confirmed.6254 Mr. Petty. Yes. Thank you, Senator. I appreciate that.6255 Senator Markey. We would look forward to that.6256 So Mr. Carmel, Ms. DiBella, Mr. Harvey, Dr. Petty, my final6257question is required of all nominees. If confirmed, do you6258pledge to work collaboratively with this Committee to provide6259thorough and timely responses to the Committee's requests and6260to appear before the Committee when requested?6261 Mr. Carmel. Yes, Senator, I do.6262 Ms. DiBella. Yes, Senator. You have my word.6263 Mr. Harvey. Yes, sir.6264 Mr. Petty. Yes, Senator.6265 Senator Markey. Thank you. So I have 16 letters of support6266from various organizations for Mr. Carmel's, Ms. DiBella's, and6267Dr. Petty's nominations, and I ask unanimous consent to have6268those letters inserted in the hearing record. Without6269objection, so ordered.6270 [The information referred to follows:]62716272 National Water Resources Association6273 October 20, 202562746275Hon. Ted Cruz,6276Chairman,6277Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,6278Washington, DC.6279Hon. Maria Cantwell,6280Ranking Member6281Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee,6282Washington, DC.62836284Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:62856286 On behalf of the National Water Resources Association (NWRA), I6287want to express our strong support for the nomination of Dr. Tim Petty6288to serve as the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and6289Atmosphere (NOAA).6290 NWRA is a nonprofit federation of state water resources6291associations, regional associations, agriculture and municipal water6292agencies, and industrial water groups. Our members provide water and6293hydropower to approximately 50 million individuals, families,6294agricultural producers and other industries that support our6295communities large and small, our economy and environment.6296 Dr. Petty is a devoted public servant who will bring extensive6297experience and proven leadership in natural resource management to this6298position. Having previously served as Assistant Secretary for Water and6299Science at the Department of Interior, NWRA witnessed firsthand his6300effective leadership in managing water development, regulatory6301responsibilities, and policy initiatives essential to the sustainable6302management of the Nation's water resources. NWRA has also worked6303closely with Dr. Petty in his most recent role as a Professional Staff6304Member on the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee's Water6305Resources and Environment Subcommittee, where he applied his expertise6306to legislative and oversight matters concerning water infrastructure6307and hazardous waste management.6308 Dr. Petty's years of experience have allowed him to build a strong6309network across the natural resources community, where collaboration is6310essential to shaping coastal and ocean management, resilience, and6311fisheries policy. His ability to connect policy with practical6312solutions, combined with his commitment to public service, positions6313him well to lead efforts that strengthen our natural resources and the6314communities that rely on them.6315 The NWRA confidently endorses the appointment of Dr. Tim Petty for6316Assistant Secretary of NOAA. His experience and leadership will6317strengthen the agency's work and help advance its mission.6318 Thank you for considering our views on this important nomination.6319Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions or6320require additional information.6321 Sincerely,6322 Greg Morrison,6323 Executive Vice President,6324 National Water Resources Association.6325 ______63266327 Modesto Irrigation District6328 Turlock Irrigation District6329 October 6, 202563306331Honorable Ted Cruz,6332Chairman6333Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6334Washington, DC.6335Hon. Maria Cantwell,6336Ranking Member,6337Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6338Washington, DC.63396340Dear Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Members of the6341 Committee:63426343 On behalf of the Modesto Irrigation District (MID) and Turlock6344Irrigation District (TID), we are pleased to express support for Dr.6345Timothy Petty as the nominee for Assistant Secretary for Oceans and6346Atmosphere at the U.S. Department of Commerce.6347 The Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere plays an6348important role providing accountable oversight to NOAA Fisheries6349including implementation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). These6350responsibilities directly affect the availability and affordability of6351water and power for our customers, and we are confident Dr. Petty has6352the experience and skill to find balanced solutions that protect6353species and our local communities at the same time.6354 We have worked with Dr. Petty on numerous Western water issues and6355have found him to be a principled leader with a deep understanding of6356the challenges faced by agricultural communities and water users. His6357prior service as Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the6358Department of the Interior and as Congressional staff in the House and6359Senate demonstrates his capability and commitment to pursuing durable,6360science-based solutions to challenging water resources issues.6361 In his previous role, he has also led interagency efforts such as6362the Water Subcabinet and the National Drought Resilience Partnership,6363promoting coordination and innovation in water resource management.6364 We are confident that Dr. Petty will bring practical experience,6365collaborative spirit, and scientific integrity to this role. His6366appointment would benefit both Federal fisheries management and the6367agricultural communities that depend on sound policy. We strongly6368support this nomination and strongly urge the Committee and the full6369Senate to quickly approve Dr. Tim Petty's nomination.6370 Sincerely,6371 Jimi Netniss,6372 General Manager,6373 Modesto Irrigation District.6374 Brad Koehn,6375 General Manager,6376 Turlock Irrigation District.6377 ______63786379 American Farm Bureau Federation6380 October 9, 202563816382Hon. Ted Cruz,6383Chairman,6384U.S. Senate,6385Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6386Washington, DC.6387Hon. Maria Cantwell,6388Ranking Member,6389U.S. Senate,6390Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6391Washington, DC.63926393Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:63946395 The American Farm Bureau Federation writes in support of the6396nomination of Dr. Timothy Petty to serve as Assistant Secretary of6397Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and urges the Senate Committee on6398Commerce, Science, and Transportation to swiftly approve his6399nomination. AFBF is our Nation's largest general farm organization,6400working together to build a sustainable future of safe and abundant6401food, fiber, timber and renewable fuel for our Nation and the world.6402 Dr. Petty is a dedicated public servant with decades of experience6403serving our Nation as senior staff on Capitol Hill and at the6404Department of the Interior. He also has a significant scientific6405background as a geologist and hydrogeologist who earned a Ph.D.6406studying surface hydrology. Dr. Petty is from Indiana and grew up on a6407family farm and, therefore, understands the opportunities and6408challenges facing our Nation's farmers. He has a unique and varied6409background and set of experiences that has prepared him for this next6410challenge.6411 We look forward to Dr. Petty's work at the department and his focus6412on responding to the needs of the American people, especially farmers,6413ranchers and landowners. Thank you for your attention to this important6414matter and for your commitment to serving our Nation's farmers and6415rural communities.6416 Sincerely,6417 Zippy Duvall,6418 President.6419 ______64206421 San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority6422 Sacramento, CA, October 20, 202564236424Hon. Ted Cruz,6425Chairman,6426Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6427United States Senate,6428Washington, DC.6429Hon. Maria Cantwell,6430Ranking Member,6431Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,6432United States Senate,6433Washington, DC.64346435Submitted via e-mail64366437Re: Support for the Nomination of Dr. Tim Petty as Assistant Secretary6438 for Oceans and Atmosphere64396440Dear Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Committee Members,64416442 The San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority (``Water Authority'')6443is pleased to strongly endorse Dr. Timothy Petty as the next Assistant6444Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere at the U.S. Department of Commerce.6445 The Water Authority is a public agency in California, comprised of6446twenty-seven member agencies, and was formed in 1992 as a joint powers6447authority. Twenty-five of these agencies contract with the United6448States for the delivery of water from the Federal Central Valley6449Project (``CVP''). The CVP is operated and managed by the United States6450Bureau of Reclamation. The Water Authority acts as the operation and6451maintenance entity for the CVP's Delta Division and south-of-Delta6452facilities that the Water Authority's member agencies depend on for the6453delivery of their water supply.6454 Most of the Water Authority's member agencies depend upon the CVP6455as the principal source of water they provide to users within their6456service areas. That water supply serves approximately 1.2 million acres6457of California agricultural lands within areas of San Joaquin,6458Stanislaus, Merced, Fresno, Kings, San Benito, and Santa Clara6459Counties; a portion of the water supply for over 2 million people,6460including in urban areas such as Silicon Valley in the San Francisco6461Bay Area; and approximately 200,000 acres of managed wetlands and6462wildlife refuges within the largest continuous wetland in the western6463United States. Importantly, the San Joaquin Valley in California,6464served in significant part by the CVP, produces nearly two-thirds of6465the Nation's fruits and vegetables during certain periods of the year,6466highlighting the region's importance to America's national security.6467 The Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere serves as the6468Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric6469Administration (``NOAA'') and assists the Under Secretary of Commerce6470for Oceans and Atmosphere in overseeing oceanic and atmospheric6471research, policy, and operations. NOAA Fisheries is responsible for the6472stewardship of the Nation's ocean resources and habitat. Guided by the6473Magnuson-Stevens Act, NOAA Fisheries works in partnership with Regional6474Fishery Management Councils to assess and predict the status of fish6475stocks, set catch limits, ensure compliance with fisheries regulations,6476and reduce bycatch. NOAA Fisheries also implements the Marine Mammal6477Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act (``ESA'') for anadromous6478and catadromous species, working to recover protected marine species6479while supporting regional economies, including communities reliant on6480imported water from the CVP and industries affected by management of6481anadromous species in California's rivers. Our members--whose water6482supply is reliant on watersheds that provide habitat for anadromous6483fish, like salmon and steelhead trout--are significantly impacted by6484ESA-related decisions made by NOAA Fisheries. As a result, this6485appointed position holds particular importance for our member and our6486region.6487 The Water Authority knows that Dr. Petty is a strong leader; he is6488a respected professional, collaborative, guided by common sense and6489high ethical standards. We have worked with Dr. Petty on numerous water6490issues and have seen firsthand his grasp of the unique challenges in6491states where Federal land and water management decisions directly6492affect local communities.6493 Dr. Petty has extensive Federal policy-level experience gained from6494his many years of public service on Capitol Hill and at the Department6495of the Interior, including as the Senate-confirmed Assistant Secretary6496for Water and Science at the Department of the Interior (``DOI''),6497overseeing both the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of6498Reclamation. His career spans private-sector work as a geologist and6499hydrogeologist in Indiana and California, a legislative and policy6500expert advising three United States Senators, and executive leadership6501in DOI under the George W. Bush administration as both Deputy and6502Acting Assistant Secretary for Water and Science.6503 Dr. Petty also co-chaired the Water Subcabinet, an interagency6504coordination body established under Executive Order 13956 to streamline6505Federal water resource management, infrastructure modernization,6506drought resilience, and workforce development across agencies like the6507Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture, NOAA,6508U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Army Corps.6509 We know that if confirmed, Dr. Petty will bring a level of6510practical experience, scientific integrity, and a collaborative,6511solutions-oriented approach that strengthens fisheries while balancing6512the needs of farmers, communities, and wildlife enthusiasts throughout6513California and the Pacific Northwest.6514 For these reasons, the Water Authority respectfully requests your6515support for Dr. Tim Petty's nomination as Assistant Secretary for6516Oceans and Atmosphere of the U.S. Department of Commerce. He will serve6517the Department, the Administration, and the public exceedingly well in6518this position.6519 Thank you for consideration. If you have any further questions,6520please reach out to Scott Petersen, Water Policy Director, at6521scott.petersen@sldmwa.org.6522 Respectfully,6523 Federico Barajas,6524 Executive Director,6525 San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority.6526 ______65276528 National States Geographic Information Council6529 October 21, 202565306531Hon. Ted Cruz,6532Chairman6533Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6534United States Senate,6535Washington, DC.6536Hon. Maria Cantwell,6537Ranking Member,6538Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6539United States Senate,6540Washington, DC.65416542Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:65436544 On behalf of the National States Geographic Information Council6545(NSGIC), the national non-profit 501(c)(3) organization representing6546state geographic information system (GIS) leaders and professionals6547dedicated to advancing geospatial technology and policy at the state6548and local levels, I write to express support for the nomination of Dr.6549Timothy Petty for the position of Assistant Secretary of Commerce for6550Oceans and Atmosphere at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric6551Administration (NOAA).6552 The role of the Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere is,6553as you know, a position of extreme importance and the confirmation of6554this nomination is vital to the fulfillment of the agency's mission to6555serve the Nation by providing reliable scientific information to6556describe and understand changes in climate, weather, oceans, and6557coasts. As the Department of Commerce's premier agency for atmospheric6558and oceanic science, the expeditious confirmation of a qualified6559nominee for this appointment is paramount to maintain the great work of6560this agency.6561 NSGIC believes that Dr. Petty is uniquely qualified to fulfill the6562responsibilities of this role. With nearly two decades of experience in6563Federal water and science policy, including his tenure as Assistant6564Secretary for Water and Science at the Department of the Interior where6565he oversaw the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Bureau of6566Reclamation, Dr. Petty will no doubt hit the ground running. In that6567capacity, he served as Co-Chair of the National Drought Resilience6568Partnership, coordinating interagency efforts on drought forecasting,6569research, and technology. He previously served as Acting Assistant6570Secretary and Deputy Assistant Secretary for Water and Science during6571the George W. Bush Administration, and holds a Ph.D. from the6572University of Alaska Fairbanks.6573 NSGIC and its member states work very closely with NOAA to advance6574its mission by providing geospatial data integration, GIS support, and6575policy coordination--to name a few. Our contributions include6576supporting initiatives like the Digital Coast Partnership, which6577leverages lidar, elevation data, and coastal mapping to enhance6578resilience and decision-making at state and local levels. Our6579membership sees firsthand the many benefits NOAA provides our Nation,6580states, counties, tribal governments,6581 first-responders, institutions of higher learning, and many others.6582We look forward to continuing to support that important work under the6583leadership of Dr. Petty, should he be confirmed.6584 I urge you and your colleagues to give full and fair consideration6585to this nomination, and to expeditiously confirm Dr. Petty for the6586position of Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.6587Thank you for your consideration.6588 Sincerely,6589 Mark Yacucci,6590 President,6591 National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC).65926593Cc: John S. Jordan,6594CAE Executive Director6595National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC)6596 ______65976598 Association of California Water Agencies6599 October 20, 202566006601Hon. Ted Cruz,6602Chairman,6603Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6604Washington, DC.6605Hon. Maria Cantwell,6606Ranking Member,6607Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6608Washington, DC.66096610RE: Support for Nomination of Timothy Petty to be Assistant Secretary6611 for Oceans and Atmosphere of the U.S. Department of6612 Commerce66136614Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:66156616 The Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA) writes to6617support the nomination of Dr. Timothy Petty to serve as Assistant6618Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere for the U.S. Department of6619Commerce.6620 ACWA is the largest statewide coalition of public water agencies in6621the United States. ACWA represents approximately 470 member agencies6622that are responsible for delivering about 90 percent of the water to6623communities, farms, and businesses in California. ACWA and its members6624are dedicated to providing a high-quality, reliable water supply in an6625environmentally sustainable and fiscally responsible manner.6626 Several of ACWA's key priorities align with the National Oceanic6627and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). For example, ACWA members seek6628to obtain Federal permits from the National Marine Fisheries Service6629(NMFS) and improve forecasting and modeling to predict water supply6630availability. Dr. Petty's expertise as a scientist, engineer, and6631dedicated public servant will only strengthen the Agency's capabilities6632in these critical areas.6633 Dr. Petty is highly qualified to serve as Assistant Secretary for6634Oceans and Atmosphere at the Department of Commerce and as Deputy6635Administrator of NOAA. Dr. Petty brings a strong combination of Federal6636government experience and scientific expertise that will enhance the6637Agency's critical work implementing the Endangered Species Act (ESA)6638through NOAA Fisheries and advancing watershed forecasting efforts such6639as Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations (FIRO).6640 Dr. Petty's extensive public service includes well over a decade6641working in Congress, serving as Assistant Secretary for Water and6642Science at the Department of the Interior (DOI) during the first Trump6643Administration, and previously holding senior leadership roles at DOI6644including Acting Assistant Secretary and Deputy Assistant Secretary for6645Water and Science, under President George W. Bush. Holding a Bachelor's6646degree in Geosciences from Purdue University, a Master's in Business6647Management from the University of Maryland University College, and a6648Doctorate in Water Science and Policy from the University of Alaska6649Fairbanks, Dr. Petty's educational background supplements his6650dedication to applying evidence-based, science-driven solutions to6651Federal policymaking and program implementation.6652 The West faces a great challenge contending with the worsening,6653historic drought. NOAA has continued to play a major role in helping6654our Nation work through this drought while balancing support for6655communities, businesses, agriculture, and ecosystem restoration. Dr.6656Petty is well qualified to navigate the unique challenges that Western6657states face through this trying time. ACWA welcomes the opportunity to6658work with Dr. Petty in a collaborative and constructive manner. We6659strongly support his nomination and urge his swift confirmation.6660 Please do not hesitate to reach out if we can be of assistance in6661advancing Dr. Petty's nomination by contacting Ian Lyle, ACWA's6662Director of Federal Relations at ianl@acwa.com.6663 Sincerely,6664 Ian Lyle,6665 Director of Federal Relations6666 Association of California Water Agencies66676668CC:6669The Honorable Alex Padilla, U.S. Senate6670The Honorable Adam Schiff, U.S. Senate6671 ______66726673 The Sanborn Map Company, Inc.6674 Colorado Springs, CO, October 20, 202566756676Hon. Ted Cruz,6677Chairman,6678Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6679United States Senate,6680Washington, DC.6681Hon. Maria Cantwell,6682Ranking Member,6683Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6684United States Senate,6685Washington, DC.66866687Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:66886689 I am writing on behalf of The Sanborn Map Company, Inc., where I6690serve as Owner and Chief Executive Officer, to express my6691enthusiastic support for the nomination of Dr. Timothy Petty to serve6692as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere at the6693National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). As a leader in6694the geospatial industry with over 150 years of experience delivering6695innovative remote sensing and mapping solutions to the U.S. government,6696Sanborn has a vested interest in the effective stewardship of our6697Nation's oceans, atmosphere, and environmental data resources--all of6698which geospatial data and GIS services support. Dr. Petty's6699distinguished career and proven leadership in water science,6700environmental management, and interagency collaboration make him6701exceptionally qualified for this critical role.6702 Dr. Petty brings a wealth of expertise to NOAA, honed through his6703tenure as Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the Department6704of the Interior, where he oversaw the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and6705the Bureau of Reclamation. In that capacity, he played a pivotal role6706in advancing drought resilience strategies, including his leadership as6707Co-Chair of the National Drought Resilience Partnership (NDRP). This6708interagency effort coordinates Federal policies, research,6709forecasting, and technology to enhance community preparedness for6710natural disasters--a mission that directly aligns with NOAA's core6711functions in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and oceanic6712resource management. His prior service as Deputy Assistant Secretary6713for Water and Science further underscores his deep understanding of the6714scientific and policy challenges at the intersection of water6715resources, environmental protection, and economic resilience.6716 In addition to his work with multiple presidential administrations,6717Dr. Petty served as a senior advisor to three United States Senators,6718including Senator Connie Mack, Senator Rick Santorum, and Senator James6719Risch, as well as a Senior Professional Staff Member on the House6720Transportation and Infrastructure Committee.6721 At Sanborn, we have long partnered with Federal agencies like USGS6722and NOAA to deliver high-resolution geospatial data that informs6723decision-making on pressing issues such as flood risk assessment,6724infrastructure planning, and landslide mitigation, to name a few. Dr.6725Petty's track record of fostering collaboration between agencies,6726including his support for NOAA's National Water Model, positions him to6727strengthen these vital partnerships. Under his guidance, NOAA can6728accelerate the integration of geospatial innovations with atmospheric6729and oceanic data, enabling more precise forecasts, enhanced6730environmental modeling, and robust support for industries from6731agriculture to disaster response.6732 As Legislative Affairs Chairman of MAPPS, the national6733association representing over 100 private-sector geospatial firms6734and 10,000 professionals, I have witnessed firsthand the6735importance of leaders who champion science-based policies and public-6736private collaboration. Dr. Petty embodies this ethos. His nomination6737represents an opportunity to elevate NOAA's mission in an era of6738increasing environmental challenges, ensuring that geospatial and6739atmospheric sciences continue to safeguard American lives, livelihoods,6740and landscapes.6741 I urge the Committee to confirm Dr. Petty without delay. His6742confirmation will not only advance NOAA's strategic priorities but6743also reinforce the geospatial sector's role in supporting congressional6744intent for resilient infrastructure and environmental stewardship.6745Thank you for your leadership on these matters and for considering this6746letter in your deliberations.6747 Sincerely,6748 John Copple,6749 Owner and Chief Executive Officer,6750 The Sanborn Map Company, Inc.6751 ______67526753 Idaho Water Users Association6754 Boise, ID, September 22, 202567556756Hon. Ted Cruz, Chairman,6757Hon. Maria Cantwell, Ranking Member,6758Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6759United States Senate,6760Washington, DC.67616762RE: Support for Dr. Tim Petty's Nomination67636764Dear Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell and Members of the6765 Committee:67666767 On behalf of the Idaho Water Users Association (IWUA), I write to6768express support for Dr. Timothy Petty as the next Assistant Secretary6769for Oceans and Atmosphere of the U.S. Department of Commerce.6770 IWUA is a non-profit organization representing approximately 3006771canal companies, irrigation districts, ground water districts,6772municipal and public water suppliers, hydroelectric companies,6773aquaculture interests, agri-businesses, professional firms and6774individuals throughout Idaho. Our purpose is to promote, aid and assist6775in the development, control, conservation, preservation and utilization6776of Idaho's water resources.6777 As the Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, Dr. Petty6778would serve as the Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic and6779Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and assist the Under Secretary of6780Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere in overseeing oceanic and6781atmospheric research, policy, and operations. NOAA Fisheries is6782responsible for the stewardship of the Nation's ocean resources and6783habitat. Using the Magnuson-Stevens Act as the guide, NOAA Fisheries6784works in partnership with Regional Fishery Management Councils to6785assess and predict the status of fish stocks, set catch limits, ensure6786compliance with fisheries regulations, and reduce bycatch. Under the6787Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act (ESA), NOAA6788Fisheries works to recover protected marine species while allowing6789economic and recreational opportunities.6790 IWUA members are impacted by BSA-related decisions made by NOAA6791Fisheries. We rely on NOAA fisheries to make reasons, science-based6792decisions that balance the needs of communities, economies and6793fisheries. Thus, this appointed position is critically important to our6794organization.6795 Dr. Petty is a strong leader, a well-respected professional and a6796person with vision, common sense and high ethical standards. We have6797worked with Dr. Petty in the past on many water issues. He understands6798the unique challenges faced by water users--particularly in basins6799where the Federal government plays a significant role in the management6800of land and water.6801 Dr. Petty has extensive Federal policy-level experience gained from6802his time on Capitol Hill and at the Department of the Interior,6803including as the Senate-confirmed Assistant Secretary for Water and6804Science at the Department of the Interior (DOI). He co-chaired the6805Water Subcabinet during the first Trump administration, an interagency6806coordination body established to streamline Federal water resource6807management, infrastructure modernization, drought resilience, and6808workforce development across agencies like. EPA, USDA, NOAA, DOE, and6809the Army Corps.6810 We are confident that Dr. Petty will bring a level of practical6811experience, collaboration, intelligence and strong scientific integrity6812to this position that will serve not only the interests of the Federal6813government but also strengthen important fisheries while respecting6814communities and economies up and down the West Coast.6815 IWUA respectfully requests your support for Dr. Tim Petty's6816nomination as the next Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere of6817the U.S. Department of Commerce. We know he will serve the Department,6818the Administration, and our Nation very well in this important6819position.6820 Sincerely,6821 Paul Arrington,6822 Executive Director and General Counsel,6823 Idaho Water Users Association.6824 ______68256826Dear Senator,68276828 On behalf of the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA),6829representing the seaports that connect U.S. commerce to the global6830economy, we write in strong support of the nomination of Laura DiBella6831to serve as a Commissioner on the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC).6832 The FMC plays a critical role in ensuring fair competition and6833reliability in our Nation's maritime supply chains, particularly at a6834time when global instability, shifting trade patterns, and supply chain6835disruptions threaten American businesses and workers. Filling the6836Commission's current vacancies with qualified leaders is essential to6837providing continuity, expertise, and effective oversight of the6838industry.6839 Laura DiBella is exceptionally qualified for this role. She brings6840decades of experience across both public and private sectors in6841maritime, trade, and economic development. Her leadership as President6842and CEO of Enterprise Florida and as Executive Director of the Florida6843Harbor Pilots Association reflects her deep understanding of both6844business and regulatory environments. Her direct operational6845perspective as Port Director of the Port of Fernandina Ocean Highway6846and Port Authority further demonstrates her familiarity with the daily6847challenges and opportunities facing U.S. ports. Beyond ports, her6848service as Executive Director of the Nassau County Economic Development6849Board underscores her commitment to advancing regional economic growth6850tied to maritime commerce.6851 For these reasons, AAPA strongly urges the Senate Commerce,6852Science, and Transportation Committee to expeditiously advance Laura6853DiBella's nomination and for the full Senate to confirm her as a6854Commissioner on the FMC. Her proven leadership, breadth of maritime and6855economic development experience, and commitment to strengthening U.S.6856supply chains make her an invaluable addition to the Commission.6857 We deeply appreciate your consideration of this important6858nomination.6859 Very Respectfully,6860 Cary S. Davis,6861 President and CEO,6862 American Association of Port Authorities.6863 ______68646865 Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association (AFL-CIO)6866 Washington, DC, September 17, 202568676868Hon. Ted Cruz,6869Chairman,6870U.S. Senate,6871Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6872Washington, DC.6873Hon, Maria Cantwell,6874Ranking Member6875U.S. Senate,6876Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6877Washington, DC.68786879Re: Nomination of Laura DiBella to the Federal Maritime Commission68806881Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:68826883 On behalf of the Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association6884(M.E.B.A.), the Nation's oldest maritime labor union representing6885licensed U.S. merchant marine officers, I write to express our strong6886support for the nomination of Laura DiBella to serve as a Commissioner6887of the Federal Maritime Commission (FMC).6888 Ms. DiBella has demonstrated throughout her career a deep6889understanding of the maritime industry and an abiding commitment to its6890successful growth. Her leadership as Executive Director of the Florida6891Harbor Pilots Association, Port Director of the Port of Fernandina, and6892Secretary of Commerce for the State of Florida reflects both her6893expertise and her proven ability to navigate the complex challenges6894facing U.S. ports, maritime commerce, and supply chains.6895 Notably, Ms. DiBella has shown that she values and respects the6896invaluable role of maritime workers in supporting our Nation's growing6897economy. She has worked collaboratively with maritime labor,6898recognizing that a strong U.S.-flag fleet and skilled mariners are6899indispensable to our national defense and economic security. At a time6900when foreign carriers and alliances threaten to dominate international6901shipping, Ms. DiBella's leadership will help ensure that the FMC6902remains vigilant in protecting U.S. jobs, businesses, and fair6903competition in the global shipping industry.6904 Her crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic, where she6905safeguarded critical maritime operations while ensuring the workforce6906remained supported, exemplifies the steady and capable leadership she6907will bring to the Commission. As the Administration works to revitalize6908the U.S. maritime industry, Ms. DiBella's vision and experience will be6909invaluable in promoting policies that strengthen the U.S.-flag fleet6910and ensure our merchant mariners can continue their essential service6911to the Nation.6912 For these reasons, M.E.B.A. is proud to support the nomination of6913Laura DiBella to the Federal Maritime Commission and urges the6914Committee to move swiftly on her confirmation.6915 Sincerely,6916 Adam Vokac,6917 President,6918 Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association.6919 ______69206921 Florida Harbor Pilots Association6922 Fort Lauderdale, FL, September 9, 202569236924Hon. Ted Cruz,6925United States Senator for Texas,6926Washington, DC.69276928RE: Letter of Recommendation for Laura DiBella for the Federal Maritime6929 Commission69306931Dear Senator Cruz:69326933 It is my honor to recommend Laura DiBella for confirmation to the6934Federal Maritime Commission. With her extensive background in maritime6935policy, industry and marine operations, Laura has very unique6936qualifications and insight which will be invaluable to the Federal6937Maritime Commission's mission.6938 When I served as President of the Florida Harbor Pilots6939Association, I hired Laura as the Executive Director in 2019. Hiring6940Laura was the best decision I made as President, she did an excellent6941job as Executive Director. She learned the harbor pilot's issues and6942became very well respected in a short period of time with the Florida6943Legislatures.6944 In addition, Laura was Florida's first female Secretary of6945Commerce. Furthermore, she served as President of Business Development6946at Florida Commerce, President/CEO at Enterprise Florida, Port Director6947for Fernandina Port Authority, and President of the Florida Opportunity6948Fund.6949 Laura's leadership qualities to inspire, lead, and make a positive6950impact stand out in each position she has held. She is known for her6951integrity, loyalty, and dedication. In my opinion, she will bring the6952same level of professionalism and passion to the Federal Maritime6953Commission, and make a great Commissioner.6954 In conclusion, without reservation, I wholeheartedly endorse Laura6955DiBella for a seat on the Federal Maritime Commission. I am confident6956that her appointment will enhance the Commission's efforts to foster a6957competitive and efficient maritime industry for the United States.6958Respectfully, I thank you for considering her nomination. If you have6959any questions, please do not hesitate to call me.6960 Sincerely,6961 Captain Sam Stephenson, J.D.,6962 President Emeritus,6963 Florida Harbor Pilots Association.6964 ______69656966 UTC Overseas6967 Houston, TX, August 17, 202569686969Hon. Ted Cruz,6970Chairman, U.S. Senate,6971Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.6972Washington, DC.6973Hon. Maria Cantwell,6974Ranking Member, U.S. Senate,6975Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,6976Washington, DC.69776978Subject: Strong Support for Senate Confirmation of Captain Stephen6979 Carmel, nominee to be U.S. Administrator, Maritime6980 Administration (MARAD), U.S. Department of Transportation69816982Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:69836984 On behalf of UTC Overseas, headquartered in your home state of6985Texas, I am writing to express our strong support for the Senate's6986confirmation of Captain Stephen Carmel to be Administrator of MARAD.6987 As background, UTC Overseas was founded in New York in 1926 and6988transferred its worldwide headquarters to Houston. With 50 offices6989around the globe, we have been a leading provider of international6990project logistics and transportation services for nearly a century.6991From our Houston headquarters at 2 North Point Drive, we serve as a6992critical link in America's export supply chain, facilitating the6993movement of U.S. manufactured goods and equipment to infrastructure6994projects worldwide.6995 As a U.S.-headquartered company with deep roots in Texas, UTC6996Overseas is a strong advocate for Cargo Preference requirements and the6997U.S. flag merchant fleet. These policies are essential to maintaining6998America's maritime industrial base and ensuring that American workers6999and American vessels benefit from U.S. government-impelled cargo. Our7000company has assisted many clients of major U.S. OEMs and other U.S.7001manufacturers with U.S. Export-Import Bank transactions, supporting7002billions of dollars in American exports that create and sustain high-7003paying jobs across the maritime, manufacturing, and logistics sectors.7004 Captain Carmel's extensive commercial maritime expertise makes him7005uniquely qualified to lead MARAD during this critical period for7006America's maritime industry. His four decades of experience--from7007achieving his first command of a 40,000-ton tanker at age 26 to serving7008in senior executive roles at Maersk Line Limited--provides the rare7009combination of operational knowledge and business acumen needed to7010execute the Administration's Maritime Action Plan.7011 If confirmed, Captain Carmel would become the first MARAD7012Administrator since 2005 to hold a Master's Unlimited license, bringing7013invaluable hands-on maritime experience to the role. His deep7014understanding of commercial shipping operations, combined with his7015corporate experience managing complex vessel operations, positions him7016perfectly to advance policies that strengthen both our national7017security sealift capability and our commercial maritime7018competitiveness.7019 Texas is home to some of America's most important maritime7020infrastructure, including the ports of Houston, Beaumont, Galveston,7021and Corpus Christi. These facilities, along with the skilled maritime7022workers they employ, are essential to America's role as a global7023trading nation. Strong leadership at MARAD is crucial to ensuring that7024Texas ports and the broader U.S. maritime transportation system remain7025competitive with international rivals, particularly China, which now7026builds 74 percent of the world's ships compared to America's 0.27027percent.7028 Captain Carmel's selection reflects the Administration's wise7029recognition that rebuilding America's maritime industrial base requires7030deep industry experience rather than purely military credentials. His7031experience with the Maritime Security Program and understanding of7032public-private partnerships will be invaluable as MARAD implements new7033initiatives including the Maritime Security Trust Fund and Maritime7034Prosperity Zones.7035 From our perspective as a Houston-based company that depends on7036efficient maritime transportation systems and strong U.S. flag7037policies, we believe Captain Carmel's nomination represents exactly the7038kind of commercial-first leadership approach needed to revitalize7039American maritime competitiveness.7040 We respectfully urge the Committee to move expeditiously on Captain7041Carmel's confirmation so that MARAD can have the experienced leadership7042it needs to execute the Administration's ambitious maritime agenda.7043 Thank you for your consideration of our views and your continued7044leadership on issues vital to Texas and American maritime interests.7045 Sincerely,7046 Marco Poisler,7047 UTC Overseas COO--Global Energy & Capital Projects,7048 UTC Overseas, Inc.70497050cc: Majority Staff: Alexis Rudd7051Minority Staff: Nikky Teutschel7052 ______70537054 Dredging Contractors of America7055 Washington, DC, 09 September 202570567057Hon. Ted Cruz,7058Chairman,7059U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,7060Washington, DC.7061Hon. Maria Cantwell,7062Ranking Member,7063U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,7064Washington, DC.70657066Re: Nomination of Laura DiBella to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner70677068Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking Member Cantwell:70697070 On behalf of the Dredging Contractors of America, I write in strong7071support of President Donald Trump's nomination of Laura DiBella to7072serve as a Federal Maritime Commissioner. We respectfully urge her7073swift confirmation to this critical role.7074 The Dredging Contractors of America represents private-sector7075companies engaged in marine dredging, coastal restoration, harbor7076maintenance, and marine construction for America's navigation channels,7077port authorities, energy terminals, harbors, and U.S. military7078installations nationwide.7079 We know Laura DiBella well. She has been a strong and effective7080voice in the maritime, ports, and commerce sectors. Her distinguished7081service includes leadership as Executive Director of the Florida Harbor7082Pilots Association, Port Director of the Port of Fernandina Ocean7083Highway and Port Authority, and Secretary of Commerce for the State of7084Florida--experiences that uniquely prepare her to serve with7085distinction on the Commission.7086 Ms. DiBella brings proven leadership and crisis management skills,7087coupled with a clear vision for port expansion, infrastructure growth,7088and the dredging and marine construction projects essential to U.S.7089competitiveness. As Executive Director of the Florida Harbor Pilots7090during the COVID-19 pandemic, it's a matter of record that she guided7091the organization through unprecedented challenges, ensuring pilots7092remained employed even as Florida's cruise industry--vital to the7093state's economy--came to a standstill.7094 In closing, Laura DiBella is exceptionally qualified to serve as7095Federal Maritime Commissioner.7096 Her leadership, experience, and commitment to strengthening7097America's maritime sector will be an asset to the Commission and the7098Nation. We urge her prompt confirmation and stand ready to provide any7099additional information the Committee may require.7100 Respectfully,7101 William P. Doyle,7102 Chief Executive Officer,7103 Dredging Contractors of America.7104 ______71057106 Resolve Marine7107 September 19, 202571087109Hon. Ted Cruz,7110Chairman,7111Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,7112Washington, DC.7113Hon. Maria Cantwell,7114Ranking Member,7115Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,7116Washington, DC.71177118Dear Chairman Cruz and Ranking member Cantwell:71197120 It is with great pride and unwavering confidence that I write to7121recommend Laura DiBella for confirmation as a Commissioner of the7122Federal Maritime Commission. As Chief Executive Officer of Resolve7123Marine, a global leader in maritime emergency response and salvage7124operations, I have had the privilege of observing Ms. DiBella's career7125and contributions to the maritime sector with deep respect and7126admiration.7127 Ms. DiBella brings to this nomination a rare blend of strategic7128vision, operational acumen, and public service dedication. Her tenure7129as Florida's first female Secretary of Commerce and her leadership of7130Enterprise Florida demonstrated her ability to navigate complex7131regulatory environments, foster international trade relationships, and7132champion maritime economic development. Her efforts have directly7133supported the growth of port infrastructure,logistics innovation, and7134the advancement of U.S. maritime competitiveness.7135 Throughout her career, Ms. DiBella has exemplified the values of7136integrity, transparency, and collaboration.She has consistently engaged7137stakeholders across government, industry, and community sectors to7138build consensus and deliver results. Her understanding of the maritime7139domain, from port operations to international shipping dynamics,7140positions her uniquely to contribute to the Commission's mission of7141ensuring a fair, efficient, and secure maritime transportation system.7142 In an era where global supply chains face unprecedented challenges,7143the Federal Maritime Commission requires leaders who not only7144understand the intricacies of maritime commerce but who also possess7145the courage and clarity to act decisively. Ms. DiBella is such a7146leader. Her appointment would bring a seasoned, principled, and7147forward-thinking voice to the Commission.7148 I respectfully urge the Committee to confirm Laura DiBella to this7149vital role. Her service will undoubtedly strengthen the Commission's7150work and benefit the maritime industry and the Nation at large.7151 Sincerely,7152 Joseph Edward Farrell III,7153 Chief Executive Officer,7154 Resolve Marine.7155 ______71567157 U.S. Exporters Competitive Maritime Council7158 August 14th, 202571597160Hon. Ted Cruz,7161Chairman,7162U.S. Senate Committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation7163Washington, DC.7164Hon. Maria Cantwell,7165Ranking Member,7166U.S. Senate Committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation7167Washington, DC71687169Subject: Recommendation for Senate Confirmation of Captain Stephen7170 Carmel, nominee to be U.S. Administrator, Maritime7171 Administration (MARAD), U.S. Department of Transportation.71727173Dear Chairman Cruz, and Ranking Member Cantwell:71747175 On behalf of the members of the U.S. EXPORTERS COMPETITIVE MARITIME7176COUNCIL (ECMC), it is our pleasure to support the Senate's confirmation7177of nominee Captain Stephen Carmel to be Administrator of MARAD.7178 As background, the ECMC (ecmc-us.org) was formed in 1997 to7179represent the interests of U.S. exporters who are involved in export/7180import trade, transportation and supply chain management of cargoes7181that are required to support large-scale infrastructure projects7182(Capital Projects). Our member companies (see below) make up a large7183majority of leading U.S. companies responsible for these shipments.7184Please note that Capital Projects have historically supported thousands7185of high paying U.S. manufacturing, engineering, and service jobs. The7186successful execution of these projects, and the ability of our U.S.7187Companies to compete internationally, is highly dependent on an7188efficient U.S. Maritime Transportation System that is well aligned with7189our National Transportation System.7190 Captain Carmel's extensive commercial maritime expertise makes him7191uniquely qualified to provide the leadership to execute the7192Administration and Congressional bi-partisan efforts to rebuild7193America's critical maritime industrial base. If confirmed, Captain7194Carmel would bring a rare combination of operational and executive7195experience at MARAD. As a graduate of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy,7196Captain Carmel would become the first MARAD Administrator since 2005 to7197hold a Master's Unlimited license. He has also held several senior7198level corporate positions within our maritime industry. Captain7199Carmel's extensive commercial background would provides the necessary7200insights to execute the Maritime Action Plan envisioned by the7201Administration's Executive Order and the bi-partisan maritime7202legislation currently under consideration in Congress.7203 Simply put, our country is a Maritime Nation with 43 States out of720450 having at least one seaport capable of facilitating U.S. Exports.7205Sadly, our transportation port and intermodal infrastructure that7206supports our maritime transportation system has fallen behind our7207international competition such as China. Rebuilding our maritime7208industrial base requires strong leadership at MARAD and the ability to7209work with the Secretary and other Senate confirmed Modal Administrators7210at the U.S. Department of Transportation. In view of the above, we urge7211an expedited Senate confirmation of Captain Stephen Carmel to be7212Administrator of MARAD.7213 Sincerely,7214 Jesus Mejias,7215 President,7216 ECMC.72177218cc: ECMC Membership7219Majority Staff: Alexis Rudd7220Minority Staff: Nikky Teutschel72217222MEMBER COMPANIES--alphabetical order72237224Air Products International Trade & Transportion, Inc.7225Amos Logistics KBR7226Babcock Power Kiewit7227Bechtel Corporation Kuehne + Nagel7228Bertling Logistics Linde Engineering America7229Black & Veatch McDermott International7230Crane Worldwide Plug Power7231dbSchenker Powell Electric7232deugro USA Siemens Gamesa7233DHL Global Forwarding Technip Energies7234Drexel Logistics TechnipFMC7235DSV UTC Overseas7236Fluor Vogt Power7237Fracht Worley7238Freeport McMorAn72397240 ______72417242 Washington State House of Representatives7243 October 7th, 202572447245ATTN: The Honorable Ted Cruz and Maria Cantwell,7246U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,7247Washington, DC.72487249Dear Chairman Cruz, Ranking Member Cantwell, and Members of the7250 Committee:72517252 I am honored to strongly recommend Dr. Tim Petty for confirmation7253as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere within the7254U.S. Department of Commerce. Dr. Petty is an accomplished leader whose7255extensive expertise, integrity, and record of service uniquely qualify7256him to guide the Nation's work in advancing our oceans, atmosphere, and7257critical natural resource programs.7258 I had the opportunity to work with Dr. Petty during his tenure as7259Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the U.S. Department of the7260Interior, and subsequently, as Senior Professional Staff Member for the7261House Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. In both roles,7262he demonstrated exceptional skill in navigating complex water and7263infrastructure challenges, fostering bipartisan solutions, and7264advancing policies that directly benefit communities in Washington7265State and across the country. His ability to bridge science, policy,7266and practical implementation is rare, and has earned him the respect of7267colleagues in both the Executive and Legislative branches.7268 A prime example of his leadership was his instrumental role in7269restarting construction on the Columbia Basin Project--the largest7270unfinished reclamation project in the Nation. Recognizing both the7271political sensitivities and the pressing needs of communities deprived7272of reliable water resources, Dr. Petty elevated the issue, provided7273technical guidance, and successfully championed the project within the7274Bureau of Reclamation and later in the House Committee on7275Transportation and Infrastructure. His persistence and vision helped7276move this decades-delayed initiative forward, ensuring progress for7277future generations.7278 Beyond his policy and technical expertise, Dr. Petty is deeply7279respected for his character. He is approachable, thoughtful, and7280committed to listening to stakeholders--from local community leaders to7281Members of Congress. His broad professional network, coupled with his7282specialized knowledge of Federal water, infrastructure, and7283environmental policy, will make him an invaluable leader at the7284Department of Commerce.7285 I strongly recommend Dr. Tim Petty's nomination. I am confident7286that his experience, professionalism, and unwavering dedication to7287public service will bring great value to the Agency and to the American7288people.7289 Thank you for your consideration of this outstanding nominee.7290 Respectfully,7291 Representative Mary Dye7292 Washington State House of Representatives7293 9th Legislative District72947295 Senator Markey. Senators will have until the close of7296business on October 24 to submit questions for the record. The7297nominees will have until the close of business on October 27 to7298respond to the questions which are going to be given to you.7299 That concludes today's hearing, and with that the Committee7300stands adjourned.7301 [Whereupon, at 12:32 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.]73027303 A P P E N D I X73047305 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Ted Cruz to7306 Stephen M. Carmel7307 Question 1. A recent American Affairs article\1\ warns that efforts7308to rebuild America's maritime must ``navigate between the Scylla of7309government coddling and the Charybdis of nonmarket opponents.'' If7310confirmed, how would you revitalize the U.S. merchant marine and7311shipbuilding base through targeted, market-driven measures--while7312avoiding excessive subsidies or preferential treatment for legacy7313contractors?7314---------------------------------------------------------------------------7315 \1\ William Cahill & Jacqueline Deal, A Shining City on the Sea:7316Rebuilding America's Maritime Industry, 9 AM. AFF. 2 (May 2025),7317https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2025/05/a-shining-city-on-the-sea-7318rebuilding-americas-maritime-industry/.7319---------------------------------------------------------------------------7320 Answer. Thank you for the question, I agree that the U.S. maritime7321industry needs to reduce its reliance on direct government support.7322What is needed in its place is indirect support by adjusting national7323policy to include maritime in trade deals to ensure the merchant marine7324carries our Nation's commerce. This requires initial government direct7325support for the transition. However, this support must be time-bound7326and tied to the implementation of the indirect support structure.7327 Global shipping and shipbuilding are industries of scale--scale in7328operations, supply chains, and global reach for comprehensive support.7329 To compete internationally, U.S. companies must achieve this scale.7330MARAD's job is to create the conditions that enable this growth.7331Therefore, we must walk a careful line: encouraging new market entrants7332without discouraging the vital growth necessary to achieve that7333essential scale.73347335 Question 2. Taxpayer support for the maritime industry has at times7336propped up underperforming firms without strengthening U.S. capacity.7337Will you commit, if confirmed, to limiting MARAD assistance to7338performance-based programs that reduce the risk of long-term industry7339dependence? How will you work to accomplish this goal?7340 Answer. I agree that taxpayer support should drive performance, not7341dependency. If confirmed, I'll ensure MARAD funding is tied to7342measurable outcomes--specifically, more ships built here, more mariners7343trained, and stronger commercial competitiveness, focusing on our7344Nation's commerce. This means moving away from open-ended subsidies and7345toward performance-based tools that reward innovation, efficiency, and7346private investment. Every Federal dollar should strengthen national7347capacity, not sustain firms that can't compete.73487349 Question 3. Rigid contracting practices can hinder innovation. How7350will this fact inform your approach to MARAD's role in overseeing ship7351financing, training vessel acquisition, and reserve fleet management?7352 Answer. I share your concern about propping up inefficiency; as a7353member of the maritime industry dealing with these issues, I've often7354been personally frustrated by them. However, the problem isn't just7355poor performance--it's that many of our maritime programs are built on73561950s models that no longer fit the world we operate in. Simply7357tightening contracts on legacy programs like the Ready Reserve Fleet7358won't solve that fundamental issue.7359 If confirmed, I'd push for a system-level rethink across the7360enterprise (MARAD, MSC, TRANSCOM). This involves clarifying what7361capabilities we actually need and then designing modern, performance-7362based tools to deliver them. We must update both what we're doing and7363how we do it.73647365 Question 4. As Maritime Administrator, how will you ensure U.S.7366shipbuilders and carriers remain innovative and globally competitive,7367despite reduced pressure from foreign markets?7368 Answer. That question strikes at the heart of my focus on7369rebuilding U.S. shipbuilding. The only way to make U.S. shipbuilders7370truly innovative and competitive is to rebuild the industry so it's7371once again exposed to international competition. Right now, isolation7372has bred inefficiency. If we can move U.S. shipbuilding down the cost7373curve through modernized yards, scalable production, and smarter demand7374signals, our builders can compete globally. That revitalizes our7375industrial base, attracts private capital, and naturally fixes industry7376problems.7377 Moving U.S. shipbuilding down the cost curve is about restoring7378both industrial competitiveness and national security. Today, our7379shipyards are trapped in low-volume, high-cost cycles that make them7380dependent on government contracts and completely divorced from7381international commercial ship production best practices. The solution7382isn't more protection--it's scale and modernization.7383 We need greenfield yards built around advanced modular7384construction, digital engineering, and automation. These must be7385supported by steady commercial demand so firms can plan long-term7386investments. When that happens, per-unit costs drop dramatically,7387private capital returns to the sector, and U.S. builders can compete7388internationally. That revitalizes the broader industrial base--steel,7389components, logistics--while giving us a more resilient sealift and7390naval support foundation. In the process, a healthy, competitive7391shipbuilding ecosystem naturally narrows the Jones Act freight-rate7392wedge by bringing down transport costs. The economic and security7393benefits move in the same direction.7394 ______73957396 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to7397 Stephen M. Carmel7398U.S. Merchant Marine Academy7399 Background: The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy's (USMMA) facilities7400lag behind the other service academies. Many of the buildings date back7401to the 1940s and are unable to meet the needs of current and future7402midshipmen. Given these conditions and the lack of significant7403investment in campus infrastructure for decades, it is critical that7404the Maritime Administration and Academy leadership implement their7405Campus Modernization Plan expediently to rehabilitate and modernize the7406campus.74077408 Question 1. The conditions of the Merchant Marine Academy's7409facilities fall below the other service academies. Many of the7410buildings exhibit crumbling concrete, leaking pipes, mold, and7411inadequate heating and air conditioning for the Midshipmen.74127413 Question 2. Wouldn't you agree that the state of the campus makes7414it hard to recruit top talent for this prestigious service academy?7415 Answer. Yes, I completely agree, and I thank Secretary Duffy for7416his continued commitment and leadership to supporting the Merchant7417Marine Academy. Secretary Duffy has made it a top priority to7418expediently implement a modernization plan to rehabilitate the campus's7419infrastructure. Modernizing the facilities is essential for recruiting,7420as a state-of-the-art campus signals an investment in the midshipmen's7421future and provides the technological environment needed for a 21st-7422century maritime education. By offering competitive, high-quality7423living and training spaces, the Academy can attract and retain the7424Nation's brightest future leaders.74257426 Question 3. If confirmed, will you commit to working with the7427Department of Transportation to implement the Campus Modernization7428Plan?7429 Answer. Yes, I look forward, if confirmed, to working with this7430committee and all stakeholders to implement the plan and fix Kings7431Point.7432Maritime Security Program/Tanker Security Program7433 Background: The Maritime Security Program is a vital component of7434our military strategic sealift and global response capability. It is7435designed to ensure that the United States has a U.S. flag commercial7436sealift capability and trained U.S. citizen merchant mariners available7437in times of war or national emergencies. The Tanker Security Program7438(TSP) ensures that a core fleet of U.S.-based product tankers can7439operate competitively in international trade and enhance U.S. supply7440chain resiliency for liquid fuel products. The TSP will provide the7441Department of Defense with assured access to 10 U.S.-registered product7442tank vessels that may be used to supply the armed forces with fuel7443during times of armed conflict or national emergency.74447445 Question 1. The Tanker Security Program and Maritime Security7446Program play a key role in maintaining our sealift capability and7447supporting the U.S.-flag fleet. From your perspective, does the7448Department of Defense provide enough cargo to keep the Tanker Security7449Program commercially viable? How would you manage or expand preference7450cargoes to strengthen participation?7451 Answer. If I am confirmed, I look forward to working with DOW on7452this important issue and getting read up on the specifics. Interagency7453collaboration is imperative and I look forward to working with your7454office on this issue.7455 ______74567457 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to7458 Stephen M. Carmel7459Port Infrastructure Development Program and Visit Alaska7460 Alaska's unique geography and lack of transportation infrastructure7461means that my constituents rely on maritime transportation as a7462lifeline.7463 Alaska has 33,904 miles of shoreline, dwarfing the entire Lower 48.7464A majority of Alaskan communities are dependent on barge deliveries for7465food, building materials, and everyday household goods necessary to7466support life in the 21st Century. In many parts of the state, these7467deliveries occur only two or three times per year. However, even today,7468many of our communities lack reliable marine access.7469 One of the biggest infrastructure gaps in the State of Alaska, in7470terms of lack of support for Federal support mechanisms, is the lack of7471a waterfront program to support our rural communities.7472 Through previous efforts with the Commerce Committee and the7473Infrastructure bill, we have made significant progress in supporting7474these communities and projects through the MARAD Port Infrastructure7475Development program.74767477 Question 1. Will you commit to strong support for the Port7478Infrastructure Development program?7479 Answer. If confirmed, I can commit to working with your office to7480continue to follow the law, as passed by Congress.74817482 Question 2. Will you commit to ensure that Alaska's port and harbor7483projects are evaluated based on their strategic and community7484importance?7485 Answer. If confirmed, I commit to evaluating projects based on7486their merit and look forward to working directly with your office to7487understand Alaska's port and harbor priorities.74887489 Question 3. Will you support efforts to ensure that MARAD adopts7490permit streamlining practices to avoid duplicative environmental7491reviews that delay critical maritime infrastructure projects?7492 Answer. If confirmed, I commit to working to ensure timely reviews7493of maritime infrastructure projects wherever possible.7494Port of Alaska Modernization Program (PAMP)--Project Background and7495 Status Background7496 The Port of Alaska handles nearly half of all cargo entering the7497state and is a designated Defense Strategic Port, making it essential7498for both civilian supply chains and national security. Aging7499infrastructure--over 50 years old--is at risk of catastrophic failure,7500especially in the event of a major earthquake. The docks are heavily7501corroded and beyond their design life.7502 The Port of Alaska Modernization Program (PAMP) is a five-phase7503reconstruction effort focused on replacing, not expanding,7504infrastructure to ensure long-term resilience and efficiency.7505Modernization will strengthen seismic resilience, accommodate larger,7506deeper-draft vessels, and bring facilities up to current codes and7507standards--all while supporting Alaska's economy and military7508readiness.7509 Timely Federal action is critical. MARAD's support in streamlining7510reviews, accelerating permitting, and facilitating funding will be key7511to keeping this lifeline operational for decades to come. Delays risk7512severe consequences for Alaska's supply chain and national defense7513capacity. This is not just a state issue--it's a strategic national7514priority.75157516 Question 1. Given MARAD's central role in reviewing and funding7517port infrastructure projects, would you ensure the Port of Alaska7518Modernization Program stays on schedule and receives the Federal7519priority it deserves, considering the risks to both Alaska's supply7520chain and national defense readiness if this project is delayed?7521 Answer. I commit to working with you and your office to ensure that7522programs such as the Port of Alaska modernization program are executed7523in a timely and efficient manner.7524University of Alaska--Centers of Excellence for Domestic Maritime7525 Workforce Training and Education7526 As part of the FY2023 MARAD Authorization (that became law via FY237527NDAA) I worked to authorize the Maritime Administration to designate7528eligible organizations as centers of excellence for domestic maritime7529workforce training and education, and authorized funding to support7530maritime workforce development activities at designated centers of7531excellence.7532 While I'm pleased that the Maritime Administration has taken the7533steps to designate centers, including the Alaska Maritime Education7534Consortium, there has been no funding to ultimately address maritime7535workforce challenges.75367537 Question 1. Will you commit to working to see that appropriate7538funding is requested in the President's Budget so the United States can7539increase its efforts to train the next generation of maritime7540professionals?7541 Answer. I can commit to working with your office to continue to7542follow the law, as passed by Congress.7543Missile Defense Agency Vessel Recapitalization7544 Given the immediate national security and operational risks posed7545by the impending decommissioning of the Missile Defense Agency's7546telemetry ships, I urge MARAD to act swiftly under its existing7547contractual authorities and issue the necessary Task Orders/Delivery7548Orders under the current Vessel Construction Manager contract. While I7549understand the process is underway, the timeline remains extremely7550tight.7551 Question 1. Will you commit upon confirmation to issue the TO/DOs7552to initiate vessel design? If any administrative or procedural barriers7553remain, please identify those issues along with a corrective action7554plan and timeline that aligns with Congress's intent for immediate7555recapitalization.7556 Answer. I can commit to working with your office to continue to7557follow the law, as passed by Congress.7558Wrangell RAISE Grant Coordination7559 The City and Borough of Wrangell have been working closely with the7560U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and MARAD on a project of high7561importance to my state--specifically, the replacement of deteriorating7562float infrastructure in Wrangell Harbor, which is linked to long-7563standing dredging needs in the federally authorized navigation basin.7564 It has been reported to my office that while NEPA concerns for the7565float replacement portion have been addressed through coordination with7566the USACE Regulatory Division and the Borough, NEPA requirements7567associated with the USACE-led dredging effort remain unresolved. I7568understand that MARAD is serving as the lead Federal agency for NEPA on7569this project and is conducting an Environmental Assessment (EA) rather7570than an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), which should allow for a7571more streamlined process.7572 The current holdup, as conveyed to me, is that USACE has yet to7573submit a required sampling work plan for review under MARAD's pre-NEPA7574process. Until this work plan is approved, in-water sediment sampling7575cannot occur--delaying essential technical and environmental analyses.7576MARAD reportedly provided guidance for this work plan as early as May75772025, but USACE has cited staffing shortages and operational delays as7578the reason for their lack of progress.7579 Because the dredging and float replacement are interdependent7580efforts, and because the Borough cannot finalize its RAISE grant7581agreement with MARAD until NEPA is completed for both, this delay7582threatens to stall a key infrastructure project in my state. I7583understand that once the USACE work plan is received, MARAD's internal7584review could move quickly. I appreciate MARAD's responsiveness on that7585front.7586 In light of these circumstances, I respectfully urge MARAD to7587prioritize this project and take all possible steps to expedite its7588part in the NEPA process once the necessary materials are provided by7589USACE. This project is important to the local economy, to maritime7590safety, and to honoring the commitments made under the RAISE program.75917592 Question 1. Once confirmed, will you commit to this project and7593your coordination with the Borough and USACE?7594 Answer. If I receive the honor of confirmation, I can commit to7595working to understanding the specifics of MARADs role in this project7596and to expeditiously review the issue.7597 ______75987599 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to7600 Stephen M. Carmel7601 Shipbuilding. There is bipartisan agreement that it is critical we7602increase American-built and American-crewed ships to support our7603economy, increase international trade, and strengthen our national7604security. This includes investments in shipyard and port7605infrastructure, expanding financial tools needed to incentivize7606shipbuilding and shipyard modernization, and investing in our maritime7607workforce.76087609 Question 1. Please describe your plan to invest in port7610infrastructure and increase U.S. shipbuilding capacity.7611 Answer. I fully agree that rebuilding our shipbuilding ecosystem is7612critical--not only for national security, but also for addressing7613broader economic issues such as freight rate wedges and supply chain7614resilience.7615 I plan to attract private capital and gradually reduce the need for7616government involvement with the ultimate objective of reestablishing7617shipbuilding as a self-sustaining, commercially competitive industry.7618By restoring competitiveness and scale in the private sector, we can7619both strengthen our industrial base and ensure that the maritime and7620logistics sectors contribute fully to U.S. economic and national7621security objectives.76227623 Question 2. How do you plan to use programs like the Title XI loan7624guarantee program or new financing mechanisms to spur commercial7625shipbuilding in the United States?7626 Answer. A critical component of rebuilding our shipbuilding7627ecosystem is fixing the financing side of the equation. The current7628Title XI program is inadequate to the task--it doesn't provide true7629construction financing or refund guarantees, both of which are7630essential to support modern shipbuilding at competitive cost and risk7631levels. There are several adjustments to the Title XI program that can7632address these shortcomings and aligns financing mechanisms with the7633broader goal of moving U.S. shipbuilding down the cost curve and7634attracting private capital participation.76357636 Question 3. Do you commit to working with Congress on legislation7637to grow the U.S. shipbuilding capacity and the maritime industrial7638base?7639 Answer. If confirmed, I commit to working with Congress on7640implementing any legislation it passes effectively and efficiently.76417642 Mariner Workforce. A key aspect of the Maritime Administration's7643(MARAD) mission is to train and educate our next generation of U.S.7644mariners. However, the United States has a serious shortage of7645credentialed mariners, and in 2024, both the USTRANSCOM Commander and7646the former MARAD Administrator testified regarding their concerns about7647the mariner shortage.76487649 Question 1. What specific steps will you take to address our7650Nation's shortage of mariners?7651 Answer. The mariner shortage we're seeing isn't simply about7652headcount--it's a structural problem. A major factor is the Ready7653Reserve Force (RRF) model, which depends on sudden surges in manpower.7654When RRF activation stresses the labor pool, it shows the system is7655unbalanced: if we can surge the RRF, we have too many mariners for7656normal operations; if we can't, the model isn't sustainable.7657 To fix this, I'd start by working closely with our union partners7658to realign how we develop and sustain the workforce. We must build7659mariner employment in tandem with new ship construction and operations,7660so people have steady jobs, not just surge demand. This means7661integrating workforce planning with programs like fleet7662recapitalization and sealift renewal.7663 We also need to modernize mariner training and credentialing--for7664example, expanding simulation-based training, easing transitions for7665military and offshore energy mariners into deep-sea service, and7666strengthening the pipeline through the state maritime academies.7667Lastly, we need to work closely with the USCG to bring the mariner7668credentialing system into the 21st century, a frustration I hear often7669from our mariners.7670 If we get those structural and workforce elements right, we won't7671just patch a temporary shortage--we'll rebuild a strong, steady U.S.7672mariner base that supports both national security and commercial7673competitiveness.76747675 Question 2. What are your plans to improve the conditions at the7676U.S. Merchant Marine Academy to include aging infrastructure and7677outdated curriculum?7678 Answer. There are already important programs underway to address7679this issue, including the campus modernization plan, which I am fully7680committed to supporting. Once confirmed, my first step will be to7681conduct a detailed review of what MARAD is currently doing or planning7682in this area, ensuring that ongoing efforts are effective and properly7683aligned with our broader mission. The Committee will be informed as we7684work collaboratively to identify any gaps or needed improvements.7685 As an Academy alumnus, I am deeply concerned about the state of our7686maritime education system. I am committed to working aggressively--in7687partnership with Congress and all stakeholders--to ensure these7688programs deliver the modern facilities, training, and support our7689future mariners deserve.76907691 Sexual Misconduct. When a USMMA cadet, known as Midshipman-X, came7692forward in 2021 alleging she was raped on a Maersk ship, I wrote to7693MARAD. We went on to include specific provisions in the 2023 NDAA to7694prevent sexual assault and sexual harassment while at sea. Sexual7695misconduct is a crime, and we have to protect both our current and7696future mariners.76977698 Question 1. Will you prioritize mitigating sexual misconduct in the7699maritime industry if confirmed as MARAD Administrator?7700 Answer. My time as a ship's captain, where I sailed with female7701crew members, provided me with direct, practical experience in managing7702crew welfare, particularly concerning safety and professional conduct.7703This experience gave me firsthand insight into the specific logistical7704and cultural adjustments necessary to ensure a safe, respectful, and7705fully compliant working environment for all personnel. This includes7706implementing and strictly enforcing policies to prevent and promptly7707address sexual misconduct and harassment.7708 This isn't just a policy issue; it's about culture. Every mariner7709deserves to know they'll be safe and respected at sea, and I'll make7710that a top priority. As I said at my hearing, this is a simple issue at7711its core: treating each other with respect and not tolerating those who7712don't.77137714 Question 2. During your staff interview, you said you were not7715personally involved in Maersk's handling of the matter involving7716Midshipman-X or a subsequent matter involving Midshipman-Y. Is that7717correct?7718 Answer. Yes. By the time this occurred, the internal division7719within MLL had already taken place, and I was running the USMMI7720business unit, not directly involved in ``Blue Fleet'' operations.77217722 Question 3. Have you ever discouraged Maersk, or any other entity7723with which you were employed, from reporting an allegation of sexual7724harassment or assault under 46 U.S.C. Sec. 10104?7725 Answer. No.77267727 Question 4. What specific measures would you put into place to7728mitigate sexual misconduct throughout the maritime industry if7729confirmed?7730 Answer. This is an issue I take very seriously. As a Master, I've7731sailed with mixed crews, including female officers and mariners, and I7732know firsthand that safety and respect must be built into the ship's7733culture from day one.7734 If confirmed, I'd bring that same culture to MARAD--ensuring strong7735reporting systems, real accountability, and consistent enforcement7736across the industry. I'd also work closely with unions, the Coast7737Guard, academies, and operators to share best practices and strengthen7738prevention training.7739 This isn't just a policy issue; it's about culture. Every mariner7740deserves to know they'll be safe and respected at sea, and I'll make7741that a top priority. As I said at my hearing, this is a simple issue at7742its core: treating each other with respect and not tolerating those who7743don't.77447745 Question 5. At the hearing, you said Kings Point has a ``long way7746to go'' in terms of dealing with sexual misconduct. Please elaborate on7747this testimony, including by explaining why you believe this and what7748specific actions you will pursue at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy to7749protect our future mariners if confirmed.7750 Answer. Thank you for the question and the opportunity to expand on7751my initial answer. When I said Kings Point has a long way to go, I was7752referring to all aspects of its operations, not just issues related to7753SASH (Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment). My direct experience with7754the Academy is somewhat dated, so if confirmed, I intend to take a7755fresh, detailed look at the current situation before drawing firm7756conclusions.77577758 Question 6. Were you aware of any instances of sexual harassment or7759sexual assault at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy while serving on the7760Board of Directors that you believe were not properly reported or7761investigated? If so, please detail these matters.7762 Answer. I am not aware of any such instances.77637764 Tariffs. In 2022, you gave a speech stating that ``every firm in7765every country in the supply chain'' feels the pain of tariffs, and that7766politicians ``enacting tariffs actually have no idea who and where they7767are causing pain.''77687769 Question 1. If confirmed, how do you intend to use your role as7770MARAD Administrator to help address the ``pain'' from the current7771tariffs?7772 Answer. The MARAD Administrator does not hold the primary authority7773to set or impose tariffs; this power rests mainly with the President7774(via the USTR) and Congress MARAD's role is not tariff setting and is7775not a primary function of the role of which I am nominated for.77767777 Surface Transportation Reauthorization. The Bipartisan7778Infrastructure Law provided $2.25 billion for the Port Infrastructure7779Development Grant Program, among other investments. The Surface7780Transportation Reauthorization bill would be an excellent opportunity7781to secure funding and provisions to support the industry.77827783 Question 1. Do you think maritime issues should be part of the next7784Surface Transportation Reauthorization?7785 Answer. If confirmed, I look forward to working proactively with7786your office on priorities pertinent to MARAD, at any point and under7787the direction of Congress.77887789 Food Aid. Food aid is one of the largest sources of cargo7790guaranteed to U.S. flag ships, and the Administration's dismantling of7791USAID has had major implications on the fleet. In Fiscal Year 2024, the7792USAID's Title II Food for Peace program ordered about 606,301 metric7793tons of food aid, and as of July 29 of Fiscal Year 2025, only 259,0007794metric tons have been ordered.77957796 Question 1. How does the cancellation of food aid impact the U.S.7797Merchant Marine, and do you have solutions?7798 Answer. The rebuilding of our maritime enterprise must be rooted in7799carrying the Nation's commerce. A strong U.S. Merchant Marine must once7800again be central to how America moves its goods, competes globally, and7801secures its supply chains.7802 That commitment is essential to our economic strength and directly7803supports MARAD's mission. It is also the only viable path to developing7804the cargo base we need, at the scale required to accomplish the overall7805goal of revitalizing and rebuilding the domestic U.S. maritime industry7806and workforce.78077808 Question 2. What are the consequences of the fleet not having7809enough cargo?7810 Answer. Maritime shipping is a business, and the movement of cargo7811is our service. As in any business, when demand for our services drops,7812the business becomes unviable and fails. This is also true for the7813industry writ large: it will fail or become wholly dependent on7814government support.78157816 Port Infrastructure Development Program. In August 2025, MARAD7817withdrew six projects and terminated five projects within its Port7818Infrastructure Development Program (PIDP), resulting in a total7819retraction of $177 million and approximately $75 million in Federal7820funding, respectively.78217822 Question 1. Do you support the Port Infrastructure Development7823Program?7824 Answer. If confirmed, I can commit to working with your office to7825continue to follow the law, as passed by Congress.78267827 Question 2. Regardless of your current familiarity with PIDP, will7828you commit to protecting the grants in this program from politicized7829termination?7830 Answer. I am committed to ensuring that every dollar provided under7831the PIDP is awarded and administered based on merit, transparency, and7832statutory criteria. My focus will be on maintaining the program's7833integrity and ensuring that projects are selected and executed to7834deliver the maximum public benefit consistent with law and7835Administration priorities.78367837 Logging System. The United States lacks a modern cargo tracking7838system that could help the maritime industry address supply chain7839issues.78407841 Question 1. How could the United States implement a modern logging7842system for maritime cargo?7843 Answer. I fully agree that developing a modern, integrated cargo7844visibility system is a critical national priority.7845 At present, U.S. ports and supply chain nodes operate largely as7846islands of information, without a unified national operating picture of7847cargo movement. This severely limits our ability to anticipate and7848respond to disruptions, optimize logistics performance, and protect7849against data-driven vulnerabilities.7850 This urgency is underscored by competitors like China. Its Logink7851system provides real-time access to global trade flow data and is7852utilized at ports they operate globally, giving them significant7853leverage in understanding--and potentially influencing--supply chain7854dynamics. The United States lacks a comparable system, and that gap7855poses both economic and security risks.7856 The solution is not necessarily new data collection, but7857integration. We must create a secure, interoperable, and trusted data7858architecture that connects existing information from ports, carriers,7859terminals, and Federal systems.7860 Such a framework would dramatically improve supply chain7861transparency, resilience, and cybersecurity while securely protecting7862proprietary and national security-sensitive data.7863 MARAD can play a key convening and technical role in this effort.7864Its functions should include aligning standards, engaging stakeholders7865across the public and private sectors, and ensuring the resulting7866system supports both commercial competitiveness and national security7867objectives consistent with Administration priorities.78687869 Trade Agreements. International trade agreements offer an7870opportunity to negotiate and secure cargo on U.S. flag vessels, and7871consulting MARAD during this process would be advantageous for the U.S.7872maritime industry.78737874 Question 1. What do you think are the potential opportunities7875surrounding maritime cargo in international trade negotiations to7876support the U.S. maritime industry?7877 Answer. I completely agree--the rebuilding of our maritime7878enterprise must be rooted in carrying the Nation's commerce. A strong7879U.S. Merchant Marine must once again be central to how America moves7880its goods, competes globally, and secures its supply chains.7881 That commitment is essential to our economic strength and directly7882supports MARAD's mission. It is also the only viable path to developing7883the cargo base we need, at the scale required to accomplish the vision7884set forth by President Trump in his Restoring America's Maritime7885Dominance Executive Order.7886 ______78877888 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Edward Markey to7889 Stephen M. Carmel7890 Question 1. I authored the No Spills Act to strengthen the review7891process that the Maritime Administration uses to approve offshore7892fossil fuel terminals and increase penalties on corporations whose7893operations result in oil spills. Do you believe it is important to take7894public opinion into account when considering license applications for7895new offshore export terminals?78967897 A. Do you believe the maintenance of a healthy environment is in7898our national interest?7899 Answer. Public input is an essential part of the review process for7900offshore terminal projects. The Maritime Administration's licensing7901process under the Deepwater Port Act is designed to be transparent and7902inclusive, ensuring that local communities, environmental stakeholders,7903and industry all have a voice. That public participation strengthens7904the legitimacy and quality of our decisions.7905 As Administrator, my commitment would be to ensure that every7906application is reviewed rigorously, based on science, safety, and law--7907and that the process reflects both environmental responsibility and the7908national interest in a secure, efficient energy and trade system.79097910 Question 2. As a former tanker captain, you're well aware that fuel7911efficiency is a key to profitability. Do you support the Maritime7912Environmental and Technical Assistance program, which helps shipping7913companies cut fuel costs and compete in the global economy?79147915 A. Would you protect this program from funding cuts or7916politicization?7917 Answer. As a former tanker captain and shipping executive, I know7918fuel efficiency is central to profitability and competitiveness. If7919confirmed, I commit to awarding and administering programs based on7920merit, transparency, and statutory criteria. My focus will be on7921maintaining the program's integrity and ensuring that projects are7922selected and executed to deliver the maximum public benefit consistent7923with law and Administration priorities.79247925 Question 3. Greener ships are the worldwide trend, and many nations7926are looking to adopt standards for ships they will allow to dock at7927their ports. As we look to expand the number of American-flagged ships7928carrying goods, do you agree that lower-emission ships will be a7929necessary part of that mission?7930 Answer. MARAD's job is to enable our U.S. carriers through7931providing tools and technical support to stay competitive in global7932trade. If confirmed, I will work to that end.7933 ______79347935 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Baldwin to7936 Stephen M. Carmel7937 Question 1. As Maritime Administrator, you would be charged with7938administering the Small Shipyard Grant Program, which provides crucial7939support for a key component of America's maritime industrial base.7940Small shipyards are often the lifeblood of coastal communities,7941supporting commercial fishing fleets, tugs and barges, ferries, dredges7942and government ships like Coast Guard cutters, firefighting and law7943enforcement boats. Will you commit to including adequate resources for7944the Small Shipyard Grant Program in your future budget requests?7945 Answer. If confirmed, I will commit to award and administer7946programs under MARAD's purview based on merit, transparency, and7947statutory criteria.79487949 Question 2. In September 2023, the Department of Transportation7950published a waiver of Buy America requirements for de minimis costs and7951small grants. Despite the Department's waiver, will you commit to7952requiring all Small Shipyard Grant recipients, even those awarded less7953than $500,000 in Small Shipyard Grant funds, to comply with the7954domestic preference requirements for their projects?7955 Answer. If confirmed, I look forward to working with your office on7956this issue and commit to furthering my understanding of this particular7957matter.79587959 Question 3. MARAD is tasked with fostering, promoting and7960developing the maritime industry of the United States to meet the7961Nation's economic and security needs. This includes efforts to support7962commercial shipbuilding in the United States, including through the7963Title XI Loan Guarantee Program, Small Shipyard Grant Program, and Port7964Infrastructure Development Program. In a time where it is increasingly7965obvious that the United States must strengthen our commercial7966shipbuilding industry, what will you do as Maritime Administrator to7967ensure our Nation can surge this capacity?7968 Answer. I agree that strengthening our commercial shipbuilding7969industry is essential to both our economic and national security.7970 The reality is this capability cannot be ``surged'' in a crisis.7971Shipbuilding capacity, workforce skills, and supplier networks must be7972built and sustained consistently over time. If we want that capability7973in an emergency, we must foster and develop it in peacetime.7974 As Maritime Administrator, should I be given the honor of7975confirmation, my focus would be on creating the conditions for that7976long-term stability. I would use tools like a reimagined and7977strengthened Title XI Program--representing construction financing, not7978just loan guarantees--the Small Shipyard Grant Program, and the Port7979Infrastructure Development Program to rebuild capacity across the7980industrial base.7981 That means helping U.S. yards move down the cost curve, invest in7982modern technology, and compete in international markets so that steady7983commercial work sustains them between defense cycles.7984 Rebuilding this capacity isn't just about production; it's about7985restoring a maritime ecosystem: shipyards, suppliers, mariners, and7986carriers all working together. That is how we will ensure the United7987States can respond when needed--not by surging from a cold start, but7988by maintaining a living, capable industry every day.79897990 Question 4. In the 2023 Port Infrastructure Development Program7991(PIDP) award cycle, DOT announced $653 million to 41 ports, of which7992only two Great Lakes ports received grants. Ports in the Great Lakes7993region only received two percent of the distributed funds. I am7994concerned that applicants from the Great Lakes are not being fairly7995considered for PIDP awards, despite the critical need for investment.7996Do you commit to considering regional distribution of PIDP funds when7997awarding grants?7998 Answer. If confirmed, I will commit to award and administer7999programs under MARADs purview based on merit, transparency, and8000statutory criteria.8001 ______80028003 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to8004 Stephen M. Carmel8005Auxiliary Shipbuilding8006 TRANSCOM's number one unfunded priority for Fiscal Year 2026 was8007sealift capacity, both into a theater as well as within a theater, and8008the Maritime Administration (MARAD) has a huge role to play in enabling8009the military in a wartime scenario.80108011 Question 1. Please provide your assessment of the current capacity8012of the United States Government to enable commercial or military8013shipyards in the United States to surge production of lift/auxiliary8014vessels in a wartime scenario to maintain fleet capacity necessary to8015support the military's needs?8016 Answer. My assessment is straightforward: the United States today8017does not have the near-term ability to ``surge'' large-scale commercial8018or military shipbuilding and repair from a cold start to meet wartime8019lift/auxiliary needs. True surge capacity must be resident in the force8020in peacetime--yards, suppliers, skilled crews, material pipelines, and8021contract mechanisms--and much of that ecosystem is currently thin or in8022need of rebuilding. You cannot surge what you have not sustained. There8023are many reasons for this conclusion, but key reasons are:80248025 Industrial base shrinkage--there are relatively few U.S.8026 shipyards with the scale, military-spec experience, and modern8027 production facilities needed for rapid, high-volume output of8028 lift/auxiliary vessels.80298030 Workforce shortfalls--skilled shipbuilders, naval8031 architects, welders, and supervisors are limited; training and8032 apprenticeship pipelines are inadequate for a fast expansion.80338034 Fragile supplier chain--many critical components (engines,8035 generators, specialist steel, reduction gears, certain8036 electronics) have long lead times and limited domestic8037 producers.80388039 Production rhythm--shipbuilding depends on steady workloads;8040 yards cut costs and maintain capacity by doing continuous8041 commercial and defense work, not by waiting for crises.80428043 Question 2. Many of the United States' partners have strong8044domestic industries dedicated to commercial shipbuilding and building8045of specialized auxiliary vessels, such as cable-laying or cable-repair8046ships or landing craft utility vessels.8047 If confirmed to be MARAD Administrator, would you support greater8048co-production and co-sustainment of auxiliaries with allies and8049partners to expand capacity and reduce risk--and what barriers exist to8050achieving this goal?8051 Answer. If confirmed, I would support actively working through8052these barriers--aligning standards, identifying pilot opportunities,8053and ensuring that cooperation with allies complements our national8054industrial goals. The objective is not to replace U.S. capability, but8055to expand and reinforce it through trusted partnerships.8056 I strongly support the idea of greater co-production and co-8057sustainment of auxiliary vessels with our allies and partners. This is8058a strategic way to expand capacity, reduce risk, and strengthen the8059resilience of our collective maritime industrial base.80608061 Question 3. If confirmed to be MARAD Administrator, what is your8062plan to address the aging fleet and address significant maintenance8063issues plaguing the fleet?8064 Answer. I plan to attract private capital and gradually reduce the8065need for government involvement with the ultimate objective of8066reestablishing shipbuilding as a self-sustaining, commercially8067competitive industry. By restoring competitiveness and scale in the8068private sector, we can both strengthen our industrial base and ensure8069that the maritime and logistics sectors contribute fully to U.S.8070economic and national security objectives.80718072 Question 4. What is your assessment of the Vessel Construction8073Manager program, and if confirmed to be MARAD Administrator, will you8074expand this program?8075 Answer. My assessment is that the Vessel Construction Manager (VCM)8076program has been a clear success. It has improved cost control,8077schedule discipline, and technical oversight in complex shipbuilding8078projects. Its strong reputation has led other agencies, including the8079Army and NAVSEA, to explore similar models.8080 Expanding the VCM, however, is not something MARAD can do8081unilaterally, since most applicable ship construction programs8082originate outside of our agency. That said, we can absolutely play a8083key assistance role: sharing best practices, supporting other agencies8084that want to adopt the model, and using the VCM ourselves whenever it8085is appropriate and within our authority.8086Grants8087 The Port Infrastructure Grant Program is crucial to keeping the8088important flow of commerce moving smoothly through the maritime8089environment.8090 In 2024, Illinois received $82M in much needed funding to address8091infrastructure projects. However, in prior years, the Great Lakes8092community received a disproportionality small share of Port8093Infrastructure Grant Program funds that amounted to less than 3 percent8094of the total funding amount.80958096 Question 1. If confirmed to be Administrator, will you commit to8097building on this progress to make sure Port Infrastructure Grant8098Program funds are effectively distributed to Illinois projects and8099other non-coastal communities?8100 Answer. I agree that ports in Illinois and across the Great Lakes8101are essential to our national economy. They move the raw materials and8102finished goods that keep American industry running, so continued8103investment there is critical. If confirmed, I look forward to working8104with your office on this issue and commit to furthering my8105understanding of this particular matter.81068107 Question 2. If confirmed, will you commit to disbursing all grant8108funding that has been awarded to Illinois in full and without undue8109delay, while opposing any efforts by the Office of Management and8110Budget or other entities to improperly abuse grant program disbursement8111to reward or punish perceived political allies or enemies?8112 Answer. If confirmed, I commit to awarding and administering8113programs based on merit, transparency, and statutory criteria. My focus8114will be on maintaining the program's integrity and ensuring that8115projects are selected and executed to deliver the maximum public8116benefit consistent with law and Administration priorities.8117Federal Elections8118 Question 1. Setting aside the Congressional count and8119certification, do you believe President Donald Trump received more8120votes than Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 U.S. presidential8121election?8122 Answer. Senator, with great respect, I do not believe it would be8123appropriate for me to offer any personal views or opinions on electoral8124matters.8125 My responsibility as Maritime Administrator, if confirmed, would be8126to carry out the duties of the office with integrity, impartiality, and8127full respect for the law and for all those elected to serve.8128 Personal political opinions have no bearing on that responsibility.8129I will ensure, for my part, that I conduct myself in a way that8130reflects the nonpartisan trust placed in this position at all times.81318132 Question 2. Setting aside the official Congressional count and8133certification, do you believe President Joe Biden received more votes8134than President Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election?8135 Answer. Senator, with great respect, I do not believe it would be8136appropriate for me to offer any personal views or opinions on electoral8137matters.8138 My responsibility as Maritime Administrator, if confirmed, would be8139to carry out the duties of the office with integrity, impartiality, and8140full respect for the law and for all those elected to serve.8141 Personal political opinions have no bearing on that responsibility.8142I will ensure, for my part, that I conduct myself in a way that8143reflects the nonpartisan trust placed in this position at all times.8144 ______81458146 Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to8147 Laura DiBella8148Federal Maritime Commission Investigation Into Transit Constraints at8149 International Maritime Chokepoints8150 Background: On March 14th of this year, The U.S. Federal Maritime8151Commission (FMC) noticed an investigation into global maritime8152chokepoints, including Russia's Northern Sea Route (NSR), reflecting8153its growing significance in international shipping.8154 As Arctic sea ice diminishes, the NSR offers a shorter and more8155fuel-efficient route between Europe and Asia, presenting potential8156commercial and strategic opportunities for U.S. maritime interests. The8157opening of the NSR has generated governance disputes. Russia asserts8158control over the route and imposes fees on transiting vessels, while8159other nations advocate for freedom of navigation and international8160access.8161 The NSR's strategic importance is underscored by increased Russian8162and Chinese military activities, including joint Arctic patrols,8163construction of new bases, and expansion of icebreaker fleets. These8164developments reflect the route's relevance to nuclear deterrence,8165missile defense, and broader Arctic security. The FMC's investigation,8166which also examines chokepoints such as the Suez and Panama Canals,8167highlighting heightened U.S. interest in Arctic maritime policy and8168security.8169 FMC oversight and policy decisions regarding the NSR will have8170implications for Alaska's ports, Arctic shipping supply chains, and8171national defense readiness. Understanding the commercial, legal, and8172strategic dynamics of the NSR is essential to ensure that U.S. maritime8173infrastructure and Arctic operations are both competitive and secure,8174while maintaining compliance with international maritime law.81758176 Question 1. (Focused on Arctic Access): Given the growing8177accessibility of Arctic waters, how would you, as an FMC Commissioner,8178ensure that U.S. maritime policy protects Alaska's ports and Arctic8179supply chains--while balancing international navigation rights,8180national security interests, and the commercial opportunities presented8181by new Arctic shipping routes?8182 Answer. If I am confirmed as an FMC Commissioner, I will ensure a8183competitive and reliable international ocean transportation system that8184supports the U.S. economy, protects Alaskan interests, and aligns with8185broader national security and international policy objectives. Ways in8186which I would go about this would involve leveraging the FMC's economic8187regulatory authority, closely monitoring shipping rates, surcharges,8188and service contracts for vessels using Arctic routes to and from U.S.8189ports, particularly those in Alaska. This will ensure that U.S.8190shippers are not subject to unjust and unreasonable charges or unfair8191practices as commercial activity increases. As a member of the U.S.8192Committee on the Marine Transportation System (CMTS), I would advocate8193for the robust development of a detailed maritime transportation and8194infrastructure strategy for the U.S. Arctic that includes adequate port8195facilities in Alaska to ensure that Alaska's ports remain competitive8196amidst the growing needs of the shippers in the Arctic waters. I would8197collaborate with and support our Federal partners that have a primary8198national security role like the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), U.S. Maritime8199Administration (MARAD), and U.S. Department of War as America's8200economic security is a key part of national security. I would also8201coordinate with agencies like the USCG, NOAA, and the Department of8202Homeland Security (DHS) to support their efforts in charting unmapped8203waters, developing port access routes, and ensuring safe navigation. I8204would ensure that any FMC initiatives are developed in consultation8205with state, regional, and tribal representatives, as well as the8206National Shipper Advisory Committee (NSAC), to ensure local8207communities' needs and concerns are considered in the development of8208new shipping routes and port operations. I would ensure all FMC actions8209are consistent with U.S. foreign policy and international law,8210including the principle of freedom of navigation and the ``Arctic8211exception'' under UNCLOS Article 234, which grants coastal states8212authority to enforce pollution control laws in ice-covered areas. I8213would use the FMC's authority to conduct investigations into transit8214constraints at international maritime chokepoints, including potential8215Arctic routes, to gather data on shipping conditions and inform policy8216decisions. And finally, I would promote transparency in the industry by8217ensuring all tariffs and charges related to new Arctic routes are8218publicly available and clear, allowing the market to function8219efficiently and fairly.82208221 Question 2. (Competition and Sovereignty in the Arctic): As Arctic8222shipping lanes, particularly the Northern Sea Route, become more8223active, how would you help safeguard U.S. competitiveness--especially8224for Alaska's strategic ports--in the face of foreign control,8225navigation fees, and evolving international claims, while ensuring8226alignment with international maritime law and national security8227priorities?8228 Answer. If I am confirmed as an FMC Commissioner, I would safeguard8229U.S. competitiveness in the Arctic with a multi-faceted approach that8230would combine diplomatic and persistent military presence, along with8231robust, dual-use infrastructure development and investment (to include8232icebreaker fleet expansion), regulatory measures, international8233cooperation, and strategic messaging to ensure the U.S. and Alaska8234remain competitive and secure in the evolving Arctic landscape.8235Asserting international law principles through operational presence,8236enhanced military presence, and strengthening partnerships with allies8237and local communities will address foreign control, i.e., Russia's8238attempts to control the Northern Sea Route (NSR), navigation fees, and8239evolving international claims while aligning with maritime law and8240national security priorities. And incentivizing routes that align with8241U.S. priorities will improve the safety and efficiency of U.S.8242shipping, reducing reliance on foreign-controlled passages.82438244 Question 3. (Supply Chain and National Security): Alaska's ports8245are critical to the state's economy and serve as key national defense8246assets. How would you work with Federal partners, including the Coast8247Guard and Department of Defense, to ensure Alaska's maritime supply8248chains remain resilient and secure as Arctic maritime traffic8249increases?8250 Answer. If I am confirmed as an FMC Commissioner, I would8251collaborate with and support our Federal partners that have a primary8252national security role like the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), U.S. Maritime8253Administration (MARAD), and U.S Department of War as America's economic8254security is a key part of national security. I would also coordinate8255with agencies like the USCG, NOAA, and the Department of Homeland8256Security (DHS) to support their efforts in charting unmapped waters,8257developing port access routes, and ensuring safe navigation. As8258previously mentioned, I will ensure a competitive and reliable8259international ocean transportation system that supports the U.S.8260economy, protects Alaskan interests, and aligns with broader national8261security and international policy objectives. Ways in which I would go8262about this would involve leveraging the FMC's economic regulatory8263authority, closely monitoring shipping rates, surcharges, and service8264contracts for vessels using Arctic routes to and from U.S. ports,8265particularly those in Alaska. This will ensure that U.S. shippers are8266not subject to unjust and unreasonable charges or unfair practices as8267commercial activity increases. As a member of the U.S. Committee on the8268Marine Transportation System (CMTS), I would advocate for the robust8269development of a detailed maritime transportation and infrastructure8270strategy for the U.S. Arctic that includes adequate port facilities in8271Alaska to ensure that Alaska's ports remain competitive amidst the8272growing needs of the shippers in the Arctic waters. I would ensure that8273any FMC initiatives are developed in consultation with state, regional,8274and tribal representatives, as well as the National Shipper Advisory8275Committee (NSAC), to ensure local communities' needs and concerns are8276considered in the development of new shipping routes and port8277operations. I would ensure all FMC actions are consistent with U.S.8278foreign policy and international law, including the principle of8279freedom of navigation and the ``Arctic exception'' under UNCLOS Article8280234, which grants coastal states authority to enforce pollution control8281laws in ice-covered areas. I would use the FMC's authority to conduct8282investigations into transit constraints at international maritime8283chokepoints, including potential Arctic routes, to gather data on8284shipping conditions and inform policy decisions. And finally, I would8285promote transparency in the industry by ensuring all tariffs and8286charges related to new Arctic routes are publicly available and clear,8287allowing the market to function efficiently and fairly.8288 ______82898290 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Marsha Blackburn to8291 Laura DiBella8292 Question 1. As an FMC Commissioner, can you commit to implementing8293the FMC's authorities as written by Congress and holding true to the8294Commission's foundational principles, which focus on being a8295nondiscriminatory regulator for the common carriage of goods in the8296foreign commerce of the United States?8297 Answer. Yes, I can.82988299 Question 2. Freight forwarders and other Ocean Transport8300Intermediaries fill a crucial role in the American supply chain by8301helping American small, medium and large businesses efficiently move8302cargo via ocean. How do you view the FMC's role in empowering these8303Ocean Transport intermediaries to help American small and medium8304business compete?8305 Answer. The FMC's role is to foster a fair, competitive, and8306transparent marketplace, providing oversight and consumer protection,8307and offering dispute resolution services. This helps build trust and8308integrity in the U.S. supply chain by creating a more level playing8309field for large and small shippers alike giving them better access to8310services at competitive rates. The FMC helps ensure that businesses of8311all sizes, through their freight forwarders and Ocean Transport8312Intermediaries, can navigate the complexities of international ocean8313shipping with greater confidence and fewer barriers, allowing them to8314compete more effectively in the global marketplace.83158316 Question 3. There are many parties in ocean transportation that are8317essential to a well-run national economy. Shippers, Consignees, Freight8318forwarders/OTIs, and the carriers themselves as well as custom-house8319brokers. If your nomination proceeds, would you support outreach to and8320listening to feedback from the industry to enhance compliance with8321existing regulations and to improve the competitiveness of American8322small and medium businesses?8323 Answer. Yes, industry feedback and participation are critical to8324improving the competitiveness of American small and medium sized8325businesses.8326 ______83278328 Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Ted Budd to8329 Laura DiBella8330 Question 1. The FMC currently has a case before it involving8331intermodal chassis that has been going on for over five years. The8332Commission's ALJ dismissed the remaining issues in the case nearly a8333year ago. Once confirmed, will you commit to promptly looking into this8334case and ending the prolonged uncertainty its reaming open has caused?8335 Answer. Yes, I will.8336 ______83378338 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to8339 Laura DiBella8340 Jones Act. A long-standing tool to protect the U.S. maritime8341industry is the Jones Act, which requires that water-borne cargo8342carried between domestic ports must be on U.S. flag, U.S. built, and8343U.S. crewed ships. The Jones Act fleet consists of approximately 40,0008344vessels, supports 650,000 American family wage jobs, and contributes8345more than $150 billion to the national economy annually.83468347 Question 1. Do you support the Jones Act?8348 Answer. Yes, I do.83498350 Lower Costs for Consumers. In 2022, Congress's Ocean Shipping8351Reform Act gave the Commission a shot in the arm providing additional8352authorities to go after bad actors, self-initiate investigations, boost8353enforcement, and lower costs for American consumers. Since OSRA was8354signed into law, we have yet to see the Commission use this power to8355increase investigations into bad actors.83568357 Question 1. As a Commissioner, what will you do to drive down costs8358for consumers?8359 Answer. As a Commissioner, I will get to the heart of every matter8360that keeps costs high in terms of shipping, seeing through to swift8361completion several efforts that are currently under investigation, for8362example:83638364 Chokepoint interference keeps shipping costs high because8365 disruptions to these narrow waterways lead to significant8366 delays, mandatory rerouting, and increased operational expenses8367 like fuel and insurance which are ultimately passed down to the8368 consumer.83698370 Flags of Convenience, although in principle are designed to8371 keep costs low, have the potential to result in higher overall8372 risks to the supply chain due to lax oversight, potentially8373 leading to safety and reliability issues. Reduced oversight8374 could lead to catastrophic incidents that could compromise the8375 supply chain and have a disastrous effect on the U.S.8376 consumer's bottom line.83778378 Stymying the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Net8379 Zero vote that was recently delayed until 2026 is critical to8380 driving down costs as the implementation of the Net Zero8381 Framework will not only increase costs across the board due to8382 the need to retrofit and accommodate new fuel types on vessels,8383 it also greatly benefits China's shipbuilding capacity as they8384 dominate the market. It is a win-win for them and lose-lose for8385 basically everyone else.83868387 Question 2. Will you support efforts to increase investigations by8388the Commission?8389 Answer. Yes, I will.83908391 Question 3. How will you address cargo diversion to ensure that8392American ports will continue to be a preferred customer?8393 Answer. Addressing the Harbor Maintenance Tax loophole along with8394cargo preference laws (i.e., Jones Act, American Cargo for American8395Ships Act) would combat this immediately. In tandem with this, a8396combination of robust infrastructure investment and enhancements8397throughout the system (which is how we need to view this) would ensure8398supply chain visibility and better collaboration with all involved to8399help develop contingency plans in the face of disruptions.84008401 Independent Agencies. President Trump has illegally fired over 258402Members from independent Boards and Commissions this year, including at8403the FTC, NTSB, CPSC, and STB. Like those agencies, Congress created the8404FMC to be independent, and we should all expect its Commissioners to8405maintain their independence.84068407 Question 1. Do you believe in the importance of bipartisanship on8408independent boards and commissions like the FMC?8409 Answer. Yes, I do.84108411 Question 2. Yes or No: Will you commit to maintaining the8412independence of the FMC as Congress intended, if confirmed?8413 Answer. Yes, I will.84148415 Question 3. Yes or No: If the President or anyone else in this8416Administration threatened to fire you unless you took an action you8417disagreed with, would you refuse?8418 Answer. I do not believe the President would ask me to do so; if8419confirmed, I pledge to uphold the law.84208421 Rail Merger/Connections to Ports. Awareness of the broader freight8422transportation market is important to performing the role of an FMC8423Commissioner.84248425 Question 1. Are you concerned about the effects of consolidation in8426the U.S. domestic rail market as it relates to the competitiveness of8427our ports and lowering costs of maritime shipping?8428 Answer. Consolidation of any kind will have impacts, potentially8429both good and bad, and, if I am confirmed, I would appreciate hearing8430more about the impacts from the industry to ensure that competition8431remains high among our ports, along with costs remaining low in8432maritime shipping.84338434 Question 2. What information do you think would be helpful to the8435Federal Maritime Commission and the Surface Transportation Board to8436have from the railroads to better understand the impact of the proposed8437merger on our ports and American businesses exporting goods abroad?8438 Answer. Understanding the type of cargo and ultimate destination of8439the cargo is where the conversation must begin as that will outline the8440current system in place and then help ascertain how the merger could8441rearrange the current supply chain and thus, its impacts on ports and8442American exporters.8443 ______84448445 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to8446 Laura DiBella8447Federal Elections8448 Question 1. Setting aside the Congressional count and8449certification, do you believe President Donald Trump received more8450votes than Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 U.S. presidential8451election?8452 Answer. Congress certified that Donald Trump won the 2024 election8453on January 6, 2025.84548455 Question 2. Setting aside the official Congressional count and8456certification, do you believe President Joe Biden received more votes8457than President Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election?8458 Answer. Congress certified that Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential8459election on January 7, 2021.8460 ______84618462 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Marsha Blackburn to8463 Robert Harvey8464 Question 1. As an FMC Commissioner, can you commit to implementing8465the FMC's authorities as written by Congress and holding true to the8466Commission's foundational principles, which focus on being a8467nondiscriminatory regulator for the common carriage of goods in the8468foreign commerce of the United States?8469 Answer. Yes.84708471 Question 2. Freight forwarders and other Ocean Transport8472Intermediaries fill a crucial role in the American supply chain by8473helping American small, medium and large businesses efficiently move8474cargo via ocean. How do you view the FMC's role in empowering these8475Ocean Transport intermediaries to help American small and medium8476business compete?8477 Answer. To be mindful of the regulatory burdens and cost of8478compliance on American small, medium, and large businesses who8479efficiently move cargo via ocean, when exercising FMC's regulatory8480responsibilities.84818482 Question 3. There are many parties in ocean transportation that are8483essential to a well-run national economy. Shippers, Consignees, Freight8484forwarders/OTIs, and the carriers themselves as well as custom-house8485brokers. If your nomination proceeds, would you support outreach to and8486listening to feedback from the industry to enhance compliance with8487existing regulations and to improve the competitiveness of American8488small and medium businesses?8489 Answer. Yes.8490 ______84918492 Response to Written Question Submitted by Hon. Ted Budd to8493 Robert Harvey8494 Question 1. The FMC currently has a case before it involving8495intermodal chassis that has been going on for over five years. The8496Commission's ALJ dismissed the remaining issues in the case nearly a8497year ago. Once confirmed, will you commit to promptly looking into this8498case and ending the prolonged uncertainty its reaming open has caused?8499 Answer. Yes.8500 ______85018502 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to8503 Robert Harvey8504Jones Act8505 A long-standing tool to protect the U.S. maritime industry is the8506Jones Act, which requires that water-borne cargo carried between8507domestic ports must be on U.S. flag, U.S. built, and U.S. crewed ships.8508The Jones Act fleet consists of approximately 40,000 vessels, supports8509650,000 American family wage jobs, and contributes more than $1508510billion to the national economy annually.85118512 Question 1. Do you support the Jones Act?8513 Answer. Yes.8514Lower Costs for Consumers8515 In 2022, Congress's Ocean Shipping Reform Act gave the Commission a8516shot in the arm providing additional authorities to go after bad8517actors, self-initiate investigations, boost enforcement, and lower8518costs for American consumers. Since OSRA was signed into law, we have8519yet to see the Commission use this power to increase investigations8520into bad actors.85218522 Question 1. As a Commissioner, what will you do to drive down costs8523for consumers?8524 Answer. As stated in my hearing testimony, I support robust8525enforcement by the FMC to go after bad actors, self-initiate8526investigations, boost enforcement, and lower costs for American8527consumers.85288529 Question 2. Will you support efforts to increase investigations by8530the Commission?8531 Answer. Yes.85328533 Question 3. How will you address cargo diversion to ensure that8534American ports will continue to be a preferred customer?8535 Answer. Use FMC's investigation and enforcement authority to reduce8536cargo diversion to ensure that American ports will continue to be a8537preferred customer.8538Independent Agencies8539 President Trump has illegally fired over 25 Members from8540independent Boards and Commissions this year, including at the FTC,8541NTSB, CPSC, and STB. Like those agencies, Congress created the FMC to8542be independent. And we should all expect its Commissioners to maintain8543their independence.85448545 Question 1. Do you believe in the importance of bipartisanship on8546independent boards and commissions like the FMC?8547 Answer. Yes.85488549 Question 2. Yes or No: Will you commit to maintaining the8550independence of the FMC as Congress intended, if confirmed?8551 Answer. Yes.85528553 Question 3. Yes or No: If the President or anyone else in this8554Administration threatened to fire you unless you took an action you8555disagreed with, would you refuse?8556 Answer. Yes.8557Relevant Experience8558 Your prior experience as a securities attorney and in business8559development does not appear to reflect the background that prior FMC8560Commissioner nominees possessed.85618562 Question 1. Do you have any prior maritime experience specifically?8563 Answer. In terms of prior maritime experience, I state as follows:85648565 First, I served with the United States Navy on active duty and at8566Naval Station Great Lakes, Illinois. After active duty, I served as a8567reservist with Amphibious Group 2, Little Creek, Virginia and U.S.8568Naval Forces Europe, London, United Kingdom.8569 The lesson learned from my time in the Navy is that economic8570security and national security are inseparable. U.S. national security8571protects our economic assets, including critical infrastructure, supply8572chains, port access, and international trade routes, from both8573traditional and emerging threats.8574 Second, as President and Executive Director of the Florida8575Opportunity Fund (FOF), I have become familiar with emerging8576technologies in the maritime sector. For example, FOF has invested in:8577(1) cybersecurity/information technology companies that protect8578critical infrastructure; including vessels, ports and marine8579infrastructure; (2) companies that fuse real-time data with artificial8580intelligence to monitor maritime emissions and improve operational8581efficiency, at sea and ashore, and; (3) logistics companies providing8582multimodal last-mile delivery solutions, which improve visibility and8583reduce shipping time and cost.8584 Additionally, FOF has begun to review investments in quantum8585solutions for the marine industry, enabling potential breakthroughs in8586route and fleet optimization, quantum sensing and navigation, secure8587quantum communication, and predictive maintenance and environmental8588modeling.8589 Third, my economic development activities have been in a state with85901300 miles of coastline, sixteen public seaports, and seven cruise8591ports. That experience has given me an even greater appreciation for8592the maritime industry, supply chains, and port access, not only for8593Florida but the entire country. Furthermore, in my role as Executive8594Director of Florida Development Finance Corporation, I understand the8595costs of port modernization for infrastructure projects like ports,8596docks, wharves, and related facilities.85978598 Question 2. Detail why the U.S. Senate should be confident you are8599prepared for this role.8600 Answer. I believe my over 35 years of diverse experience in the8601military, legal and regulatory affairs, business, investment and8602finance, technology, and economic development will allow me to8603positively contribute to FMC's vital mission.8604Legal Advocacy8605 As a practicing attorney, you joined two Amici Curiae briefs in the8606case of U.S. v. Michael T. Flynn--the first on May 28, 2020, in the DC8607District Court, and the second on June 2, 2020, in the DC Circuit Court8608of Appeals. The briefs both supported dismissing the Federal case8609against Michael T. Flynn, a former Trump National Security Advisor who8610had pleaded guilty to making false statements to the FBI related to his8611contacts with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak.86128613 Question 1. What were the circumstances that led to your8614involvement with these briefs, including but not limited to when you8615first became aware of the first Amici Curiae brief, how you became8616aware, and who contacted you about it.8617 Answer. As I recall, the initial outreach was made to members of8618the Republican National Lawyers Association.86198620 Question 2. Which individual(s) or organization(s) led or8621coordinated the Amici Curiae?8622 Answer. Leslie McAdoo Gordon, McAdoo Gordon & Associates, P.C.,8623authored both briefs and the coordination was led by the Republican8624National Lawyers Association.86258626 Question 3. Why did you decide to join these two Amici Curiae8627briefs?8628 Answer. The amici curiae were a bipartisan group of attorneys with8629extensive experience in the Federal court system, including many who8630practice criminal law in the relevant courts, and other Federal courts.8631Some were prosecutors, government attorneys, or judges.8632 All had an interest in the proper application of Fed.R.Crim.P 48 in8633light of Separation of Powers principles.86348635 Question 4. Did you receive any compensation in connection with8636either of these Amici Curiae briefs? If so, please detail the source8637and amount of compensation.8638 Answer. No.8639 ______86408641 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to8642 Robert Harvey8643Federal Elections8644 Question 1. Setting aside the Congressional count and8645certification, do you believe President Donald Trump received more8646votes than Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 U.S. presidential8647election?8648 Answer. Congress certified that Donald Trump won the 20248649presidential election on January 6, 2025.86508651 Question 2. Setting aside the official Congressional count and8652certification, do you believe President Joe Biden received more votes8653than President Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election?8654 Answer. Congress certified that Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential8655election on January 7, 2021.8656 ______86578658 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Roger Wicker to8659 Timothy Petty8660Aquaculture8661 Background: Seafood production is a cornerstone of Mississippi's8662coastal economy--supporting thousands of jobs and contributing hundreds8663of millions of dollars each year through our commercial fisheries,8664processors, and seafood markets. Yet nationwide, the United States8665continues to import roughly 80 percent of the seafood we consume,8666resulting in a seafood trade deficit that now exceeds $20 billion8667annually. I see that as a missed opportunity for American workers and8668coastal communities. NOAA must play a central role in closing that gap.8669 Expanding marine aquaculture will help ensure that more of the8670seafood on American plates is produced by American hands.86718672 Question 1. If confirmed, will you commit to prioritizing the8673growth of U.S. marine aquaculture as part of NOAA's broader strategy to8674reduce our seafood trade deficit and support coastal economies like8675those in Mississippi?8676 Answer. A central tenet of the Administration's agenda is the8677advancement of American marine aquaculture. The President's Executive8678Order, ``Restoring America's Seafood Competitiveness,'' included8679provisions for streamlining aquaculture permitting, a commitment NOAA8680is actively pursuing. NOAA intends to continue working with the various8681regulatory agencies to streamline permitting for greater efficiency and8682predictability, while continuing to advance aquaculture research and8683promote sustainable practices.8684Ocean Observations and Technology8685 Background: The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is the8686Nation's leading resource for community-driven coastal, ocean, and8687Great Lakes sensor information. This vital program supports a vast8688network of buoys, gliders, high frequency radars, and other sensors8689that monitor U.S. waters. IOOS deploys, operates, and maintains more8690than 300 observing assets at 11 Regional Associations. Mississippi's8691Gulf Coast is home to national leaders in ocean observing and research,8692including the University of Southern Mississippi, the Stennis Space8693Center, and the Gulf Coastal Ocean Observing System.86948695 Question 1. As NOAA's Deputy Administrator, how would you ensure8696IOOS data and research are fully applied to improve coastal management,8697strengthen forecasting, and support local industries across the Gulf8698region?8699 Answer. I support NOAA's efforts to keep regional ocean observing8700data publicly accessible. I will champion the integration of ocean data8701from diverse sources--including Federal agencies, universities,8702industry, and non-profits--to strengthen our collective understanding.8703Continued access to this data is vital for supporting defense8704operations, safe maritime navigation, economic activity, public health,8705weather prediction, fisheries, conservation, and the responsible8706management of ocean and Great Lakes ecosystems.87078708 Question 2. The Gulf Coast is also expanding as a center for marine8709technology and innovation, from autonomous systems and advanced sensors8710to new data tools that support weather and ocean forecasting. Do you8711agree that NOAA should continue to partner with universities, small8712businesses, and private industry to expand economic opportunities and8713strengthen America's leadership in ocean technology?8714 Answer. Yes, I support NOAA's continued engagement with8715universities, small businesses, and the private sector to expand8716economic opportunities and technological leadership. Strategic8717partnerships are key to advancing NOAA's mission while also supporting8718regional economies, especially along the Gulf Coast. By leveraging8719external expertise and innovation, NOAA can enhance its science-based8720modeling, forecasting capabilities, improve fishery monitoring, and8721support a thriving blue economy.8722NOAA Cooperative Institutes8723 Background: The Ocean Exploration Cooperative Institute has8724supported and continues to support the Trump administration's8725priorities through U.S. leadership in ocean exploration and technology8726development. It is the go-to for critical minerals discovery in the8727ocean due its expertise with long-endurance autonomous surface and8728subsurface vehicles. This work is accelerated through public-private8729partnerships with industry.87308731 Question 1. What are your priorities for further implementation of8732public-private partnerships with NOAA Cooperative Institutes? How do8733you plan to utilize your authorities to incentivize innovative ocean8734research and training in the United States?8735 Answer. If confirmed, I will focus on strengthening NOAA's8736partnerships with universities, Tribal nations, states, private sector8737and industry to ensure that ocean research and workforce development8738reflects the regional and local communities. I will work to broaden8739access to NOAA's scientific resources, support collaborative projects8740in emerging marine and fishery technologies, and champion training8741pathways that prepare the next generation of ocean leaders.8742 ______87438744 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Dan Sullivan to8745 Timothy Petty8746Restoring American Seafood Competitiveness8747 Alaska alone supplies more than half of the seafood produced8748 in the entire United States, and it is integral to our way of8749 life.87508751 Over the last several years, the U.S. seafood industry has8752 experienced significant economic hardship and drastic declines,8753 primarily due to unfair and predatory practices from Russia and8754 China.87558756 In April, President Trump gave fishermen a shot in the arm8757 with his Executive order for Restoring American Seafood8758 Competitiveness. We are so thankful to the President for8759 putting forward such a meaningful EO to help our fishermen.87608761 This EO provides a roadmap to restore the U.S. domestic8762 fishing industry to greatness.87638764 This EO provides several direct pathways to further support8765 our Alaska fishermen and our communities, including strategies8766 to promote marketing, sale, and export of U.S. seafood8767 products.87688769 I look forward to working with you, NOAA Administrator8770 Neil Jacobs, Secretary Lutnick, and all of the other agency8771 heads tasked with ushering in a new Era of Seafood Policy8772 under this Executive Order. I ask that you use me and my8773 office as a resource as we move forward on these efforts.87748775 Alaska is the superpower of seafood, supporting 1.6 million8776 jobs nationwide and providing 10 billion meals each year.87778778 More than $1.7 billion in Alaska seafood products are8779 exported annually, contributing $15.8 billion to the U.S.8780 economy.87818782 But, to accomplish all of this, U.S. fishermen need a few8783 basic things from the Federal government:87848785 Robust and timely fish surveys to inform accurate8786 science-based stock assessments; and87878788 Timely promulgation of regulations to manage--and8789 open--the fisheries.87908791 Unfortunately, NOAA's fisheries surveys and stock8792 assessments are increasingly challenged by aging survey8793 vessels, data gaps, and delayed reporting, which can lead to8794 managers being overly cautious and reduce the amount of fish8795 that can be caught.87968797 This means less money in our American fishermen's pockets8798 and fewer opportunities for our people to have prime wild-8799 caught fish--this is real economic harm for Alaska's and8800 America's fishing communities.88018802 We are the gold standard for sustainable management.88038804 However, if we want to stay competitive and close the8805 seafood trade gap while keeping88068807 fisheries the most sustainable in the world, NOAA has8808 to modernize its science, its surveys, and its technology.88098810 That means better data collection, faster processing, and8811 tools that can give fishermen and managers real-time insights.88128813 A strong NOAA and National Marine Fisheries Service--along8814 with a dedicated, professional workforce--is also critical to8815 generating this economic activity and furthering the goals of8816 the President's EO.88178818 There is a reason these surveys must take place, and we need8819 to make sure that NOAA's fisheries science centers conduct this8820 work not just this year, but in future years.88218822 Question 1. Dr. Petty, will you commit to prioritizing the8823modernization of NOAA's fisheries science, including improved survey8824capacity, data collection, and technology upgrades, so that Alaska's8825fishermen and coastal communities can continue to rely on the best8826science in the world to sustain their livelihoods and our Nation's8827seafood supply?8828 Answer. Yes.88298830 Question 2. Dr. Petty, I mentioned the EO on Restoring American8831Seafood Competitiveness, and how it includes seafood marketing, yet8832NOAA has zeroed out the Saltonstall-Kennedy grant program in FY25 and8833have not yet allocated money for FY26. Can you commit to ensuring there8834is funding for the Saltonstall-Kennedy FY26 grant program?8835 Answer. If confirmed, I commit to keeping you informed regarding8836the implementation of the President's Executive Order on Restoring8837American Seafood Competitiveness. I also look forward to staying in8838touch as the Administration develops the FY2027 President's Budget8839request to Congress.8840IUU Fishing8841 Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated or ``IUU'' fishing8842 poses a significant threat to global marine ecosystems,8843 economies, and food security. It's estimated that IUU fishing8844 accounts for up to 20 percent of the global catch, which8845 translates to global losses between $10 billion and $50 billion8846 annually.88478848 IUU fishing is generally not an issue in the United States;8849 our fisheries are the most sustainable in the world. But8850 sustainably-sourced, legally-caught, high-quality seafood can't8851 compete with illegally sourced seafood that that is being8852 plundered from our oceans.88538854 We cannot have IUU fishing continue to threaten the8855 livelihoods of U.S. fishermen, undermine fair competition, and8856 deplete global fish stocks. Despite existing enforcement8857 mechanisms, illegal operators continue to exploit loopholes and8858 evade oversight, often engaging in forced labor and8859 environmentally destructive practices.88608861 Because of these threats to U.S. industry, I introduced the8862 Fighting Foreign Illegal Seafood Harvest (FISH) Act, which8863 combats IUU fishing globally. The FISH Act is a very bipartisan8864 bill and is just passed the Senate as an amendment to the FY 268865 NDAA.88668867 Question 1. Dr. Petty, can you commit to strengthening enforcement8868against IUU fishing and ensuring that American fishermen are competing8869on a level playing field?8870 Answer. Under the new Seafood Competitiveness directive, DOC and8871USTR are charged with developing a coordinated strategy to enhance the8872vitality of the U.S. seafood sector, including through the Seafood8873Trade Task Force. If confirmed, I will leverage this initiative to8874improve access to foreign markets, confront unfair trade practices, and8875reinforce a fair and thriving domestic marketplace for American seafood8876producers through strong interagency and industry collaboration.8877NOAA Ocean Data/Research8878 Dr. Petty, western Alaska is still recovering from the8879 devastation caused by the remnants of Typhoon Halong, which8880 brought destructive winds and record storm surges that8881 displaced families and destroyed homes across Western Alaska.88828883 Events like that remind us just how much is at stake for8884 Alaska's coastal communities--and how essential NOAA's research8885 and observing systems are for protecting lives and livelihoods.88868887 Alaskans know better than most that accurate, long-term8888 forecasting can mean the difference between safety and8889 catastrophe.88908891 In addition to ensuring the safety of our coastal8892 communities, ocean data and research are critical drivers for8893 supporting our Nation's economy, and I commend this8894 Administration for its focus on unleashing technology and8895 innovation.88968897 Alaskans know firsthand how important our coasts and oceans8898 are, several spending much of the year out on the water or8899 harvesting along our coasts.89008901 However, to fully unleash Alaska's economic potential and8902 allow our communities to thrive, Alaska needs the tools and8903 weather forecasts to improve safety, enhance the economy, and8904 protect the environment for our coastal communities.89058906 For this reason, I cosponsored a bill with my colleague8907 Senator Wicker to reauthorize the Integrated Ocean Observing8908 System (IOOS) at NOAA.89098910 The goals of IOOS decrease risks for Alaska. With better,8911 faster, and more cost-effective technologies and essential data8912 we can unlock our economic potential and protect lives and8913 livelihoods.89148915 Question 1. Will you commit to empowering NOAA's ocean data and8916research functions to ensure that Alaska doesn't lose the scientific8917capacity for important operational and long-term forecasting?8918 Answer. Yes.8919Alaska Salmon Research Task Force8920 I now want to turn to what is truly the lifeblood of my8921 state: salmon.89228923 Salmon is a way of life in Alaska and a primary food source8924 for many in the state. We don't buy our salmon in the store8925 like you all do, we fish for it, and we put it up to eat8926 throughout the year. Salmon closures shake the foundation of8927 our daily lives.89288929 Over the last several years, we have seen huge disparities8930 in our salmon runs. Bristol Bay has had fantastic Sockeye8931 returns, while the Yukon and Kuskokwim are seeing abysmal8932 returns of King salmon and seasons continue to be closed.89338934 It is imperative that we get to the bottom of what is8935 causing these fluctuations and poor salmon returns.89368937 Luckily, you've got a basis to work on. My Alaska Salmon8938 Research Task Force Act was signed into law in 2022 and had8939 NOAA collaborate with salmon experts in Alaska to chart a path8940 forward to research why we are seeing such decreased abundance8941 of salmon.89428943 The report was released last summer with suggestions of8944 discrete, meaningful research projects that we can undertake to8945 get to the bottom of this issue.89468947 A major research gap that was identified was that we are8948 doing very little research on the middle of salmon's lives when8949 they are in the ocean. That research is crucial to8950 understanding how to ensure sustainable salmon runs.89518952 Question 1. Can you commit to working with me to prioritize and8953build upon the work we have started to better understand why our salmon8954runs are decreasing in Alaska?8955 Answer. Yes.8956Russian Seafood Reciprocity Executive Orders8957 Dr. Petty, I want to bring up something that we talked about8958 during our meeting and that is the current reciprocal ban on8959 Russian Seafood.89608961 Russia has banned U.S. seafood from its markets since 2014.8962 However, for many years, Russia was not subject to any special8963 import duties in the U.S. Meanwhile, Russia has drastically8964 increased seafood production since 2022 and is openly working8965 to flood both U.S. and global markets with cheap seafood to8966 push out U.S. product.89678968 All the while, our hardworking fishermen could not export a8969 single fish to Russia. For nearly 10 years we allowed them to8970 do this and for years, I advocated to address this asymmetrical8971 and very unfair trade relationship. I was finally successful in8972 getting the last Administration to roll out a couple of8973 executive orders to put a stop to this and restore reciprocity.8974 If we can't enter the Russian market, they shouldn't be able to8975 flood ours, too.89768977 EO 14068 in 2022 banned imports of Russian seafood. However,8978 Russia found a loophole by laundering their seafood through8979 China to circumvent the ban. EO 14114 in 2023 closed this8980 loophole and made it abundantly clear than any seafood8981 harvested in Russia is banned from import into the U.S.--even8982 if it goes through processing in another country.89838984 Russia is our biggest competitor in a lot of the seafood8985 market, and just like China, they don't play fair.89868987 Question 1. Will you commit to working with Secretary Lutnick to8988keep these reciprocal executive orders--EO 14068 and EO 14114--in8989place? They are critical to keeping our seafood trade fair.8990 Answer. If confirmed, I will collaborate with both Secretary8991Lutnick, Under Secretary Jacobs, and other stakeholders to ensure these8992executive orders are implemented effectively and reflect the8993President's priorities. I will also advocate for data-driven8994assessments and stakeholder engagement to keep our seafood trade8995policies aligned with industry needs and global standards.8996 ______89978998 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Marsha Blackburn to8999 Timothy Petty9000 Question 1. Last year, at the urging of Chairman Cruz and myself,9001NOAA issued a two-year pause on new permitting restrictions for9002undersea cables. This pause was a step in the right direction, but it's9003only temporary. That's why I recently introduced the Undersea Cable9004Protection Act, which would make that pause permanent and ensure NOAA9005cannot impose burdensome regulations that unnecessarily slow down the9006deployment of critical subsea cable infrastructure. Given the9007importance of undersea cables to our national security, global9008communications, and economic competitiveness, do you agree that we need9009to eliminate burdensome regulations at NOAA and streamline permitting9010so these projects can continue without delay?9011 Answer. The vital importance of undersea cables for national9012security and economic competitiveness is fully acknowledged. The9013agency's core responsibility is to ensure that its regulatory processes9014are efficient and appropriately streamlined for the deployment of this9015critical infrastructure. If confirmed, I commit to prioritizing the9016review and efforts to streamline processes related to permitting and9017address any unnecessary administrative burdens.90189019 Question 2. Mr. Petty, many industries rely on publicly available9020NOAA datasets for the purpose of not only assessing and protecting9021against immediate weather risks, but also for historical knowledge that9022influences long-term infrastructure planning. NOAA's data and cutting-9023edge research helps all taxpayers better understand what risks weather9024poses to their communities and properties, and it affects how we act9025before and after some of our country's biggest emergencies. In your9026view, what is NOAA's proper role in making their data available to the9027public?9028 Answer. NOAA's role in public data access is central to its9029mission. By providing open, high-quality datasets, NOAA empowers9030communities, industries, and governments to prepare for weather9031extremes, design resilient infrastructure, and respond effectively to9032emergencies. If confirmed, I will work to strengthen data delivery9033systems, improve user interfaces, and deliver science-based datasets to9034ensure NOAA's science reaches those who need it most.9035 ______90369037 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Maria Cantwell to9038 Timothy Petty9039NOAA Workforce Reductions9040 I have serious concerns about the current state of NOAA's9041workforce. Since January 2025, NOAA has lost a combined 27,000 years of9042experience. The resulting brain drain has impacted the entire agency.9043Overall, NOAA now has more than 3,000 vacant positions across the9044agency.9045 On February 19, 2025, I sent a letter to Secretary Lutnick urging9046him to protect NOAA's critical workforce from the Trump9047Administration's reduction-in-force initiatives and hiring freeze,9048which would jeopardize the safety of the American public. Despite this9049warning, NOAA has lost over 2,000 employees through probationary9050firings and voluntary separation programs. These staffing shortages are9051disrupting NOAA's core functions. For instance, over a dozen stock9052assessments in New England and the mid-Atlantic have been canceled this9053year due to staffing shortages, and additional surveys in the Gulf and9054Hawaii were also canceled.90559056 Question 1. Yes or No: Do you believe NOAA can operate at its peak9057effectiveness when it has over 3,000 positions vacant?9058 Answer. If confirmed, my efforts will center on maintaining and9059enhancing our critical work in science, dedicated NOAA service, and9060effective stewardship.90619062 Question 2. Yes or No: Do you think that the agency's ability to9063carry out its mission effectively has been impacted by the loss of9064about 2,000 officials since January?9065 Answer. NOAA has articulated its foundational mission and9066operational priorities. Upon confirmation, my focus will be on driving9067performance and accountability across these critical mission areas.90689069 Question 3. Yes or No: Will you commit to fill these vacant NOAA9070positions under your purview without delay if confirmed?9071 Answer. Upon confirmation, I will take steps to ensure NOAA9072maintains the staffing levels required to execute its vital mission and9073strategic goals effectively.90749075 Question 4. What specific steps would you take to ensure the9076National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and National Ocean Service9077(NOS) has sufficient staff to conduct critical activities like stock9078assessments, permitting, and oil spill response?9079 Answer. Upon confirmation, I will immediately collaborate with9080NMFS, NOS, and NOAA's Human Capital Services to ensure the skilled9081workforce has adequate resources that are essential to advancing our9082fisheries and ocean mission and delivering on strategic goals.90839084 Question 5. Will you ensure NOAA is adequately staffed so that9085Tribes are able to access meaningful government-to-government9086consultation and technical assistance on NOAA programs, including9087grants?9088 Answer. I recognize and uphold the importance of government-to-9089government consultations with Tribes in shaping effective and inclusive9090policy.90919092 Question 6. What is your plan for rebuilding the base of expertise9093that has been lost, ensuring that our science remains cutting edge, and9094retaining experts that are otherwise likely to leave for work in other9095nations?9096 Answer. Upon confirmation, I will work to strengthen NOAA's9097foundation of expertise by cultivating a culture that empowers and9098values our researchers--enabling them to deliver innovative, high-9099impact science for the benefit of the American people.9100National Marine Fisheries Service9101 American fisheries are the best managed fisheries in the world9102because of science. However, recent staffing cuts and the ongoing9103Federal hiring freeze have left NOAA with a shortage of fishery9104managers, scientists, and mariners that NOAA needs to operate its9105ships.9106 As a result, many of NOAA's research vessels were tied up at the9107dock this summer, resulting in stock assessments being cancelled.9108Without stock assessments, NOAA will have to lower harvest levels. That9109means fewer fish, fewer fishing jobs, and a damaging ripple effect9110throughout coastal economies that rely on seafood.91119112 Question 1. What is your plan to address stock assessment9113shortfalls?9114 Answer. If confirmed, I will collaborate with Congress to secure9115the resources NOAA needs to prioritize critical surveys--addressing9116mariner workforce gaps and expanding the use of uncrewed systems to9117enhance survey capabilities.91189119 Question 2. Yes or No: Do you support moving NMFS, the Office of9120Protected Resources, or any of their activities and functions out of9121NOAA? If yes, explain why.9122 Answer. The FY 2026 President's Budget request for NOAA proposes9123transferring responsibilities under the Endangered Species Act (ESA)9124and Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) from the National Marine9125Fisheries Service's Office of Protected Resources to the U.S. Fish and9126Wildlife Service within the Department of the Interior. This shift aims9127to enhance interagency coordination, increase operational efficiency,9128and streamline the implementation of these laws--ultimately reducing9129regulatory burdens for both the public and industry.9130Northwest Fisheries Science Center9131 A significant portion of salmon research occurs at the Northwest9132Fisheries Science Center in Seattle. That building is in dire need of9133replacement. I previously secured funding for a new building that could9134be collocated with the University of Washington, but it was rescinded9135by the reconciliation bill.91369137 Question 1. Do you support replacing the Northwest lab facility?9138 Answer. NOAA's infrastructure, including the Northwest Fisheries9139Science Center, is central to advancing scientific research and9140conservation goals. These facilities contribute directly to the9141recovery of Pacific salmon and steelhead--species that are integral to9142the Pacific Northwest's economy, cultural identity, and Tribal Treaty9143obligations. Strategic investment in these assets is important but must9144be guided by practical and sustainable planning. If confirmed, I will9145work closely with Congress, GSA, and local partners to explore9146appropriate next steps for the Northwest Fisheries Science Center.9147Salmon Infrastructure9148 Salmon are central to the state of Washington's economy, culture,9149Tribal Treaty Rights, and our identity in the Pacific Northwest. We9150need a refined strategy with bold actions that restores critical9151habitats and advances innovative science to turn the tide on salmon9152declines so that we can make meaningful progress on salmon restoration.91539154 Question 1. Do you support including salmon infrastructure, such as9155funding for hatcheries and culvert removal, in future infrastructure9156and surface transportation packages?9157 Answer. The health of Northwest salmon populations depends on9158effective management of infrastructure and tributary systems. NOAA9159views these elements as critical and will continue to collaborate9160closely with regional stakeholders to ensure sustainable fisheries for9161future generations.91629163 Question 2. If confirmed, will you work with me to solve problems9164that harm salmon populations such as culverts and hazardous tire9165chemicals?9166 Answer. The health of salmon populations in the region depends9167heavily on the condition of infrastructure and water quality systems.9168While transportation management, water quality resources and chemical9169oversight fall outside NOAA's direct authority, the agency is dedicated9170to working in partnership with state, local, and Federal entities to9171ensure these critical resources are managed effectively for the9172enduring viability of salmon.91739174 Question 3. Yes or No: Do you support further investments in Tribal9175salmon hatchery infrastructure?9176 Answer. I recognize the deep connection between Tribes and9177fisheries resources, and if confirmed, I will work to maintain strong,9178enduring partnerships with Tribal governments to address fisheries9179management challenges together.9180Bipartisan NOAA Programs9181 I along with Senator Wicker have introduced bills to reauthorize9182both the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and National Sea9183Grant College programs, which would be eliminated in the President's FY91842026 budget. NOAA's buoy provides access to high quality ocean, coastal9185and Great Lakes data that weather forecasters, fishermen, marine9186transportation, and other ocean users depend on for safety and to9187support coastal economic development. And Sea Grant helps protect9188coastal communities while supporting our fishermen. Last year,9189Washington Sea Grant generated over $60 million in economic benefits to9190the State of Washington, nearly 20 times the Federal investment.91919192 Question 1. Do you support the IOOS program?9193 Answer. I support NOAA's efforts to keep regional ocean observing9194data publicly accessible. I will champion the integration of ocean data9195from diverse sources--including Federal agencies, universities,9196industry, and non-profits--to strengthen our collective understanding.9197Continued access to this data is vital for supporting defense9198operations, safe maritime navigation, economic activity, public health,9199weather prediction, fisheries, conservation, and the responsible9200management of ocean and Great Lakes ecosystems.92019202 Question 2. Do you support the Sea Grant program?9203 Answer. The President's 2026 budget request provides a clear9204framework for prioritizing federal expenditures.92059206 Question 3. Do you commit to maintaining programs within NOAA that9207are Congressionally mandated?9208 Answer. If confirmed, I will faithfully follow the law and remain9209committed to advancing NOAA's essential work--from ocean and marine9210stewardship, fisheries management and to weather forecasting--with9211scientific rigor, transparency, and impact effectiveness.9212Fisheries Disasters9213 An important role of NOAA Fisheries is to administer disaster9214assistance funds for declared fisheries disasters. U.S. fishermen are9215currently waiting on $300 million in appropriated funds for fisheries9216disasters assistance to be administered.92179218 Question 1. Do you commit to ensuring NOAA Fisheries quickly9219administers appropriated fisheries disaster assistance funds once9220confirmed?9221 Answer. I recognize the critical importance of NOAA's management of9222fisheries disaster assistance, which provides support to coastal9223economies and fishing communities following catastrophic events. If9224confirmed, I commit to working closely with the Department to9225administer assistance funds without unnecessary disruption.92269227 Question 2. What steps will you take to ensure fisheries disaster9228funds are administered without delay in the future?9229 Answer. If confirmed, I commit to working with the resources that9230Congress provides, and to working with the Department and OMB to9231prioritize streamlining the disbursement process to deliver these9232critical funds to the impacted states, tribes, and territories.9233Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) Fishing9234 IUU fishing is a key driver of global overfishing that threatens9235marine ecosystems, food security, and regional stability. It's a major9236global challenge that requires a whole-of-government approach by U.S.9237agencies for effective data collection, sharing of information, and9238enforcement efforts. The recent Executive Order 14276 on seafood9239competitiveness emphasized the urgency of protecting U.S. markets and9240maritime security from threats posed by IUU fishing and those products9241entering U.S. supply chains. It explicitly calls for enhanced Federal9242efforts to counter IUU fishing, improve traceability of seafood9243products, and coordinate more effectively across agencies, including9244Customs and Border Protection, Coast Guard, and the State Department.9245Given the scale of the threat and the vulnerabilities in U.S. seafood9246supply chains, this EO represents an opportunity and responsibility for9247NOAA to lead and act quickly.92489249 Question 1. What actions will you take to ensure NOAA's efforts to9250address IUU fishing is prioritized and sufficiently resourced?9251 Answer. Ensuring the competitiveness of American seafood means9252confronting IUU fishing head-on. If confirmed, I will support NOAA's9253efforts to enhance enforcement, expand monitoring of seafood imports,9254and build stronger global coalitions to prevent illegally caught fish9255from entering the U.S. supply chain.92569257 Question 2. What actions will you take to improve coordination9258between NOAA and other agencies and ensure a whole-of-government9259approach to combating IUU fishing?9260 Answer. The Executive Order on Seafood Competitiveness, expanding9261upon EO 13921, calls on DOC and USTR to evaluate seafood trade dynamics9262and develop a unified strategy, while establishing the Seafood Trade9263Task Force under joint leadership. If confirmed, I will actively engage9264this mechanism to pursue improved market access, combat unfair trade9265practices, and ensure a level playing field for American seafood9266producers.9267 ______92689269 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Edward Markey to9270 Timothy Petty9271 Question 1. Sound, unbiased ocean and atmospheric research is at9272the heart of the component of NOAA you would supervise if confirmed. Do9273you agree with the scientific communities' consensus that climate9274change is real and already impacting the ocean including American9275fisheries?92769277 a. Do you believe that it is NOAA's responsibility to conduct9278research and educate the public about all aspects of our changing9279climate and how it will impact their daily lives?9280 Answer. I believe NOAA has a vital responsibility to conduct9281rigorous applied research and to communicate its findings with9282transparency and clarity. It is essential that the public understands9283how changes in our oceans and atmosphere influence daily life--from9284weather systems and coastal resilience to food supply and public9285safety.92869287 b. If confirmed, how will you ensure that NOAA leads the way in9288developing and implementing climate-ready fisheries policies--9289supporting adaptive management, advancing ocean and climate science,9290and strengthening the resilience of U.S. fishermen and coastal9291communities facing these accelerating environmental changes?9292 Answer. If confirmed, I will ensure NOAA leads with science-based,9293adaptive fisheries policies that respond to changing environmental and9294economic conditions. I will prioritize investments in ocean science,9295fishery surveys and strengthen data-driven management, while working9296closely with fishermen, stakeholders, states, Tribal partners, and9297coastal communities to build resilience in the face of international9298competition, IUU impacts and environmental change.92999300 Question 2. NOAA has lost significant portions of its workforce9301since this administration has begun, hampering its ability to operate.9302Do you commit to advocating for and protecting the remaining staff at9303NOAA from further reductions in force in order to successfully oversee9304the operations of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Ocean9305Service, and other agency components under your supervision?9306 Answer. If confirmed, I will work closely with NOAA's line offices,9307including the National Marine Fisheries Service and National Ocean9308Service, and coordinate with the Office of Human Capital Services to9309ensure we have the best workforce to deliver on our mission and advance9310strategic goals and priorities across the agency.93119312 Question 3. During your nomination hearing you stated that you9313believe artificial intelligence (AI) will be critical to addressing9314issues managing our fisheries. Yet fisheries management will not be9315possible without adequate staff as AI cannot replace many of the9316critical staff roles currently vacant due to ongoing reductions in9317force. Please list at least three ways you plan to remediate the9318staffing issues at the National Marine Fisheries Service caused by the9319reductions in force, voluntary resignation program, and overall9320attrition (i.e., retirements and early departures).9321 Answer. If confirmed, I will work to strengthen staffing at the9322National Marine Fisheries Service. First, by reinforcing foundational9323roles in research and applied science, build law enforcement measures,9324and stakeholder engagement that are central to NOAA's fisheries9325mission. Second, by investing in people by improving retention9326strategies, supporting professional development, and fostering a9327culture of excellence. Third, using AI as a tool--not a substitute--to9328support staff, streamline operations, and free up human capacity for9329priority mission areas and collaboration.93309331 Question 4. You also stated during your nomination hearing that you9332understand the dangers posed by algal blooms to our water quality,9333public health, and environmental health. If confirmed, will you commit9334to supporting career scientists' unbiased assessments of all of the9335contributing factors to harmful algal blooms, including from9336agriculture?9337 Answer. If confirmed, I will uphold NOAA's commitment to scientific9338transparency and integrity. Supporting career scientists in evaluating9339drivers harmful to fisheries and oceans underpin the economic drivers9340for a robust fishery population.93419342 a. Will you commit to supporting the recommendations made by career9343NOAA scientists to address harmful algal blooms even if they come into9344conflict with Department of Agriculture priorities?9345 Answer. If confirmed, I will guide NOAA with the understanding that9346transparency, rigorous science, and open communication are essential to9347earning public trust and advancing our core science mission.9348 ______93499350 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. Tammy Duckworth to9351 Timothy Petty9352Federal Elections9353 Question 1. Setting aside the Congressional count and9354certification, do you believe President Donald Trump received more9355votes than Vice President Kamala Harris in the 2024 U.S. presidential9356election?9357 Answer. After securing certification through the constitutional9358process, President Donld Trump assumed office as the 47th President of9359the United States on January 20, 2025.93609361 Question 2. Setting aside the official Congressional count and9362certification, do you believe President Joe Biden received more votes9363than President Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election?9364 Answer. After securing certification through the constitutional9365process, former President Joseph Biden assumed office as the 46th9366President of the United States on January 20, 2021.9367 ______93689369 Response to Written Questions Submitted by Hon. John Hickenlooper to9370 Timothy Petty9371Colorado River Basin Forecast Center9372 The Colorado River is the hardest working river in the West. It9373supplies water to 40 million people across 7 states while supporting9374farms, communities, and economies. Given the climate-induced drought9375over the last 25 years, it is critical to closely track the river's9376supply.9377 NOAA plays a vital role in collecting and sharing timely9378information to communities about forecasts-including through the9379Colorado River Basin Forecast Center, which examines reservoir inflows,9380streamflow forecasts, and provides flash flood guidance.93819382 Question 1. Dr. Petty, if confirmed, how will you ensure the9383Colorado River Basin Forecast Center continues and expands its critical9384water security mission?9385 Answer. If confirmed, I will ensure that NOAA's foundational9386missions--including collaborative research in the Colorado River9387Basin--remain resilient and effective, upholding scientific rigor and9388interagency cooperation through any structural or administrative9389changes.9390NOAA's Facilities and Cooperative Institutes9391 NOAA's presence in Boulder stretches back over 25 years. NOAA's9392collaborations across the scientific community in Boulder extend to9393Colorado's NIST campus, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research9394(NCAR), and two Cooperative Institutes supported by NOAA: the9395Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA); and9396Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES).9397 Dr. Petty, in our conversation, you shared with me your desire to9398preserve and expand public access to NOAA's key datasets.93999400 Question 1. Dr. Petty, if confirmed, will you commit to preserving9401the integrity of NOAA's essential research functions and Cooperative9402Institute partnerships?9403 Answer. If confirmed, I will lead NOAA with a commitment to9404continuity and excellence in its core missions--from weather9405forecasting to fisheries oversight--ensuring they remain effective and9406scientifically sound. I will prioritize research that is focused,9407agile, and responsive to the evolving needs of communities across the9408Nation.9409Western Water9410 The United States should always strive to represent the global gold9411standard for weather forecasting and modeling. Emerging technologies9412such as quantum computing and artificial intelligence are transforming9413every sector of our economy. Dr. Petty, in our conversation, you shared9414with me how you would like to help NOAA leverage emerging technologies9415like AI and quantum to help address major issues such as drought.94169417 Question 1. Dr. Petty, how would you ensure NOAA's climate and9418hydrological data, forecasts, and modeling capabilities are effectively9419deployed to help Western states better manage water resources under9420worsening drought and aridification?9421 Answer. If confirmed, I will ensure NOAA's hydrological expertise9422is deployed with transparency and open science modeling to support9423Western states and Tribal communities facing water stress and demand. I9424will champion open data access, support co-developed solutions with9425local stakeholders, and maintain scientific rigor in all modeling and9426forecasting efforts to guide sustainable water resource decisions.94279428 Question 2. Dr. Petty, how would you strengthen NOAA's9429collaboration with state, local, and tribal governments in inland9430regions-including farmers, ranchers, and outdoor recreationists-to9431expand access to actionable data?9432 Answer. If confirmed, I will strengthen NOAA's inland partnerships9433by using regional engagement through listening sessions and stakeholder9434roundtables, ensuring that farmers, ranchers, and outdoor9435recreationists have a direct voice in shaping NOAA's data priorities. I9436will work to improve the accessibility of NOAA's hydrological tools and9437models, allowing local communities to tailor them to meet the9438operational needs of inland communities. Additionally, I will support9439Tribal and local partnerships to co-develop their own data products9440that reflect regional priorities, ensuring that NOAA's science is both9441responsive and inclusive.9442Wildfire Preparedness9443 The Mountain West is increasingly threatened by devastating9444wildfires. NOAA and the National Weather Service play a key role in9445helping forecast, model, and identify areas prone to wildfires.9446 Earlier this week, on Tuesday, October 21st, we were proud to9447advance the bipartisan Fix Our Forests Act in the Senate Committee on9448Agriculture, to help increase our preparedness against wildfires.94499450 Question 1. Dr. Petty, how will you ensure NOAA's weather and9451climate forecasting tools--particularly those related to precipitation9452and fire weather--are improved and communicated in ways that help state9453and local officials plan for and mitigate these extreme events?9454 Answer. If confirmed, I look forward to working with you and your9455staff to advance fire weather forecasting. As new technologies,9456observations, and data become available, I will work with the NOAA9457Administrator and Assistant Secretary for Environmental Observations9458and Prediction to ensure NOAA advances forecasting in the area of fire9459weather.94609461 [all]